In July 2011, she attended an event celebrating the cast of "Love, Loss & What I Wore" in a black minidress.

The dress had a straight neckline with a V in the center. She wore it with strappy black heels.

Tiffany attended a New York Fashion Week event in September 2014 in a form-fitting blue minidress.

It had a chic halter neckline, and she paired the dress with black heels.

Trump's youngest daughter didn't immediately change her style after her father announced his candidacy for president in June 2015. In August 2015, she attended a VH1 benefit in a minidress.

The halter dress dipped low in the back and featured a sheer base. It was overlaid with a layer of see-through fabric covered in a blue floral pattern.

Nude shoes completed the beachy look.

Tiffany gave a speech at the 2016 RNC, walking onstage in a blue dress.

It had a high, scooped neckline, a bow that cinched her waist, and a skirt that flared around her knees.

Both Trump sisters appeared alongside their father on election night in 2016 wearing light-blue minidresses.

Tiffany's silk column dress hit her mid-thigh. It was sleeveless, and sparkly gems trimmed the scooped collar. Nude heels completed her look.

Tiffany and Ivanka coordinated their looks for Donald Trump's Inauguration Day in 2017, both attending in white ensembles.

Tiffany wore a custom Taoray Wang coat and coordinating dress. The coat was stark white and double-breasted, and she accessorized the look with a double-strand pearl necklace.

Tiffany tapped Simin Taghdiri of Simin Couture for her dress for the inaugural balls.

The strapless pink dress was form-fitting and flared to a mermaid skirt. It was covered in intricate floral embroidery with pops of blue, and textured embellishments adorned the trim of the neckline and waist.

The sparkly look contrasted the clean lines she wore earlier in the day.

Tiffany attended a few Fashion Week shows in 2017, sitting front row at Taoray Wang's presentation on February 11, less than a month after wearing the designer at her father's inauguration.

For the occasion, she wore a white sheath dress with a low V-neckline and a pleat running down the center. A pink and beige coat and gold heels added pops of color.

During a night out in New York City, Tiffany was photographed in a black dress that hit her mid-thigh.

Cutouts covered the top half of the long sleeves, and strips of silver and sheer fabric adorned the skirt's hem.

Tiffany added sparkly black heels to the look.

Tiffany and her mother, Marla Maples, stepped out at The Arts Club in London in July 2018.

Tiffany wore a powder-blue blazer and trousers, but her sheer, high-neck top was the standout aspect of her look. The black top featured a subtle striped pattern.

She added open-toe black shoes to the outfit.

The base of the dress was blue and strapless. It was covered with a sheer overlay adorned with floral black lace.

The lace formed off-the-shoulder sleeves, and Tiffany's black shoes matched the gown.

Tiffany spoke at the virtual Republican National Convention when her father ran for president in 2020, selecting a powder-blue suit.

The wide-legged trousers had pleats on the sides, showing off a strip of darker fabric. Tiffany also added a sparkly blue shirt to the look, blending the professional silhouette with textures she favors in her streetwear attire.

Tiffany was photographed exiting Air Force One in Florida in January 2021 after her father left the White House. She was wearing a knee-length black dress.

The double-belted sweater dress had a high neckline. She wore it with an oatmeal coat and sunglasses.

Tiffany was spotted with her father before her November 2022 wedding at Mar-a-Lago.

She wore a white dress covered in blue florals. It cinched at the waist and flared out before hitting her mid-calf.

Tiffany wore white throughout the 2024 RNC, including a coordinating white set from Amanda Uprichard.

The outfit consisted of the sleeveless $247 Hughes vest, featuring buttons down the center, and the $172 Hope skirt. Both featured a subtle ruching pattern.

Tiffany appeared alongside her family on election night in a simple cream dress.

The short-sleeve dress had a high neckline and a flared skirt that hit her mid-calf. It belted at the waist, with a subtle gold buckle cinching in the center.

She paired the halter top with a pink jacket and an orange skirt. A white bag and black heels completed the look.

Fanning's green silk Gucci gown was almost entirely sheer and embroidered with sparkly floral detailing.

Oversize flowers decorated the hem of the dress.

The Alexander McQueen dress was covered in delicate lace, and the sheer, dropped-waist corset offset the high-low skirt.

She accessorized the look with sparkly pink heels.

The dress was covered in oversize sequins and featured a plunging neckline and midriff cutout.

Fanning matched her silver heels to the crystal-lined neckline detail of the Miu Miu dress.

The gown's bodice was yellow and trimmed with silver sequins, forming a bow in the center.

The white, tulle skirt flowed out into a train behind her.

The sparkly navy dress had a deep neckline trimmed with pink and silver stripes.

She accessorized the dress with red satin heels.

The gown had a full skirt and train, as well as ruffled sleeves.

Fanning wore Chopard jewelry and Sophia Webster shoes at the "Les Miserables" premiere.

Fanning arrived at the event in a sheer Kimhekim blouse and skirt held together by an oversize pink satin bow.

She completed her look with a pink corset and pointed-toe heels in a lighter shade of pink.

The dress hit Fanning at her ankles, and both the skirt and the plunging neckline were trimmed with ruffled fabric.

She paired the floral-print dress with pointed metallic silver heels.

The pale-pink dress from Miu Miu featured sequins on the halter bodice, which formed cutouts on the sides. The tulle skirt flowed to the floor and featured subtle sparkles.

Fanning wore the gown with Tiffany & Co. jewelry.

Fanning's flared jumpsuit featured a fun petal cutout on the bodice. She paired the black ensemble with a floral Gucci choker and black heels.

Fanning's Gucci dress had an open back, a high neckline, and a full skirt.

The actor's Balmain top, designed to look like a gold chain, left Fanning's back completely open.

She wore the top with a low-rise, black skirt.

The cream dress was designed with ruffles and floral embroidery. It flared around Fanning's hips, cinching in again for an asymmetrical look.

Cutouts decorated the dress, and the sweetheart neckline sat low on Fanning's chest. Gold shoes completed the look.

The bodysuit's top looked like a bra, and sheer black lace covered Fanning's stomach.

She paired the daring top with black, wide-legged pants, a matching jacket, and silver shoes.

The Georges Chakra dress hugged Fanning's figure, and it was embroidered with textured embellishments.

The draped neckline scooped all the way to Fanning's navel, and she wore gold shoes with the look.

For the "Garden of Time" Met Gala, Fanning wore a form-fitting dress with a neckline that flowed into birds on each shoulder.

The glass-like material was see-through, and it flowed into a tulle train.

The long-sleeve Gucci gown was covered in a sunflower pattern from head to toe.

The gauzy sleeves and skirt flowed around Fanning, offsetting the plunging neckline that cinched her waist.

Fanning chose a loose-fitting suit from Saint Laurent for the event.

The single-button jacket bared her chest, and she paired the black suit with pointed-toe heels.

Dior designed her knee-length black dress, which cinched at the waist and was framed by cutouts on the sides.

The neckline formed a deep V, and the latex sleeves formed gloves. Black heels completed the look.

The sage-green dress from Valentino featured long sleeves and a low neckline, and the hem and sleeves were trimmed with fuzzy fabric.

Fanning wore a coordinating shrug over the gown, adding volume to the look.

The deep-green dress had an A-line silhouette, and the bodice was made of crisscrossing fabric, creating subtle cutouts.

The pleated skirt was semi-sheer, showing glimpses of Fanning's legs throughout the night.

The column dress had a square neckline trimmed with silver embellishments and a bow in the center.

The straps were made of the same fabric and flowed onto Fanning's back in a square pattern.

A delicate train flowed out, adding glamour to the look.

Fanning's dress for the 2025 Golden Globes featured a leopard bodice, and she nodded to the look with her vintage Dior gown at the after-party.

The form-fitting dress had spaghetti straps adorned with red bows and a thigh-high slit cut up the skirt. A coordinating scarf completed the sultry look.

Kate joined the royal family for their annual walk from Sandringham in Norfolk, England, to attend a church service on Christmas Day.

The Princess of Wales walked with her children and husband to the Church of St. Mary Magdalene in one of her signature coatdresses, much like she did in years past.

Kensington Palace said in its statement that Kate would remain in the hospital, The London Clinic, for up to two weeks following the procedure.

"Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales was admitted to hospital yesterday for planned abdominal surgery," the statement read. "The surgery was successful, and it is expected that she will remain in hospital for ten to fourteen days, before returning home to continue her recovery. Based on the current medical advice, she is unlikely to return to public duties until after Easter."

Kensington Palace provided no additional information about what procedure Kate underwent, though the palace told the Associated Press the princess didn't have cancer.

The statement also said Kate hoped "her personal medical information remains private" to help provide her children with "normality."

"Kensington Palace will, therefore, only provide updates on Her Royal Highness' progress when there is significant new information to share," the statement went on to say.

Prince William was photographed visiting Kate at the hospital the following day.

"The Princess of Wales has returned home to Windsor to continue her recovery from surgery," the statement shared on Instagram said. "She is making good progress."

William and Kate went on to thank the staff at The London Clinic in the statement, as well as those who sent them well wishes.

The same day, Buckingham Palace announced King Charles was returning home after having a procedure for a benign prostate enlargement.

Buckingham Palace said in a statement that "a separate issue of concern was noted" during the king's prostate procedure, and additional testing disclosed he had cancer. The palace didn't disclose what form of cancer he was diagnosed with, though they said it wasn't prostate cancer.

The statement also said that the king "commenced a schedule of regular treatments" and that although he would still be working from home, he would "postpone public-facing duties" per medical advice.

The palace didn't specify how long the king would forgo public-facing work at the time.

"His Majesty has chosen to share his diagnosis to prevent speculation and in the hope it may assist public understanding for all those around the world who are affected by cancer," the statement also said.

William paused his royal engagements amid Kate's surgery and recovery, returning to work on February 7, 2024, for an investiture ceremony at Windsor Castle.

The same day, he attended a gala raising money for the London Air Ambulance, and he thanked the public for their messages of support for Kate, Town & Country reported.

"I'd like to take this opportunity to say thank you, also, for the kind messages of support for Catherine and for my father, especially in recent days," he said, adding that "it means a great deal to us all."

He has attended a handful of public events since. The public was predicted to look to William in Charles and Kate's absences, as he represents the monarchy's future as heir to the throne.

"It's an opportunity for him to communicate on behalf of the royal family," Eric Schiffer, the chairman of Reputation Management Consultants, said.

In addition, the public generally responds more favorably to younger royals. Without Kate, Prince Harry, and Meghan Markle, William's youth could be a boon for the monarchy, as Kristen Meizner, a royal watcher, told BI.

"They are most focused on the royals when they are of courtship age, getting married, having babies, that kind of thing," she said. "They're not necessarily considered as dazzling or as exciting to the public when they're 60 or 70 or whatnot."

On February 9, 2024, the Daily Mail reported that Kate had joined her family at their home in Sandringham, Anmer Hall, for her children's half-term holiday.

The outlet also reported that her recovery was going well at the time.

Kate wasn't photographed during her trip from Windsor to Sandringham.

Although he wasn't taking on public-facing duties, King Charles was still photographed a few times following his cancer diagnosis and the beginning of his treatment.

On February 11, 2024, he and Queen Camilla were spotted going to church in Sandringham, and he was photographed meeting with then-Prime Minister Rishi Sunak on February 21 at Buckingham Palace.

On the other hand, Kate remained absent, as Kensington Palace released no photos or videos of her.

Typically, William and Kate have released statements as a pair since they got married.

But on February 20, 2024, Kensington Palace released a statement on only William's behalf regarding the conflict in Gaza, in which he said he remained "deeply concerned about the human cost of the conflict in the Middle East since the Hamas terrorist attack on 7 October."

"I, like so many others, want to see an end to the fighting as soon as possible," the statement said. "There is a desperate need for increased humanitarian support to Gaza."

William also said he continued "to cling to the hope that a brighter future can be found, and I refuse to give up on that."

In addition to speaking for only William, the statement had a "W" seal at the top rather than the crown featured on messages from the Prince and Princess of Wales as a unit.

On February 27, 2024, members of the royal family attended a service of thanksgiving for King Constantine of Greece, King Charles' second cousin and close companion. He was one of William's godfathers.

William was set to attend the event alongside Queen Camilla and other family members but missed the service because of a personal matter, Kensington Palace told Business Insider.

A palace representative also told BI that Kate was doing well, but they didn't elaborate on what caused William to miss the event.

Following his absence, chatter about Kate's prolonged absence from the public eye erupted on social media, with users speculating about why she hadn't been seen in months. The princess was trending on X, and thousands posted about her on TikTok. "Kate Middleton" was also sixth on Google's list of trending search terms on February 27, highlighting how high public interest got in her absence.

On February 29, 2024, Prince William resumed public duty, visiting the Western Marble Arch Synagogue to learn about the Holocaust Educational Trust, as Kensington Palace shared on Instagram.

He sat down with a Holocaust survivor, Renee Salt. Rebecca English, a royal editor for the Daily Mail, reported on X that during the conversation, he spoke on behalf of himself and Kate.

"Both Catherine and I are extremely concerned about the rise in antisemitism," English quoted the prince as saying to Salt. "That's why I'm here today to reassure you all that people do care and people do listen, and we can't let that go."

Kensington Palace also reiterated that Kate was "doing well" in a statement sent to BI on February 29.

"We gave guidance two days ago that The Princess of Wales continues to be doing well," the statement said. "As we have been clear since our initial statement in January, we shall not be providing a running commentary or providing daily updates."

On March 4, 2024, a sunglasses-clad Princess of Wales was seen riding in a car with her mother, Carole Middleton, in photos obtained by Backgrid and shared by TMZ.

According to TMZ, the pair were driving near Windsor Castle when they were photographed, and no other royals or security appeared to accompany them on the drive.

The sighting came as Queen Camilla announced she was taking a break from filling in for her husband at royal engagements until March 11.

On March 5, 2024, outlets like BBC News reported that Kate's name was included on tickets released online to The Colonel's Review, an event the British army hosts amid Trooping the Colour, on June 8. Kate was named the Colonel of The Irish Guards in December 2022, and the Colonel typically participates in the Review.

Many took her inclusion on the tickets as a sign she was on track to return to work in the summer. But then, the army quickly removed all references to Kate after the tickets were released because Kensington Palace had not confirmed she would attend.

A source close to the situation told Business Insider's Mikhaila Friel the army didn't get approval from Kensington Palace to include references to the princess in the tickets, leading to the confusion.

The palace didn't respond to a request for comment from BI on the matter.

March 10, 2024, was Mother's Day in the UK, and to commemorate the occasion, Kensington Palace released the first official portrait of Kate since Christmas.

In the photo, Kate sits in a chair surrounded by her children, who are all giggling. According to the caption they shared on social media alongside the image, William took the picture of his family in 2024, and the photo appeared to come directly from Kate, as she signed the caption, "C," which stands for Catherine.

"Thank you for your kind wishes and continued support over the last two months," she wrote. "Wishing everyone a Happy Mother's Day."

But shortly after it was released, people began to speculate the photo had been edited. Photo editor Patrick Witty told BI's Shubhangi Goel it was "astonishing" the palace released the photo at all because of issues in the image, pointing to areas where the picture is blurred and things that seemed to be added to the shot during the editing process, like a zipper on Kate's jacket.

On March 10, 2024, Reuters, the Associated Press, and the French organization Agence France-Presse sent kill notices for the picture, which means it is no longer available for distribution through their platforms.

Reuters said it removed the picture after a "post-publication review," while the AP said explicitly in its kill notice that it wouldn't distribute the photo because "it appears the source has manipulated the image. No replacement photo will be sent."

Kensington Palace has been accused of editing photos of the royals before, as was the case with the Waleses' 2023 Christmas card, but the photo released on March 10 was the first to be killed by photo agencies.

The palace did not respond to a request for comment on the editing controversy.

On March 11, 2024, Kate released a statement on social media addressing the controversy surrounding the photo, seemingly taking responsibility for the manipulated image.

"Like many amateur photographers, I do occasionally experiment with editing," she wrote on X. "I wanted to express my apologies for any confusion the family photograph we shared yesterday caused. I hope everyone celebrating had a very happy Mother's Day. C."

Notably, Kate signed the statement alone. Kensington Palace typically speaks on behalf of the couple as a unit, and the royals said in their initial post that William took the shot.

The statement didn't appear to convince royal watchers online. Kate was trending on X, and the edited image had been viewed over 72 million times on the platform.

A few hours after the princess posted on X, the Daily Mail released a photo of William and what appeared to be Kate in a car together leaving Windsor Castle.

In the shot, Kate is looking out of the window, so only her profile is visible. According to the outlet, Kate was going to "a private appointment," and William was en route to a Commonwealth Day service at Westminster Abbey.

William was photographed alongside Queen Camilla at the Commonwealth Day service after the photo of him and Kate was published.

On March 17, 2024, The Sun reported that William and Kate were spotted shopping at a "farm shop" near Adelaide Cottage, their home on the grounds of Windsor Castle. But The Sun's coverage didn't include any images of the prince and princess.

Then, on March 18, TMZ and The Sun released a video of what appeared to be William and Kate walking through the market, holding shopping bags.

The video was grainy, and Kensington Palace did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider on the matter.

On March 22, 2024, Kensington Palace uploaded a video of Kate speaking directly to a camera on its social media.

In the video, Kate said that her abdominal surgery in January was successful, but "tests after the operation found cancer had been present."

Her medical team recommended she "undergo a course of preventative chemotherapy" after reviewing the tests, as Kate said in the video. She began treatment in late February, according to a press release shared with BI.

The princess said that the diagnosis was a "shock" and that she and William "have been doing everything we can to process and manage this privately for the sake of our young family," adding that determining how to share the news with their children was difficult.

"As I have said to them, I am well and getting stronger every day by focusing on the things that will help me heal in my mind, body, and spirits," Kate said.

In the press release shared with BI, Kensington Palace said it would not be revealing what kind of cancer Kate had, nor what stage her cancer was.

The release also said Kate would return to work "when she is cleared to do so by her medical team."

In the video, Kate reiterated Kensington Palace's previous requests for privacy.

"We hope that you will understand that, as a family, we now need some time, space, and privacy while I complete my treatment," she said.

To celebrate their 13th anniversary, Kate and William shared a never-before-seen photo from their wedding on Instagram on April 28, 2024.

The caption on the post was simple, reading, "13 years ago today!"

Kensington Palace had not released any official updates, but on May 10, 2024, William said Kate was "doing well" when asked about her health in a video recorded by Sky News.

Kate became Colonel of the Irish Guards in 2022, inheriting the title from Prince William. As the Colonel, she's meant to oversee the Colonel's Review, a rehearsal for Trooping the Colour, the king's official birthday celebration. However, Kate was unable to attend this year.

The Irish Guards shared a letter from Kate on X, in which she apologized for missing the rehearsal, on June 8, 2024.

"Being your Colonel remains a great honour, and I am very sorry that I am unable to take the salute at this year's Colonel's Review," she wrote. "Please pass my whole apologies to the Regiment, however I do hope that I am able to represent you all once again very soon."

On June 14, 2024, Kate announced in a post on Kensington Palace's official social-media accounts that she would attend Trooping the Colour. The event, which took place on June 15, marked Kate's first official appearance of the year and her first since publicly sharing her cancer diagnosis.

In the post, accompanied by a photograph of Kate taken at her home in Windsor, the princess wrote that she was making "good progress" with her chemotherapy treatment, adding that there were "good days and bad days."

"On those bad days you feel weak, tired and you have to give in to your body resting. But on the good days, when you feel stronger, you want to make the most of feeling well," she wrote.

Kate added that her treatment was ongoing but that she was starting to do "a little work from home" and hoped to be able to join other "public engagements over the summer."

"I am learning how to be patient, especially with uncertainty," she added. "Taking each day as it comes, listening to my body, and allowing myself to take this much needed time to heal."

"I'm looking forward to attending The King's Birthday Parade this weekend with my family," she wrote, adding that she is grateful for the public's "continued understanding" and support.

It was announced that King Charles would also attend his official birthday celebration, though he would ride in a carriage instead of on horseback.

During the parade, Kate rode in a carriage with George, Charlotte, and Louis, smiling and waving to the crowd.

She later watched the RAF flyover from Buckingham Palace's balcony alongside William, her children, and other senior members of the royal family, including King Charles.

William and Kate shared photos from Trooping the Colour on their official social-media accounts.

"A memorable day at The King's Birthday Parade," the caption of their post read. "From the Irish Guards Trooping their colour to seeing so many faces on the Mall, thank you for making it a day to remember."

About a month after Trooping the Colour, Kate took another step toward returning to her royal work by attending the Wimbledon Championships men's singles final.

Kate brought her daughter Charlotte, and the pair were photographed watching the match together. She also presented the winner, Carlos Alcaraz, with his trophy.

She said it was "great to be back at Wimbledon" in an Instagram post about the event.

Kate took to Instagram on September 9 to announce she was finished with chemotherapy in a video filmed by Will Warr.

The video showed clips of the Prince and Princess of Wales with their children and Kate's parents.

"As the summer comes to an end, I cannot tell you what a relief it is to have finally completed my chemotherapy treatment," Kate said in a voiceover that played in the video. "The last nine months have been incredibly tough for us as a family. Life as you know it can change in an instant and we have had to find a way to navigate the stormy waters and road unknown."

The Princess of Wales also shared a bit about her experience with cancer in her statement.

"The cancer journey is complex, scary and unpredictable for everyone, especially those closest to you," she said. "With humility, it also brings you face to face with your own vulnerabilities in a way you have never considered before, and with that, a new perspective on everything."

"This time has above all reminded William and me to reflect and be grateful for the simple yet important things in life, which so many of us often take for granted. Of simply loving and being loved," she added.

Although the princess said she was "looking forward to being back at work and undertaking a few more public engagements in the coming months when I can," she made clear that her health was still her priority.

"Doing what I can to stay cancer free is now my focus," she said. "Although I have finished chemotherapy, my path to healing and full recovery is long and I must continue to take each day as it comes."

On Tuesday, Kate visited The Royal Marsden Hospital in Chelsea, where she received her chemotherapy treatments.

She connected with staff and patients during her visit, and in the caption of an Instagram post she shared after the engagement, Kate said she was in remission.

"It is a relief to now be in remission and I remain focussed on recovery," she said. "As anyone who has experienced a cancer diagnosis will know, it takes time to adjust to a new normal. I am however looking forward to a fulfilling year ahead. There is much to look forward to. Thank you to everyone for your continued support."

In the post, Kate also thanked the staff who took care of her.

"I wanted to take the opportunity to say thank you to The Royal Marsden for looking after me so well during the past year," she said. "My heartfelt thanks goes to all those who have quietly walked alongside William and me as we have navigated everything."

"We couldn't have asked for more," Kate said. "The care and advice we have received throughout my time as a patient has been exceptional."

William and Kate have become joint patrons of the hospital, and the Princess of Wales said in her post that she hoped to use her position to support "groundbreaking research and clinical excellence" and promote "patient and family well-being."

Middleton wore a black, military-esque coat by Catherine Walker with buttons down its bodice and epaulettes on its shoulders.

She completed the look with a black hat, semi-sheer tights, leather heels, and the late Queen's pearl earrings from her Silver Jubilee.

Her Alexander McQueen coat had a high neckline, multiple pockets, and a long pleated skirt.

She wore it with a handful of accessories in rich tones and textured fabrics, like dark velvet boots, brown leather gloves, and a green, wide-brimmed hat adorned with ribbon.

She wore a burgundy pantsuit designed by Roland Mouret with matching pumps and a baby-pink blouse. The shirt's long bow added a feminine flair to her outfit.

The Prince of Wales wore a blue suit with a red tie, which matched Kate's vibrant red suit.

Alexander McQueen designed her asymmetrical blazer and pleated pants, which she wore with red heels, a matching clutch, and geometric earrings from Chalk.

Her houndstooth-print Catherine Walker coat was red and white, mirroring the colors of both rugby teams.

The BBC reported that, on the day of the match, the Prince of Wales described his wife's attire as "diplomatic," though she was rooting for England. Her team went on to win the game.

Designed by Erdem, her navy-blue outfit included a fitted blazer top with peplum detailing at the waist, and a mermaid-style skirt that flared just above her ankles.

She wore the outfit with velvet pumps and a wide hat.

Rather than wearing true green as most do on St. Patrick's Day, the Princess of Wales opted for a Catherine Walker coatdress in a shade of teal often referred to as "St. Patrick's Blue," as People reported.

The color also matched the plumes the 1st Battalion of Irish Guards wore in their hats. It was a fitting choice for Kate as she inherited the title of Colonel of the battalion from William in December 2022.

She paired the look with coordinating shoes from Gianvito Rossi and a hat designed by Jane Taylor London.

The Waleses marked the full family appearance with coordinating blue ensembles, and Kate chose another Catherine Walker coatdress for the occasion. It had a two-toned lapel and pocket detailing.

A matching hat and nude heels tied the look together.

Kate's emerald dress was designed by Suzannah London. She wore it with white-and-black shoes from Alessandra Rich.

The gown's detailing and slightly puffy sleeves created a more relaxed but still professional look.

Designed by Elie Saab, the powder-blue dress had a sheer overlay and was covered in velvet embellishments.

An oversize bow sat on her neck, and a coordinating hat with a large flower completed the ensemble.

Even better, the look was recycled. Kate previously wore it to the 2019 Royal Ascot.

Puffy sleeves and a ruffled neckline gave the navy polka-dot dress from Alessandra Rich a feminine feel. 

She paired the look with a white clutch and black-and-white heels.

First worn by the princess to Wimbledon in 2021, the Beulah London dress had short sleeves. Buttons lined the bodice, and it belted at the waist.

White shoes accented the summery outfit, just one of the pink looks she wore over the summer.

The white dress was designed by her go-to designer, Alessandra Rich. Polka dots covered the form-fitting, long-sleeved dress, which cinched at the waist.

A black hat with polka-dot feathering and black-and-white shoes completed the ensemble.

Kate also showed off her curtsying skills at the event.

Kate chose another Beulah London dress for the polo game, which William played in, this time in pale blue.

The long-sleeve dress flowed to Kate's ankles, and it was covered in stripes of floral print. 

She paired it with nude heels.

The dress from Self-Portrait had a shirt-like bodice, with a collar, large buttons down the center, and pocket detailing.

It cinched at the waist with a belt, creating a peplum silhouette, while the ruched skirt flowed to Kate's ankles.

She paired the dress with a purple brooch and nude heels.

Kate wore a green suit from Burberry to visit the textile company, AW Hainsworth.

The jacket was slim-fitted while the pants were slightly wider, giving her a long look. A white blouse and gold jewelry completed the professional ensemble. 

The cream ensemble was designed by Sézane, consisting of a sweater with button detailing on the sleeves and a pencil skirt.

The sweater material of the ensemble made it feel perfect for fall. Kate paired the effortless ensemble with cream shoes and a matching purse. 

During a visit to Moray, Scotland, Kate paired a checked Burberry jacket with flared jeans and boots, and she added a red flower to her lapel.

Her jacket subtly matched William's green outerwear, and the pattern was the perfect fit for a visit to Scotland. 

The princess turned to Catherine Walker for her dress in November, when she was ceremonially welcomed by the president and first lady of the Republic of Korea. 

The red coatdress flowed past her knee, draping over her arms almost like a wrap. An asymmetrical bow on the gown's collar acted as a modern touch, and coordinating red shoes, a red purse, and a red hat tied the look together. 

Kate tapped menswear bespoke tailor Chris Kerr for her cream coat, which flowed to her ankles.

She paired the structured coat with a white blouse, matching high-waisted trousers, nude shoes, and a mini-purse. The outfit looked both trendy and timeless. 

Jenny Packham designed the knee-length dress Kate donned for Trooping the Colour 2024, which marked her first public appearance of the year. The Princess of Wales announced she was undergoing chemotherapy in March 2024.

The dress was upcycled, as Kate was previously seen wearing it at a luncheon before King Charles' coronation in May 2023. But Packham added a black-and-white bow and altered the belt to give it a second stripe for Trooping the Colour, making it look new.

She paired the dress with a coordinating white hat, pointed-toe heels, and the Irish Guards Regimental Brooch on her lapel to highlight her role as Colonel of the Irish Guards.

Kate attended the men's final of Wimbledon 2024 with Princess Charlotte at her side.

She arrived in a purple dress designed by Safiyaa London. The dress featured cap sleeves, a cinched waist, and a tea-length skirt with pleats. Ruching on the bodice added dynamism to the boatneck bodice, as did a navy brooch shaped like a bow.

Nude shoes and a pair of sunglasses completed the ensemble. 

Alexander McQueen designed the double-breasted burgundy coatdress Kate wore to the ceremony, which was the first she attended in 2024.

Her coordinating hat was from Sahar Millinery, and Kate played up the autumnal vibes of her look with brown gloves, a brown Chanel clutch, and brown knee-high boots from Gianvito Rossi.

She chose pearly jewelry to complete the ensemble, including a four-strand choker Queen Elizabeth and Princess Diana both wore in the past.
 

The Prince and Princess of Wales participated in the royal family's annual walk through Sandringham on Christmas with their children, and Prince William, Prince George, Prince Louis, and Princess Charlotte all wore navy ensembles. 

Instead of matching her family, Kate donned an emerald green coat from Alexander McQueen with a matching beret from Gina Foster. She wore black boots and gloves with the look, but the standout accessory of her ensemble was her navy and green tartan scarf, which connected her look to her family members' outfits. 

It complemented Charlotte's look in particular, as Charlotte's blue coat featured a checked pattern.

Sawai won the Golden Globe for best female actor in a drama series for her performance in "Shōgun."

She raised her award in excitement after her win, smiling gleefully.

During the evening, the cast and crew of "Wicked" that attended the Golden Globes, including Jon M. Chu, Michelle Yeoh, and Jeff Goldblum, toasted each other with glasses of bubbly.

Cynthia Erivo's and Ariana Grande's hands were visible at the bottom of the photo as they raised their glasses.

Yeoh, who plays Madame Morrible in "Wicked," wrapped Erivo in a tight hug and smiled softly at the camera.

Erivo leaned into the embrace, closing her eyes.

Edebiri and Zendaya posed with their arms around each other during the Golden Globes.

Zendaya changed out of the custom Louis Vuitton dress she wore on the red carpet before they were photographed.

The "Dune" costars hugged at Chalamet's table, where Zendaya was also photographed greeting Kylie Jenner.

Chalamet brought Jenner as his date to the awards show, though she didn't walk the red carpet with him.

The couple had plenty of PDA moments throughout the night, including a kiss where Jenner sweetly cupped Chalamet's face.

Gomez and Blanco sat side-by-side throughout the night, sneaking in a kiss between the segments of the awards show.

Gomez and Zoe Saldaña were nominated as supporting actors for their performances in "Emilia Pérez," and Saldaña won.

The actor was thrilled, but Gomez almost seemed happier than Saldaña was herself, jumping to her feet and clapping for her costar.

Moore's performance in "The Substance" earned her the Golden Globe for best female lead actor in a motion picture musical or comedy.

Moore gave an emotional acceptance speech, and afterward, Garfield and Washington, who presented the award, cheered her on as they accompanied her offstage.

Scott and Edebiri, who were both wearing bold suits for the evening, embraced when they found each other at the Golden Globes.

The pair appeared to stay locked in their hug while they caught up.

The pair, who both took their parents to the Golden Globes, wrapped their arms around each other while taking photos.

Powell and Qualley are set to star in A24's "Huntington" together.

The trio sat together at the "A Complete Unknown" table for the Golden Globes, chatting and giggling during the awards show.

They also posed for several photos, including this shot where they looked over their shoulders at the camera.

Fanning sat between Barbaro and Jenner, hugging the two women as they looked at Jenner's phone for the photo.

Domingo and Culkin spoke to each other for Variety's Actors on Actors series in December. During their conversation, Culkin spoke to Domingo about the array of bracelets he's often spotted wearing in public.

When they spoke, Culkin told Domingo he switched the bracelets out every month or so, and he appeared to be showing him his updated collection at the Golden Globes.

Youssef and Stone filmed "Poor Things" together, so the Golden Globes offered them the chance to reunite.

They both grinned widely at each other as they hugged.

Ariana and Joan Grande were together throughout the evening, standing up to pose for a photo between segments of the awards show.

Photographer Christopher Polk captured Urban and Kidman, who have been married for nearly 19 years, hugging from their seats at the Golden Globes.

Both closed their eyes and smiled during the embrace, seemingly lost in their own world.

Michael Buckner snapped a shot of Chalamet and Jenner, who are largely private about their relationship, leaning in for a kiss at their table.

Moore walked the red carpet in a custom Armani Privé gown, which was strapless and crafted from a metallic fabric that shifted between silver and gold.

Unfortunately, the blended shades washed Moore out, and its mermaid-style skirt distracted from its unique, asymmetrical bodice.

Less would have been more for Wong's Golden Globes ensemble this year.

She wore a red Balenciaga gown covered in curled frills and embellished with a satin bow around the waist. Black, over-the-elbow gloves and thick plastic glasses completed the look.

The comedian could have improved her overall outfit by eliminating her arm accessories and swapping her chunky glasses for more delicate ones.

You couldn't miss Scott when he arrived on the red carpet. The "Ripley" star wore a Vivienne Westwood suit in a vibrant blue shade, a matching tie, and black dress shoes.

His fashion risk was appreciated, and he did stand out among other male celebrities at the event. That said, its color was a bit too bold and reminiscent of a Tiffany and Co. jewelry box.

The black long-sleeved top, yellow pleated skirt, and gold buckle belt Hahn wore would have been great for a date or dinner with friends.

However, the outfit was too casual for the prestigious awards ceremony. The same shirt made from shiny silk, a different belt, and a slightly shorter skirt could have elevated the look.

Christian Siriano designed McCarthy's two-piece outfit, which included a hot-pink pantsuit and an oversize, ruffled cape.

The baby-pink shade on the latter piece complemented McCarthy and would have looked stunning in the form of a gown. However, the pantsuit and cape combination she wore overpowered the actor.

Ramos arrived in a gray suit that was sharply tailored and looked chic. But there was one thing he could have changed: the non-functional belt that sat wrapped around his waist.

Instead, it would have been fun to see the actor embellish his outfit with a statement brooch, a unique tie, or even a more interesting shirt.

Klum brought her signature, sultry style to the Golden Globes with a strapless green gown. It had a deep neckline, ruched fabric, and diamond-shaped cutouts across its bodice.

Still, the model has worn many similar dresses in the past. It would have been fun to see Klum experiment with something even bolder and more high-fashion this time around.

Stéphane Rolland designed Russell's cream dress to look like a suit, with a plunging neckline and a slit in the center of the skirt mimicking the look of a jacket and pants. Lapel detailing and an oversize belt completed the illusion.

The look was fun, but a layer of straight fabric flowed down from the back, making the dress look boxy and unnaturally stiff. Without the additional fabric on the back, it would have been stronger.

Hayek chose a burgundy Gucci dress for the Golden Globes. Sequins covered the halter bodice, and the sparkles reappeared on the train, flowing from the form-fitting skirt. She wore a green necklace with the look.

The dress felt disjointed and would have been more cohesive if there were any sparkles on the skirt to connect the bodice and train.

The longtime couple arrived in different shades of green.

Brody wore an emerald suit from Prada. It consisted of a double-breasted jacket and coordinating pants. He wore a white flower on his lapel.

Meester's sage gown from Versace was figure-hugging with a cowl neckline and a subtle sparkle.

The Sandlers both wore black to the Golden Globes.

Jackie Sandler's Tom Ford dress was backless, and the halter neckline was attached with a gold choker. The bodice featured a cutout that flowed nearly to her waist while a train extended behind her.

Adam Sandler's look was monochromatic, as he paired a black shirt and tie with his suit.

Danson, who was honored with the Carol Burnett Award at this year's Golden Globes, walked the red carpet in a navy tuxedo and a velvet bow tie.

The strapless neckline of Steenburgen's black dress had a square cutout in the center, contrasting with the white flowers that adorned the bodice. She wore a black scarf around her neck, flowing behind her like a train.

Tennon walked the red carpet in a traditional suit and sneakers, keeping his outfit simple to let his wife shine.

Davis, who was given the Golden Globes' Cecil B. DeMille Award, wore a black sparkly gown with a dazzling cape across her shoulders. The cape shined with rainbow colors as she walked beneath the event's lights.

Bagshawe and Redmayne both wore patterned looks to the Golden Globes.

Bagshawe's long-sleeve dress was taupe, and it featured billowy sleeves that cinched at the wrist with ruffles, as did the high neckline. Gold polka dots adorned the dress, and the skirt had tiers of ruffles, creating a maximalist look.

Redmayne's black-and-white look consisted of a checked jacket and pants paired with a cream top. He wore the shirt with the collar popped up and completed the outfit with black shoes.

Miles Teller kept his look classic, donning a black tuxedo for the Golden Globes.

Keleigh Sperry Teller's semi-sheer blue dress was covered in intricate beading. Velvet fabric sat atop the halter neckline, offsetting a cutout in the center of the bodice.

The newly engaged couple coordinated their elegant looks.

Gomez wore a dusty-blue gown with off-the-shoulder sleeves and extra fabric that she draped across her arm, while Blanco stood beside her in a fuzzy white suit and a matching shirt embellished with lace detailing.

Stan brought a fun twist to classic menswear with a long suit jacket and skinny trousers — both of which had white stripes down each side.

Wallis stood out in a sparkling pink gown with a corseted bodice and ruched neckline.

Cyrus arrived in a black, floor-length gown designed by Celine.

It featured a halter neckline that plunged to her navel and was trimmed with silver beading, as were cutouts on the bodice. The neckline and cutouts formed a flower.

The back of the dress was open, with strips of sparkly fabric connecting the gown.

Louis Vuitton designed Zendaya's orange gown.

The form-fitting piece had a sweetheart neckline and hit Zendaya at the ankle. A train attached to Zendaya's waist flowed out behind her.

She wore Bulgari jewelry.

Instead of wearing a traditional suit, Stan's black jacket flowed to his calf and was trimmed with white, giving it a modern flair.

His black pants ruched around his legs, and he wore black shoes.

Kidman's silver dress had one shoulder strap and was backless, creating a design that was elegant in front and daring from behind.

The custom Balenciaga piece was also covered in silver sparkles and had a train that glided as she walked.

The actor completed her outfit with a ponytail.

The Rock posed in a shiny lilac top and a jacket in a slightly lighter shade of purple. He added a colorful brooch to his lapel and donned see-through sunglasses.

Black pants and shoes completed the look.

Instead of opting for a simple, little black dress, Paulson wore a dramatic gown decorated with feathers.

The strapless piece had a short train, a fitted waist, and a sweetheart neckline.

Paulson also wore vibrant blush and a statement choker necklace.

Louis Vuitton custom-made Stone's red gown, which was strapless and puffed at the hips.

The dress also had a satin belt that extended out on one side, and Stone debuted a short haircut.

Delevingne chose a sparkly look for the night, wearing a high-neck, blue dress that was sleeveless.

Gems trimmed the neckline, adding even more glamour to the look.

Qualley's white dress had a square neckline, which was adorned with delicate beading.

The dress cinched at her waist with a shiny black bow, and the skirt featured tiers of ruffles that almost seemed to hover around Qualley.

Grande's archival Givenchy Haute Couture gown first debuted in 1966, when Hubert de Givenchy's designs were heavily inspired by Audrey Hepburn.

The yellow silk dress was hand-beaded on the empire waist bodice. The skirt flowed to her ankles and was slightly ruched. White gloves and Swarovski jewels completed the retro look.

Domingo played with patterns with his black and white Golden Globes look, which was designed by Valentino.

His suit was black, and he paired it with a white top covered in black polka dots. He wore a scarf in place of a tie that formed a bow on his neckline, which featured both a checked pattern and stripes.

Winslet's single-breasted, white suit included a slightly oversize jacket and flared pants.

Black sparkly flowers were embroidered into the jacket on the bodice and sleeve, adding dimension to the look.

Davis' black gown featured a V-neckline and an A-line shape. The skirt flowed to the floor after being cinched at her waist.

The gown was covered in delicate sparkly beading, which complemented the semi-sheer, multicolored cape attached to it.

Saldaña chose a brown Saint Laurent dress for the Golden Globes.

The sparkly gown hugged her figure and curved into a plunge on the strapless neckline. She accessorized the look with a coordinating detached cape that functioned as a train.

Hudson's navy ball gown, designed by Carolina Herrera, had a strapless neckline and full skirt. The dress was covered in sparkly floral embellishments that glittered as she walked the red carpet.

A coordinating choker necklace tied the look together.

Daddario mixed textures with her custom Vivienne Westwood dress.

The asymmetrical neckline was covered in voluminous white feathers that spilled over the bodice, while the rest of the dress was made of sparkly black fabric.

Redmayne chose a black and cream-patterned suit for the Golden Globes.

The slim-fit ensemble's jacket and pants featured a checked pattern. He paired the bold set with an off-white shirt with a popped-up collar. Black shoes grounded the look.

Gunning, who is nominated for her performance in "Baby Reindeer," arrived at the awards show in a velvet blue dress.

A ruffled, voluminous layer of fabric covered the neckline of the dress, contrasting with the figure-hugging skirt.

Kaling arrived in a sparkly gold gown from Ashi Studio.

The form-fitting dress, which shimmered as Kaling walked the red carpet, had a strapless neckline and a slit on the side.

Milioti, who was nominated for her performance in "The Penguin," chose a simple black dress for the Golden Globes.

The gown's neckline was trimmed with angular, sparkly fabric designed to look like leaves, giving it a chic pop. That same trim was attached to Milioti's black gloves.

Fanning's glamorous taupe gown from Balmain featured a full skirt, which cinched at the waist.

The V-neck bodice brought a modern edge to the gown's classic shape, as the top was covered in leopard-print fabric. Cartier jewelry completed the look.

Adam Brody put a fresh twist on menswear with his deep-green suit from Prada. The double-breasted jacket had black hardware, and he accessorized with a white flower on one of his black lapels.

Black shoes completed the look.

The neckline of Kravitz's black gown plunged nearly to her navel, where a white ribbon cinched her waist.

The bow flowed out behind her in place of a train. Saint Laurent designed the dress.

Gucci designed the shimmering gold dress Gonzalez chose for the Golden Globes.

The figure-hugging dress was sleeveless and featured a high neckline, contrasting with the back, which was nearly entirely open aside from thin ties.

Brosnahan's deep-green gown was covered in architectural detailing, from the ruching across the bodice that flowed into one sleeve to a thigh-high slit on the skirt that allowed the fabric to cascade around her leg.

The dress also featured a subtle ombré, turning nearly blue at the bottom of the skirt.

Meester's sage-green dress featured a cowl neck that dipped low on her chest.

She accessorized with a simple diamond necklace and bracelet.

Age: 37

Job: Digital marketer and content creator

When she knew she didn't want to have kids: Romero told BI she knew from a young age, as she spent much of her adolescence helping to care for her younger siblings.

Why she doesn't want them: Romero is the oldest of three children, and because of the large age gap with her siblings, she did a lot of childcare growing up. She understood the sacrifices people make when they have children, and it wasn't something she wanted for herself.

"I grew up very much understanding not just the Disney version or what the media portrays as having kids, but the more realistic version of having kids," she said.

She also thinks the American government and society don't do enough to support parents, particularly mothers.

"Women are very much taking on the burden of motherhood, as well as everything else, by themselves," she said. "I personally don't think that's fair."

"There's also something to be said about the fact that motherhood is just not for everybody," she added. "I have so much ambition. There are so many things I want to do."

How people have responded to her choice: "I have been lucky that I have surrounded myself with friends and family who have always respected my decision," she said.

Romero said she sometimes gets pushback from people she isn't close to but looks inward for acceptance instead of outward.

"I have stopped trying to get validation from people who don't understand my decision-making," she added.

What she's most excited about for her future: "As a content creator, I'm very passionate about human rights and collective liberation," Romero told BI.

"I'm excited to have the time, and the space, and the purpose to be able to do these things," she said. "I am a child of immigrant parents, and I'm looking forward to being a voice for that experience."

Age: 26

Job: Project manager, personal assistant, and bookkeeper in the music industry

When she knew she didn't want to have kids: In 2020, Chantal became friends with a woman who wouldn't have kids.

"I had in my head that I was going to grow up, get married, and have three children," she said. "When she said that, it was like, 'Oh, you can choose to do that. That's an option.'"

"I really started to self-reflect on why I wanted children," she said. "Did I actually want kids, or was I just conditioned to want children?"

Why she doesn't want them: Chantal said her mental health is one of the biggest reasons she wants to remain child-free. She told BI she is a victim of sexual assault and thinks giving birth, breastfeeding, and raising a child could be triggering for her.

"I don't normally tell people this, but there might be somebody out there that has this conflict, and I want people to know that they're not alone," she added. "My mental health is really important, and I don't want to put myself through that. And I also don't want to put my child through that because kids can pick up on things."

Chantal also said that she just doesn't think kids are something she needs to feel fulfilled and joyful.

"I have friends with kids, and they're the sweetest little things, but I really value my peace and being able to come home to peace and quiet," she said.

How people have responded to her choice: "My parents, of course, were initially sad," Chantal said. "But when I sat them down and told them my reasons, they were like, 'You know, it sounds like you really thought this through.'"

She also said she surrounded herself with people who don't want children, both in person and online, which gave her a sense of community.

Chantal had her fallopian tubes removed at 24 once she decided to remain child-free. Her insurance covered the procedure, and she said she felt relieved when it was done.

"I can remember getting wheeled out and waking up and seeing my partner with the biggest smile on my face," she said. "I was so, so happy."

What she's most excited about for her future: Chantal plans to move to New York with her partner next year. Eventually, they hope to settle in a more remote desert area with their dog.

"I just want to see the world, and I'm excited for my freedom," she said. "It does feel like the possibilities are endless for me."

Age: 37

Job: A therapist and the author of "Toxic Productivity"

When she knew she didn't want to have kids: "The feeling of wanting to have kids just never came," Nasir told BI.

She said her friends often imagined themselves as moms during imaginative play when they were children, but she pretended to be an explorer or adventurer.

"Even when I hit high school, I never really imagined a future where I was having a kid, but at that time, I didn't know that there was a thing of not having kids because everybody around me had children," she said.

"As I grew older, I started realizing this is a thing," she added. "There are some people who don't have children."

Eventually, Nasir realized she had fallen into that group.

Why she doesn't want them: "I'm very happy around kids," Nasir said. "I think they're very interesting. You can learn a lot from them."

However, Nasir told BI she's "not interested in parenting."

"It doesn't fit the lifestyle I've built for myself over the last 15 years," she said. "I would have to shift a lot to accommodate a child."

"I'm a therapist, and I know how important it is to have parents who are present, connected, and engaged," Nasir continued. "I think that my role in the world is different."

"Everybody has a role that they take on in this world, and when people have kids, a lot of their life, especially for the first five years, starts revolving around their children," Nasir said, adding that she's "not able to do that."

How people have responded to her choice: Nasir said she and her husband were on the same page about not having kids but her choice has been more surprising for other family members.

"I'm South Asian. This is a very big part of our culture, so I definitely got a lot of disappointment and anger from my mom," she said, adding that her mom still has not accepted her decision.

She also thinks her dad is sad about not being a grandpa, and some of her friends have expressed that she and her husband would have been great parents.

"I make a lot of space for other people's grief on this because they lose something when I make a decision," Nasir said. "It doesn't mean that I'm not entitled to it, and it does not mean that I have to feel guilty about it."

What she's most excited about for her future: "I am excited about building something that I can leave behind for others that makes their life a little better," she said. "One person can't change the whole world, but I want to add an impact."

"On a personal level, I'm really excited about being able to have experiences with my partner and have adventures and have a really big life on my terms," she added.

Age: 38

Job: Engineer at a power company

When he knew he didn't want to have kids: Turner reflected on how kids could fit into his life after his father died in 2024. His dad was part of two unplanned pregnancies, including his conception.

"Not to insult myself, but I realized I didn't want to make that same mistake," he said. "That's kind of when I decided this isn't for me."

Turner decided to get a vasectomy when he was 28.

Why he doesn't want them: "I just didn't think that I would be good parent material," Turner told BI.

He said the financial and physical toll of parenting, like a lack of sleep, didn't appeal to him. He also didn't think he could take care of his mental health and be the kind of parent he wanted.

"In this day and age, it's so hard to focus on yourself that I don't know how people can not only focus on their own mental health but also focus on the health of their children on top of working full-time," he said.

How people have responded to his choice: Turner was already married when he decided to get a vasectomy, and he said his wife was supportive of his choice. His mom also supported him, though she was "sad initially" that she wouldn't have grandchildren.

"I tried to explain to her, like, 'Look, it's not because I think you raised me poorly or I had a bad childhood. It's honestly more because I know I will never be as good of parents as you were,'" Turner said.

"I think she understood that, and I think she respects that," he said.

What he's most excited about for his future: Turner told BI he's glad his future is flexible thanks to the independence. He can foster his love of motorcycling or go on a date with his wife without worrying about childcare.

"I can pay for my own retirement, own houses, and just live comfortably," he said.

Age: 33

Job: Marketing professional

When she knew she didn't want to have kids: Hofman said she always knew, on some level, children weren't part of her life plan. In fact, her late grandfather knew she didn't want children before she did.

"I was not the serial dater," she said. "I didn't typically bring folks around, so everyone assumed it was pretty serious when I brought my husband home. Somebody asked something about children, and my grandfather just chimed in and was like, 'She doesn't want kids.'"

"And I was like, 'You know what? I don't,'" she said.

Why she doesn't want them: "I have a lot of ambitions," she said. "I'm not saying a mom can't accomplish a lot of things, but I really value my ability to assign success to myself and not assign success to what I've done for other people in my adult life."

"I think there are many, many things that I would have to prioritize differently if I were to be a mom," Hofman added.

How people have responded to her choice: "One of the things that people tell me often in response to the statement that I don't want children is, 'Oh, but you would be so good at it,'" Hofman said.

"The idea that I would be exceptionally good at it is one of the deterrents," she told BI. "I know myself well enough to know that if I were to become a mother, I would put all of my effort and energy into that child versus myself."

"Whether that's selfish or not, I'm sort of indifferent to that," she said. "I value my relationships as they are, my relationship with my husband and my relationship with myself."

What she's most excited about for her future: Hofman is an aspiring author, so she's looking forward to starting the querying process in 2025.

She also hopes to learn more and travel with her husband. They plan to head to New Zealand together and Disney World with her niece and nephews.

"That was one of the very few things I felt like I might miss out on not becoming a mom is that first time taking kids to Disney, so I'm borrowing my niece and nephews, and we're going to go do that with them," she said.

"There's just a lot of opportunity and things that come with the freedom of not owing your life and raising somebody else. You can raise yourself and go from there," Hofman said.

Age: 38

Job: Nursing home staffer

When she knew she didn't want to have kids: When she was 17, Whitney watched a video of a woman giving birth in a college-level health class. The reality of giving birth shocked her — and made her sure she didn't want to go through the experience herself.

"I didn't tell anyone because you can't say that when you're 17," she told BI. "Nobody will believe you."

"But no matter what phase in life, no matter how old I was, I said, 'A kid is not going to fit in this,'" Whitney added.

Why she doesn't want them: "With the way things have been going and the way things will be, I don't see a reason to bring a child into this world," she said, pointing to the climate crisis as one of her concerns. "I don't feel like it's safe enough."

Whitney also said she doesn't want to take on the physical and mental risks of pregnancy and motherhood. She thinks many people take the responsibility of becoming parents too lightly.

"I know people who really want kids, and they're preparing for that financially and mentally," she said. "But I know too many people who have not … and the kids always suffer."

How people have responded to her choice: Whitney said she is estranged from some of her family members, who are disappointed she isn't having children, even though there are other kids in her family. She also said her decision impacted her dating life.

"For seven years, I was single," Whitney told BI. "That's a large reason I was single for so long."

Whitney has a boyfriend now, and she said she told him early in their relationship that she didn't want to have children.

What she's most excited about for her future: Whitney has fostered a community with other child-free people on social media and said she's eager to keep growing it and connecting with like-minded people.

"I get a lot of enjoyment out of it despite all the negativity," she said. "I told myself there's gotta be at least one person that can relate to what I'm saying."

Age: 55

Job: Retired high-school teacher and content creator

When she knew she didn't want to have kids: Hawk said she never felt the urge to be a mother, even as a child.

Watching her friends become parents made it clear to Hawk that having kids wasn't for her.

"I had so many goals and aspirations for myself," Hawk said. "I knew from my friends who started having kids in their 20s just how much time, effort, and energy, mentally and physically, kids took."

"When I saw real-life examples of exhaustion, I definitely knew it was not the path for me," she added.

Why she doesn't want them: "When you decide to become a parent, you have to be ready for every possible scenario that could come up," Hawk said. "That includes having a child who might have special needs and will need care for the rest of his or her life."

"You have the possibility of the marriage not lasting," she added. "What would it be like to be a single mother?"

"When you think of all the variables that can come up with having children, it was more reasons for me to say I'm not ready to accept any of those variables," Hawk said.

How people have responded to her choice: Hawk didn't have pressure from her family to have children, which made her decision easier.

"I come from a long line of child-free women on both sides of my family," she added. "I always had real-life examples of child-free people thriving in my life."

Still, when she married her ex-husband — who also didn't want children — Hawk said people asked them within hours of the moment they said "I do" when kids were coming.

"At the beginning of the reception, I said, 'Oh, you know, we don't want to have children,' and the pushback I got: 'Oh, you'll change your mind.' 'You're too young.' 'You just got married.'"

"I'm like, 'Can I eat my cake?'" Hawk said.

What she's most excited about for her future: "I am at a point in my life now where I put myself in a really good financial situation," she said. "I live in my own large apartment and have peace and quiet. I travel extensively with my boyfriend and friends. I have such freedom to live my life in a way that is not a grind."

"I just feel completely unfettered and to the point where I can really just have fun, and I think not everybody has that opportunity," she added. "I'm going to take it to the fullest extent I can."

Abbie Stockard, 22, is a nursing student at Auburn University and a member of the college's dance team.

Stockard raises money for cystic fibrosis. She was inspired by her best friend, who was diagnosed with the disorder. In her Miss America bio, she said she hosted the largest fundraiser for the cause in Alabama in 2024, raising over $200,000 for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. The organization named her its 2024 Hero of Hope.

Jordan Naylor, 27, is the American Heart Association's Go Red for Women development director in Anchorage, Alaska.

Naylor wants to educate people about emergency heart aid, ensuring businesses in Anchorage are prepared to help people having cardiac emergencies and that people know hands-only CPR, working with organizations like the AHA and the Anchorage Fire Department.

In her Miss America bio, she also shared that she loves platypuses.

Shailey Ringenbach, 21, is a real-estate agent in Maricopa, Arizona. Her Miss America bio says she became a licensed real-estate agent at just 18 and is one of the youngest sales representatives at D.R. Horton. Ringenbach has sold over $2 million in real estate to date.

She also brought therapy dogs to pageants through her Share the Love: Improving Mental Health Through Pet Therapy initiative.

Camille Cathey, 22, received her undergraduate degree from the University of Alabama, graduating summa cum laude. She will attend the University of Arkansas School of Law.

Cathey is an ambassador for Wish Upon a Teen, an organization that supports teens with severe medical conditions. She also created the Proudly Volunteer initiative, encouraging people to engage in service work across the US.

Cathey said in her Miss America bio that she can perform accents.

Kimberly Vernon, 28, is a marketing consultant from Santa Clara, California.

Vernon spearheads the Arts for All initiative, helping over 40,000 students access arts education. Her Miss America bio says she has raised over $130,000 for the program.

She also said she traveled the globe in just 18 days.

Alexandra Lotko, 27, has her degree in elementary education from the Metropolitan State University of Denver. She lives in Denver today but said in her Miss America bio that she has lived in six states.

Lotko, a twin, is a mental-health advocate through her initiative, It's Okay to Not Be Okay. She also supports the American Heart Association and the Miss America Scholarship Foundation through the Miss America's Ladies Who Launch initiative.

Monica Fenwick, 24, is a speech and language pathologist from Watertown, California. Her work is her passion, and she helped create a Connecticut day of recognition for communication disorders and launched the initiative #CommunicationIsKey to support people with communication disorders.

Fenwick was also a member of the UCA All-American cheerleading team.

Nova Rae Gaffney, 24, is from Milford, Delaware, and works as a professional ballerina. She recently performed the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy in Savannah Ballet Theatre's production of "The Nutcracker."

She also launched the Behind Closed Doors: Domestic Violence Awareness initiative, raising awareness about indicators of domestic violence and the resources available to those dealing with it.

Katie Ann Powell, 26, has an MBA and is a public relations specialist in Washington, DC. Powell also said in her Miss America bio that she played the harp for 20 years, studying at four different universities and performing in seven countries.

Powell also champions financial literacy as the president of Jump$tart Greater Washington and hosts the personal finance podcast "Full Confidence Ahead."

Casana Fink, 26, founded the clothing label The Unverified and is the chief operating officer for More Transplants More Life, a nonprofit organization focused on increasing organ donation. The Ocala, Florida, resident is also an MBA candidate.

Fink dedicates much of her time to raising awareness and support for organ donation. She was named the Donate Life Florida Ambassador of the Year and wrote a children's book about organ donation.

Ludwidg Louizaire, 27, works in marketing in Atlanta. Her initiative, Education for Every Student, promotes equal educational opportunities for students of all socioeconomic backgrounds. It includes legislative efforts and mentorship programs.

Louizaire was named the Boys and Girls Club of America's role model of the year. In her Miss America bio, she also said she could recite every word of the musical "Hamilton."

Hayley Cheyney Kāne, 27, is a preventive medicine educator and doctor-in-training from Kaneohe, Hawai'i. Kāne said in her Miss America bio that she is passionate about educating people about women's heart disease prevention, and she thinks the "aloha" lifestyle of Hawai'i can help combat the disease.

Kāne is the first gay Miss Hawai'i to date. She performed hula dancing and singing simultaneously as her talent during the competition.

Madison Andreason, 22, is from Idaho Falls, Idaho, and studies paralegal studies and political science at Idaho State University.

Andreason was Idaho's representative at the National Speech and Debate Tournament. She modernized an article about domestic violence for the Idaho State Bar and champions healthy living through her initiative Get Up and Get Out.

Breana Bagley, 27, is an attorney from Decatur, Illinois.

Bagley champions awareness for rare diseases, inspired by her mother's experience with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. After helping to found the National Pancreas Foundation's junior board of directors and Camp Hope, she was given the organization's Vision of Hope award for her efforts.

She is also the chair of the National Organization for Rare Disorders Policy and Advocacy Taskforce.

Kalyn Melham, 23, is from Muncie, Indiana. She studied information and communication science at Ball State University and founded the service initiative Acts of Service, advocating for underprivileged communities across the US.

Melham also said in her Miss America bio that she loves film scores, listing Michael Giacchino, Hans Zimmer, and Justin Hurwitz among her favorite composers.

Abigaille Batu-Tiako, 22, got her degree in business management from William Penn University in Oskaloosa, Iowa. She is the first grandchild of 25 in her family to earn a college degree. Batu-Tiako played both soccer and track and field when she attended the school.

She founded the United Voices initiative, encouraging people to celebrate other cultures without appropriating them.

She has also played the trombone for a decade.

Alexis Smith, 25, is a cardiothoracic ICU nurse in Witchita, Kansas.

Smith advocates against domestic abuse, working with organizations like One Love, the Domestic Violence Hotline, and the Kansas Health Foundation to promote healthy relationships and bring awareness to domestic violence. The City of Witchita awarded her an outstanding service award for her efforts.

Smith is also an accomplished ventriloquist, practicing for nearly 20 years.

Chapel Tinius, 24, is a multi-talented contestant with a background in public speaking, extreme running, singing, and playing multiple instruments — namely the fiddle, violin, and harp.

She has two degrees from Belmont University and is now a spokesperson for Kentucky Proud, a local agriculture marketing program, and the Kentucky Department of Agriculture.

According to her Miss America bio, Tinius also runs a fundraising operation called Operation Gratitude: For the Fallen, For the Fighting, For the Veterans. Her grandfather, who served and was injured in WWII, inspired her.

Olivia Grace George, 20, is one of the youngest contestants in this year's Miss America competition. She's an aspiring elementary education teacher and studies at Lousiana Tech University.

She's already gotten her start in the field. George previously collected and donated school supplies for local classrooms and founded an initiative called Education is Key – Knowledge Empowers Youth.

So far, as she shared in her Miss America bio, her efforts have reached over 4,500 students.

Jennie Daley, 28, is a biomedical systems engineer who graduated in the top 4% of her class at the University of Maine's College of Engineering.

In her current position, where she's the youngest staff engineer employed, she's been promoted four times over the past five years.

Daley is now eager to help others achieve similar success in the field. She founded Equity in Engineering: Breaking the Glass Ceiling for Women and Rural America to help the career path become more accessible to diverse workers.

Bridget O'Brien, 23, is studying to earn a master's degree in sports management at the University of Alabama. However, she also dreams of becoming the first member of the Miss America organization to appear on "Dancing With the Stars."

That's partially because O'Brien knows a thing or two about dance. She was previously a member of the USA's tap-dancing team and won two gold medals with the group.

She's also a singer and the founder of Boomerang, an initiative that helps people reframe their failures into opportunities for success.

Kiersten Khoury, 23, owns Savvy Solutions, a coaching business she founded when she was 16.

She's also a real-estate agent who earned her license while in college and holds the title of top sales associate in New England, according to her Miss America bio.

For fun, Khoury is learning Arabic from her father, who spoke the language while living in Lebanon. She's also dedicated to her initiative, Redefining Dyslexia, which educates people about the condition and advocates for those who experience it.

Jenae Lodewyk, 25, works within the NBA as the manager of player and family engagement for the Detroit Pistons. She's held the role for five seasons and is only the third woman in the league's history to be an assistant equipment manager.

The experience has led her to advocate for equal career opportunities in male-dominated fields.

Her Miss America bio says Lodewyk also enjoys watching Broadway shows, sewing, and completing New York Times puzzles with her sisters.

Emily Schumacher, 25, has made her mark on the healthcare industry. Previously named a PHW Hero for Young Hearts Allied Health Professional Advocacy Champion award winner, she now works as a certified nurse's assistant in her local emergency room.

She told the Miss America organization that she's also worked with the American Heart Association and has widely advocated for CPR and AED training.

Becky Williams, 23, is the first woman in her family to graduate from college — and she's determined to help others succeed in education.

Now an elementary school teacher, Williams helped secure full-tuition scholarships at Mississippi State University for winners of their state's local Miss and Miss Teen competitions.

As she said in her Miss America bio, she's also passionate about fitness and started an initiative called Make a Move to help others develop healthy habits. For fun, Williams is learning how to fly planes and has over 10 hours as a pilot in command under her belt.

Ashley Berry, 21, studies journalism and political science at the University of Alabama. Her biggest passion, though, is supporting young professionals.

She's secured a full-tuition scholarship for future Miss Missouri Teen winners and founded a day in her state dedicated to engaging teens in politics. She's also worked to add media literacy lessons to school curriculums and started the Media Smart initiative to further her advocacy.

Berry is a bungee fitness instructor and a professional dancer in her spare time, having previously performed with the Missouri Symphony.

Kaylee Wolfensberger, 20, is a student working toward her degree in business marketing.

That said, she's already had some experience in her field. In 2024, she met with representatives of two NFL teams, the Seattle Seahawks and Miami Dolphins, and discussed women in business leadership roles with them.

She also founded the Healing Harmonies initiative to help provide music education to communities in need.

Raechel Warren, 28, wears many hats. She is a merchandiser and logistics specialist within the agriculture industry and a published researcher.

And that's not to mention her success in figure roller skating, which she's been competing in since childhood. She's now a two-time champion in the sport and aims to skate in all 50 states.

In her Miss America bio, Warren shared that she's also passionate about mentorship and launched her initiative, Passion to Purpose, to help students have access to people who can guide them through life.

Karrina Ferris, 22, has a degree in history and political science, which led her to work the 82nd Nevada legislative session for the Senate majority leader.

She's also a dancer and the creator of a civic education curriculum available across Nevada.

Ferris also founded the service initiative Inform To Reform: Educating America's Future, which focuses on teaching young people about voter participation.

Emily Spencer, 24, is a choreographer, pilates instructor, and professional dancer.

She previously earned her bachelor of fine arts in dance with a minor in biology, graduating fourth in her class and accepting her degree on the Miss New Hampshire stage. Spencer hopes to later earn a doctorate in physical therapy.

Additionally, Spencer founded a nonprofit and adaptive pageant organization called Miss Inspiration, which provides scholarships to women who have disabilities.

Elizabeth Mendel, 23, is a business student and advocate for people who experience eating disorders, like she has in the past.

She's worked with New Jersey assemblywoman Andrea Katz and provided her testimony to help pass two bills in New Jersey that raise awareness of eating disorders. Her initiative, Image is Everywhere, also focuses on the subject.

In her Miss America bio, Mendel said she's also raised over $50,000 for her community and is a twin.

Emille Marie Enriquez, 24, is an emergency room nurse at a level-three trauma center. She's been nominated twice for a Daisy Award, which recognizes excellence in nursing.

To help serve her community, Enriquez has administered vaccines, mentored graduate nurses, and advocated for safe ratios of nurses and patients.

In her Miss America bio, the contestant shared that she lives in a "glamper," or a glamorous camper van, and enjoys shopping at Marshall's with her grandmother.

Abigail Quammen, 25, can be described as a bookworm. Not only is reading one of her biggest hobbies, but she's also an advocate for literacy via her initiative Read to Succeed, which provides students with tutoring and after-school reading programs.

Her work has previously taken her to places like the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy's National Celebration of Reading, where she served as the featured impact speaker.

She previously graduated summa cum laude with a bachelor of arts in musical theater and is now an MBA candidate at New York University.

Carrie Everett, 20, is passionate about taking advantage of your circumstances.

She founded a service initiative called Seize the Opportunity, with which she advocates for equitable access to the Miss America competition. The program works on contestant recruitment, individual funding, and training workshops.

Previously, as she told the Miss America organization, she played tackle football and was the only woman on her team.

Sophia Richards is a North Dakota State University graduate and currently works as a host and producer for North Dakota Today.

The 23-year-old is also a volunteer and mentor for BIO Girls, a preventive mental wellness program in the Midwest. She once performed the national anthem in front of 45,000 people at a country music festival.

Stephanie Finoti, 22, is a biomedical scientist and vocational nurse. She began doing research at the James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cincinnati Children's Hospital when she was just 16 and has been recognized for her work by the Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine.

Finoti also founded a nonprofit organization to help provide mentorship and tutoring to over 10,000 marginalized students.

Lauren Frost, 25, graduated from Northeastern State University with a degree in corporate communication. She is currently training as a public information officer at the Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drug Control.

Frost is a brand ambassador for the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption and the Gladney Center for Adoption and a speaker at the National Adoption Conference.

Abigail Hoppe is an elementary school teacher and has received the James B. Conway Award for excellence in teaching. Her social initiative is dedicated to mentoring and educating those with type 1 diabetes.

The 26-year-old is also a licensed makeup artist and entrepreneur, running her own business outside the classroom.

Paige Weinstein is a flight attendant and pilot-in-training for Delta Air Lines. She was diagnosed with melanoma at the age of 26 and now advocates for early detection.

The 27-year-old founded the nonprofit Beauty for All, offering the first beauty subscription box catered to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Weinstein is also obsessed with pickles and attends the country's largest pickle festival every year.

Wilma Victoria Richiez has a biology degree from the University of Puerto Rico at Bayamón. She is completing a post-baccalaureate program at the National Institutes of Health and plans to apply to a JD/Ph.D. program in neuroscience and science policy.

The 23-year-old is the first Miss Puerto Rico to compete at Miss America since 2017. She is using her platform to help provide education opportunities to disadvantaged communities in Puerto Rico.

Ali Hornung, 24, graduated from the University of Rhode Island with degrees in global business, German, and human development.

Hornung is a pediatric cancer advocate who has raised over $700,000. She founded the Glimmer of Hope Foundation and has distributed more than 700 bald dolls to children battling cancer around the world. She currently collaborates with the Biden Cancer Moonshot.

Davis Wash, 24, is a marketing consultant for a land and agriculture firm and an advocate for the children of incarcerated parents.

Wash is a national brand ambassador for Proverbs 22:6 and has accompanied over 270 children to visit their parents in prisons across South Carolina. She is also a partner with the American Correctional Association, striving to provide mentorship and resources to at-risk youth.

Joelle Simpson, 21, is an accomplished figure skater. She is South Dakota's first and only four-time gold medalist in figure skating and a national bronze medalist in synchronized skating.

Simpson is also a professional harpist and hosts a science documentary series called "Nurturing Nature," where she has handled snakes and explored raptor rehabilitation.

Carley Vogel, 24, is studying for a degree in music business at Middle Tennessee State University. Through her social initiative, Carley 4 the Kids, she has raised over $1.9 million for Children's Miracle Network Hospitals.

Vogel is also an advocate for organ donation, serving as an ambassador for Donate Life Tennessee and Tennessee Donor Services. She volunteers on the transplant floor at Children's Miracle Network Hospitals and was honored as a national advocate by the American Liver Foundation in 2023.

Annette Addo-Yobo, 26, holds master's degrees in clinical psychology and business administration.

Addo-Yobo advocates for autism awareness through her social initiative, The S.P.A.R.K. Project. She has partnered with nonprofits, including Best Buddies International and Autism Speaks.

Paris Matthews, 26, works as a certified child life specialist in the emergency department at Primary Children's Hospital. She is also a graduate student, children's book author, and founder of a charity that advocates for hospitalized children.

Matthews has made it to the national Miss America stage after competing 13 times to win her first local title.

Meara Seery, 24, has worked as a digital producer for Sen. Bernie Sanders and is currently a marketing director.

In 2024, Seery helped break the Guinness World Record for most pledges to clean up trash in a 24-hour period. She is an advocate for the environment and sustainable agriculture.

Carlehr Swanson, 28, graduated from George Mason University and the Frost School of Music. She is a Ph.D. candidate in critical and comparative studies in music.

Swanson performs in nursing homes and uses her social initiative, Music is Unity, to teach students about the benefits of music.

Hermona Girmay, 24, is a graduate of the University of Washington School of Public Health. She became an advocate for type 1 diabetes after nearly losing her life to the autoimmune disease due to a prolonged misdiagnosis.

Girmay is also an advocate for gender and education equality. Through her nonprofit, she has donated books and school supplies and works to advance scholarship opportunities for women.

Jennifer Reuther, 26, is a practicing physician assistant. She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when she was 7 and has since raised more than $10,000 for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.

Reuther has volunteered at rural health clinics across her state, helping to provide preventive screenings and medical services.

Mandi Genord, 22, was a triple major at the University of Alabama, where she studied dance, political science, and communication. She will begin law school in the fall of 2025 and aspires to become a family lawyer specializing in adoption.

Genord is an adoption advocate and has partnered with Adoption Choice Inc. and the National Council for Adoption.

Baylee Drewry, 22, is a law student and squadron commander for an auxiliary Air Force unit dedicated to finding crashed planes.

Drewry advocates for female athletes through her Promote Girls and Women in Sports social initiative.

City: New York City and Tel Aviv

Year founded: 2019

Total funding: $64.31 million

What it does: Agora is a financial software firm that helps real-estate investors process payments, keep track of tax records, raise money, and generally organize data.

Why it's hot: The firm, which raised a $34 million Series B round in May, said it helps landlords and developers with much-needed modernization.

"Real estate is the largest asset class in the world. However, the market still relies on legacy software providers, inefficient workflows, outdated, fragmented systems, and manual, tedious work," Asaf Raz, Agora's head of marketing, told Business Insider.

"Investors expect a digital-first experience — they're tech-savvy and need access to information quickly. Firms can't work without it, and clients need a platform like Agora more than ever," Raz said.

A challenge it faces: Real-estate investors are still grappling with relatively high interest rates, which makes it harder to borrow money and scale up, and the relatively high price of materials, which makes it tougher to renovate or upgrade properties. Those market forces could make customers more reluctant to spend money on new software.

Agora CEO Bar Mor told business news site Pulse 2.0 earlier this month, however, that Agora might still appeal to customers because its suite of products could help them "enhance efficiency and save costs."

City: New York

Year founded: 2021

Total funding: $5.1 million

What it does: Arcol is a web browser-based design tool predominantly used by architects to create and collaborate on 3D models of buildings and explore their feasibility.

Why it's hot: Architects — Arcol's target audience — have traditionally relied on software design tools like AutoCAD and Revit, which require paid licenses and aren't as collaborative. Arcol has set out to solve that issue with a browser-based format easily shared and edited by anyone involved in a building project.

"These people are core to our society; they're literally building the built world, yet they hate using their tools," said Paul O'Carroll, the son of an architect and founder of Arcol. "The design tool we use to design buildings, we want to rethink for the browser to be collaborative and to be performant."

So far, demand is high. Arcol, run by a team of six, has a waitlist of over 18,000 users, O'Carroll said.

A challenge it faces: There are several other startups in the BIM, or Business Information Modeling, space. Competing with established players like Revit could take a lot of time and money, according to AEC Magazine. (AEC stands for architecture, engineering, and construction.)

Also, Arcol is currently only useful to architects during the conceptual modeling phase, and the company hopes to expand the tool to help with other stages of construction.

City: New York City

Year founded: 2018

Total funding: $11.76 million

What it does: Branch Furniture sells office products, like chairs and desks, to businesses and directly to consumers.

Why it's hot: The company's first iteration sold office furniture the old way: B2B, catering to employers outfitting a huge space who would often purchase items in bulk. After the pandemic changed how (and how often) workers occupied offices, Branch pivoted to sell to regular people — wherever they work.

"We launched our D2C business to cater to the future of work, which was definitively hybrid, both during COVID and after — and that's where we sit today," Sib Mahapatra, cofounder of Branch Furniture, told Business Insider.

Branch's ergonomic chair is a bestseller with a 4.6 rating out of five with over 6,000 reviews — it's rated among the best in its category by Business Insider, Architectural Digest, and Wired for its adjustability and sleek design.

In addition to desk chairs — in colors that range from a standard black to salmon-y orange hue called "poppy," the company also sells desks and lamps to outfit a home office. Its inventory includes meeting tables and even phone booths ($6,395) for more commercial office spaces.

A challenge it faces: Branch's products are physical, so it's been plagued by supply-chain delays. Branch is also up against competitors in the good-looking-furniture-that-is-also-comfortable arena, including Herman Miller and Steelcase — though Branch's offerings are often cheaper.

The company is also gaining ground regarding velocity, or the speed at which new products are developed and released.

"We're learning a lot about the pace of iteration in our product category," Mahapatra said. "It's definitely not software, but the benefit is that you get more time to really get things right and to iterate with purpose, and you end up being a little bit more deliberate about how you iterate the product — it just takes longer."

City: Oakland, California

Year founded: 2022

Total funding: $6.67 million

What it does: BuildCasa helps California homeowners subdivide their lots — thanks to new state laws — and then connects them with local builders who pay the homeowners for a portion of their land and then build new housing on it.

Why it's hot: The national housing crisis is particularly acute in California, which recently passed a series of laws to encourage more building. While others look to transform construction to make cheaper housing, BuildCasa uses technology instead to find more buildable lots in desirable locations like San Francisco and San Jose.

Most massive home-building companies focus on large, master-planned communities, often far from city centers. BuildCasa's vision, said its founders Ben Bear, CEO, and Paul Stiedl, CPO, is to become a large homebuilder focused instead on finding land in already desirable cities and suburbs.

The company works with homeowners to subdivide their land, creating a new, buildable lot. Those lots can then be sold to a local real-estate developer to build on, or BuildCasa can work in partnership with a local builder to erect and then sell a completed home.

A challenge it faces: New laws have simplified the process of subdividing lots, but building in infill areas still requires technical expertise and good relationships with local officials. Building on these smaller lots may be becoming easier, but it still isn't easy.

City: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Year founded: 2018

Total funding: $14.68 million

What it does: Conservation Labs developed a smart water sensor that can identify leaks and wasteful water use. The H2know sensor uses machine learning to decode sounds in water pipes and translate them into insights for commercial property owners, including restaurants and hotels.

Why it's hot: The startup is at the intersection of two buzzy topics: AI and sustainability. H2know trains on thousands of hours of water pipe acoustics so that, over time, it becomes more accurate in detecting leaks and inefficient water use in buildings. Customers use that information to fix problems and conserve water, saving them money on utility bills while lowering their overall carbon footprint. Some 20% of home energy use goes to heating water.

"There's a very strong relationship between net-zero carbon emissions and water consumption," said Mark Kovscek, founder and CEO of Conservation Labs.

He added that H2know has detected leaky toilets in nearly every building in which it's installed. Some large properties are wasting 1 million gallons of water a year, he said.

A challenge it faces: H2know starts at $129, and it could be hard to convince cash-strapped commercial real estate owners to spend money to install sensors when the office market is struggling in many parts of the US.

Kovscek said the goal is to scale up to 100,000 sensors installed as soon as possible, or five times what Conservation Labs is currently on track to sell this year. To support that growth, the company needs to hire some of the "best and brightest" data scientists and engineers to further develop the machine-learning platform that underpins H2know, Kovscek said.

City: New York

Year founded: 2019

Total funding: Almost $380 million

What it does: Large general contractors use Constrafor's software to onboard and pay their subcontractors on time — sometimes before the contractors themselves get paid by the clients. Contractors can also use the software to help purchase the supplies and services needed to complete a construction project on time and within budget.

Why it's hot: There's the money raised. In November, Constrafor announced that it raised $14 million in Series A funding as well as a $250 million credit facility.

The issues the firm is trying to address are also key. Construction is booming across the US, thanks in part to President Joe Biden's $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill. The rise of AI is also leading to a corresponding increase in the construction of data centers.

The actual process of construction, however, can often be long and complicated. That's why Constrafor's role as a one-stop shop appeals to large general contractors.

"So far, everyone has been focused on just building a very, very small point solution," said Anwar Ghauche, Constrafor's founder. "We're combining multiple different workflows, multiple different departments, all on the same platform."

The main challenges it faces: Next up: Constrafor must try to convince subcontractors to subscribe and pay for its software, too.

Gauch added that Constrafor's contractor clients can face cash-flow crunches. Those can lead to delays on important projects.

After Hurricanes Helene and Milton severely damaged parts of Florida, North Carolina, and other parts of the Southeast, Constrafor launched a disaster relief effort that would allow local contractors who are part of rebuilding efforts "to overcome delays, purchase materials, and ensure timely payment for their teams."

City: New York

Year founded: 2022

Total funding: $13.95 million

What it does: Ease Capital helps private equity firms and large investors lend to smaller apartment landlords. It uses data and technology that allow the biggest players to lend $5 million to $50 million in deals that would typically be too small for them.

Why it's hot: Sophisticated private lenders usually focus on the largest apartment complexes, meaning that most apartment-building owners have to turn to banks and agencies to borrow money to purchase or refinance properties. However, current high rates have dramatically slowed bank and agency lending and the large private lenders usually won't lend for small—and medium-sized projects.

Ease uses data and technology to make it easier and more efficient for these large lenders to lend on smaller deals when the need is the highest. In 2023, the company announced a $450 million partnership with major real estate owner and asset manager Taconic Capital Partners, and has already announced multiple successfully originated loans.

CEO Charlie Oshamn told Business Insider earlier this year that the company is often seeing up to $1 billion in loan requests a month. Unlike other firms, which provide an estimated rate upfront that could potentially change over months of negotiation, Ease Capital sticks to its initial offering, eliminating the guessing game for potential clients.

A challenge it faces: Though the founding team has successfully launched other major proptech businesses, like flexible office and event space provider Convene and real-estate data firm Reonomy, it still needs to prove itself as a lender.

City: Colombia and Mexico

Year founded: 2019

Total funding: $564 million

What it does: Habi has built Latin America's largest proprietary database and utilizes AI-based pricing algorithms to facilitate transactions and financing for homebuyers and sellers. Habi also buys and sells homes, offers mortgages, and posts and publicizes listings of properties for sale.

Why it's hot: The company operates in Colombia and Mexico without centralized MLS. MLS, or multiple listing services, are databases designed to help real estate brokers identify available homes for sale. These systems are abundant in the US, whereas they are scarce in Latin America. Without an MLS, it means homebuyers and sellers in Colombia and Mexico have difficulty knowing which properties are available for sale, their prices, and their listing and pricing history.

By gathering and sharing information on more than 20 million homes, Habi has addressed a critical need in these countries' real estate sector, establishing itself as an authority on housing in the region.

"We've become a household name for low and middle-income sellers and consumers and brokers in Mexico and Colombia," Brynne McNulty Rojas, CEO and cofounder of Habi, told Business Insider.

A challenge it faces: A combination of factors, including shifting economic and political conditions, has stalled the growth of Latin America's real-estate market. To achieve the same level of ubiquity as Zillow in the US, Habi must get real-estate brokers and sellers to list their properties on its platform and entice buyers to use it.

City: Lafayette, California

Year founded: 2021

Total funding: $21.35 million

What it does: Founder Vishwas Prabhakara envisions Honey Homes as a "primary care physician for your home." For a monthly fee, a dedicated handyman will come once or twice a month to knock off "lightweight" home improvement projects like fixing a leaky faucet, installing a new ceiling fan, or repainting a room.

Why it's hot: With a cooling housing market, Prabhakara believes many homeowners are staying in their homes longer and interested in investing resources in — and enjoying — the property they currently have.

The main challenge it faces: Homeowners who already hire their preferred handymen may not be willing to pay for a service that sends new people, and bigger projects might require more specialized repair professionals. Then there's the cost and current smaller scale of the company: Subscriptions start from $295 a month, or $3,940 a year, according to the company website. The service is only available in parts of San Francisco and the Bay Area, Los Angeles, Orange County, and Dallas, according to the site.

City: San Francisco

Year founded: 2021

Total funding: $25 million

What it does: Impulse Labs made a battery-powered induction cooktop that, unlike most of its competitors, which may require an electrical upgrade, can plug into a standard 120-volt outlet. The cooktop can boil water at lightning speeds, and sensors hold heat levels steady even at high temperatures.

Why it's hot: Impulse Labs founder Sam D'Amico said the cooktop offers a better cooking experience than gas burners while promoting more climate-friendly homes. Cooking with gas emits pollutants like methane, benzene, and carbon monoxide, which harm our health and the planet. But it can cost thousands of dollars to rewire a home for an electric induction stove. Impulse Labs' induction cooktop avoids those pollutants and the cost of home retrofits.

The battery in Impulse Labs' stove also stores enough power to make three meals if the power goes out, D'Amico said.

"One of the cheapest ways to deploy battery storage is in the appliances we have to buy anyways," he added.

The main challenge it faces: The cooktop costs $5,999. The price is high, D'Amico said, but similar to other premium appliances. The price is lower if buyers qualify for tax breaks and rebates from federal and state governments, as well as some utilities. It's also only a cooktop — not a full stove — but D'Amico said the company eventually wants to sell a suite of appliances that can be a whole-home battery solution. Impulse Labs is accepting pre-orders, with plans to ship in the first quarter of 2025, according to its website.

City: New York City

Year founded: 2020

Total funding: $43 million

What it does: Keyway uses machine learning and AI to aid institutional investors in sourcing, underwriting, and managing portfolios of properties.

Why it's hot: Companies that use AI have become commonplace today, but Keyway believes it is ahead of the pack in adopting and applying AI technology to real-estate investing.

"We were very early on in the AI game in 2020, and I think we've built a really strong backend of data with lots of APIs that allows us to integrate very segregated data very fast," CEO and cofounder Matias Recchia told Business Insider. "The fact that we built our system in a modular way also allows us to customize our product to a lot of our customers — so it's really not one solution fits all."

The main challenge it faces: New technology like Keyway can be hard to push on seasoned real-estate investors as they're used to using old-school methods like manually sourcing, underwriting, and managing portfolios.

"We're merging two cultures that are very different," Recchia said. "The real-estate industry requires a lot of proof to show them that data can really help them make better decisions. So there's a little bit of a culture shift that we're bringing to real estate as we sell them these tools and we partner with them."

City: Brooklyn, New York

Year founded: 2023

Total funding: $8.82 million

What it does: Latii is a sourcing platform that uses AI-powered tools to help North American-based architects and contractors save up to 60% by connecting with Latin American, southern European, and northern African window and door fabricators.

Why it's hot: Architects often include custom windows and doors in their designs, but hiring contractors and craftspeople overseas can cost their property-owning clients thousands of dollars. The architects who work with Latii, however, can source materials faster and at lower costs, cofounder and CEO Santiago Bueno told Business Insider.

"We're able to produce either equal or higher quality products at a less expensive rate," Bueno said.

In October, Latti announced that it had raised $5 million in seed-round funding, which it will use to expand in the Pacific Northwest, Mountain states, and the New York tri-state area.

The main challenge it faces: When working with fabricators in Latin America, challenges can arise in managing certifications, enforcing warranties, and overcoming language barriers. The region's use of the metric system can also be difficult for North America-based architects to navigate.

City: Scottsdale, Arizona

Year founded: 2020

Total funding: $713.8 million

What it does: Lessen's software allows commercial and residential landlords to track maintenance needs, connect with service providers, and buy products.

Why it's hot: In August, Inc. magazine named Lessen the fastest-growing private software company in the US, citing its $1.1 billion valuation.

The valuation preceded a major acquisition in 2023: Lessen spent $950 million to buy property maintenance management firm SMS Assist in what the Commercial Observer called the largest proptech acquisition in history.

Lessen's software is widely used, handling 3 million work orders a year across 250,000 properties, according to Fifth Wall, an investor in the firm. Lessen also launched Lessen Advantage Marketplace, which allows its landlord customers to buy materials like glass, floors, and doors and find better insurance and loan rates.

The main challenge it faces: Like many real-estate firms, Lessen faces an overall slowdown in both the commercial and residential sectors, with mortgage rates remaining elevated. One big potential client base for Lessen is office building owners and property managers, but the office market right now is struggling, with vacancies around the US at record highs.

"We typically grow hand-in-hand with our clients, serving them in additional properties and markets as they expand. So, for example, interest rates can influence growth in some areas of our business," said Michael Tanner, senior vice president of marketing at Lessen.

A dearth of tradespeople is also a challenge for the company's platform that connects them to landlords, Tanner said.

Finally, the firm competes in a crowded market of competitors offering software for landlords, including Stessa, AppFolio, TenantCloud, and more.

City: Santa Monica

Year founded: 2017

Total funding raised by the company: $1.93 billion

What it does: Metropolis uses a computer vision platform powered by artificial intelligence to enable checkout-free payment at parking facilities. After registering their vehicles on the Metropolis app, customers can simply drive in and drive out without the hassle of paying with credit cards or ticket machines.

Why it's hot: Metropolis announced its acquisition of SP Plus, the largest parking network in North America, for $1.5 billion in October 2023 and closed the deal in May 2024. The move allowed Metropolis to rapidly scale its technology and reach 50 million customers across 4,000 locations.

"We've seen success and are continuing to scale and grow because Metropolis' checkout-free experiences give people the gift of time back, so they can spend it on the things that matter the most," cofounder and CEO Alex Israel told Business Insider.

The main challenge it faces: Israel said that most of the parking payments and transactions in the world are still analog.

"We envision a future where checkout-free payments travel with you, but scaling this technology across industries is complicated — it requires remarkable proprietary technology and boots on the ground," he said.

City: Boston

Year founded: 2020

Total funding: $13.17 million

What it does: PredictAP makes real estate invoice processing simple and easy. It uses AI to code invoices quickly.

"So the accounting rules can become very complicated in commercial real estate at big companies," said CEO and founder David Stifter, describing the journey of how an invoice is processed.

He said an invoice would come in first, and someone would need to determine which accounting rules to apply. Predict AP will be useful at this stage because the AI will understand and use the accounting rules correctly. Then, it will go through the rest of the accounts payable process, a department responsible for paying vendors for services or goods at the company. Then, someone will approve it and then pay for it.

Why it's hot: Predict AP serves every corner of the real estate sector. The company said its customers are publicly traded companies that own real estate, private companies that own and operate real estate, or customers who provide services for those big companies.

The company has been able to help AP specialists and property managers face difficulties entering invoices because it takes a lot of time and effort.

"We're able to help folks with that difficult task of coding invoices and it's particularly painful in real estate where there's a lot of complexity," said CEO and founder David Stifter. He added: "Nobody wants to be typing 15-digit invoice numbers; that's not fun."

Russell Franks, the president and cofounder of Predict AP, added to his comments and noted that Predict AP could process an invoice in 30 to 40 seconds faster than the normal processing time of five to 10 minutes.

The main challenge it faces: The company shared that it is hard to find funding in this tough economy, and it is not easy to grow and expand.

City: Boston

Year Founded: 2022

Total funding: $7.97 million

What it does: Propexo's unified API, or application programming interface, helps other real-estate tech companies quickly and easily integrate with property-management systems.

Why it's hot: Real-estate tech companies use APIs to integrate with data from external sources, like lead generation systems or rent roll systems.

However, existing APIs and the technology around them are outdated.

That means companies lose time and money that could be used to develop their product while trying to integrate with these APIs, said COO Ben Keller.

Propexo's unified API improves the developer experience by making the integration process simpler, faster, and cheaper. "We're really the first engineering infrastructure product in the proptech ecosystem," said Keller.

The main challenge it faces: It's not easy to convince property managers and owner-operators to change how they've been running their businesses for many years.

In August, the Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against RealPage, alleging that the property-management software company allows landlords to coordinate and unfairly keep rents high. This is causing some landlords to rethink how they handle and process information, according to trade publication Multifamily Dive.

City: Chicago

Year founded: 2020

Total funding: $4 million

What it does: Rent Butter has created an alternative tenant screening process that gives landlords a more comprehensive view of applicants' financial history.

Why it's hot: Landlords have historically relied on static credit reports and background checks when evaluating potential tenants. Doing so creates a barrier for applicants with financial difficulties early in their adult lives, as credit scores are a difficult metric to improve.

Rent Butter is trying to eliminate that barrier and change the narrative around who is a "good" candidate by providing landlords with additional information that can more accurately assess a person's financial reliability.

Their application connects to an applicant's bank account, credit history, and employment, criminal, and rent payment history to provide a detailed one-page report highlighting their financial behaviors and potential risks.

"Our whole approach is: How do we show who the person is today — not who they were seven or 10 years ago," cofounder and CTO Christopher Rankin told Business Insider.

The main challenge it faces: Rent Butter partners with landlords, rather than selling directly to consumers, which makes scaling a challenge. Most landlords already have a tenant-vetting process, so it could be hard to convince them to change to Rent Butter.

City: San Francisco

Year founded: 2021

Total funding: $22.27 million

What it does: Shepherd is a Managing General Underwriter (MGU) leveraging tech to make underwriting commercial construction insurance more efficient. It also wields data to create more informed risk selection and price recommendations, often leading to upfront and long-term savings for policyholders.

Why it's hot: Insurers partner with MGUs to provide clients with insurance, with the MGU underwriting policies for clients and selling to potential policyholders. Shepherd adapts the typical MGU model by cutting the underwriting process from weeks to hours and incorporating risk assessment tech into its platform, making it a one-stop shop for insurers and clients. By working faster and putting these services in one place, Shepherd can better serve construction companies and insurers while fostering more involved relationships.

The main challenges it faces: Both insurance brokers and potential clients have some healthy skepticism about a new model for commercial construction insurance, so it falls on Shepherd to earn their trust to gain their business.

City: Austin

Year founded: 2020

Total funding: $60.1 million

What it does: Steadily is a digital insurance company for real-estate investors that promises a "faster, better, and cheaper" underwriting experience.

Why it's hot: Steadily founder Darren Nix first encountered the outdated nature of insurance underwriting, trying to find quotes for his own rental property in Chicago.

Terrible customer service and shockingly high quotes stopped him in his tracks.

"It was like rolling back the clock to the mid-1990s," he told Business Insider. Focusing on selling insurance to real-estate investors has helped Steadily grow to about 140 employees across Austin and Kansas City, Missouri.

In November, Steadily announced it had started to actively write new business on its own insurance carrier. "Nothing says 'we believe in the product we've built' more strongly than underwriting risk as the carrier," Nix said in a statement.

The main challenge it faces: Steadily has started selling insurance to short-term-rental investors, which presents different challenges than underwriting more traditional, longer-term rentals.

The market represents significant growth — accounting for nearly 20% of Steadily's current business — but the pricing is tricker.

"The people coming in and out of those properties don't take care of them at the same level of responsibility," Nix explained. "One of the things that a host can do to demonstrate that they are a good insurance risk is to point to their Airbnb or VRBO history and show that they're a super host, they take great care of their property, they don't host ragers."

City: Medfield, Massachusetts

Year founded: 2020

Total funding: $20.35 million

What it does: Tour24 is an app that lets prospective tenants take self-guided apartment tours without a leasing agent present.

Why it's hot: In many cities, renting an apartment can be cutthroat, with open-house lines and bidding wars to nab a good unit at a reasonable price.

More than ever, people are deciding on places to live quickly — sometimes even committing before they've even seen the unit because they aren't able to schedule a walkthrough that jives with their working hours.

Tour24 allows users — who are ID- and credit card-verified — to tour apartments when leasing agents aren't available, such as on evenings and weekends.

"We are seeing that certainly millennials really prefer self-guided experience," Georgianna W. Oliver, the founder of Tour24, told Business Insider.

Oliver said many of their leasing-agency clients offer Tour24's self-guided tours as well as leasing agent-led tours and virtual tours — and have given feedback that the more options they give potential renters, the better.

"People have the options," she said. "And they really like having the options."

The main challenge it faces: Since the worst part of the COVID-19 pandemic, many individual leasing agencies have been offering some version of a self-guided tour on their own with their own video Tour24 also competes with other self-guided rental-tour apps like Rently and CareTaker.

Tour24 seems to be holding its own: The startup announced in October that it raised $5 million in a Series B round, noting that it had doubled in size in 2024 to reach 525,000 units across over 2,060 multifamily properties.

Nargis Aslan of nagi.graphy snapped a shot of a groom throwing his bride over his shoulder as they exited their outdoor wedding ceremony.

Their glee was clear in the picture, from their smiles to those of their guests cheering them on. A dog running out of frame adds to the carefree joy of the moment.

Kayleigh Taylor Photography took to the skies to capture the full scale of an outdoor wedding by a massive tree.

She snapped the photo while the guests were still standing after the bride walked down a winding aisle made of flowers. The scene looks like something out of a fairy tale, from the secluded tree in the center of a field to the bride's veil flowing out onto the grass behind her.

In Nicole Rae Photography's shot, a rainbow array of smoke bombs exploded behind two grooms as they kissed at the altar.

The smoke enhanced the existing colors in the scene, from the flowers framing them to a body of water in the distance.

At first glance, the newlyweds in Amrit Photography's shot almost look like they are walking through a snowy landscape. The bride's red lehenga pops against the pale backdrop.

The photo becomes more beautiful the longer you look at it as you take in the massive arch behind the couple and the flowers surrounding them.

Lisa Ziesing of Abby Jiu Photography snapped a shot of a bride and groom hugging in front of a pink wall in a museum. The bride held her bouquet while they embraced.

The photo was taken through a doorway, so it feels like a peek at an intimate moment between the newlyweds.

Intergenerational love between the bride and one of her family members is the star of this shot taken by Edward Winter of READYLUCK Photographers.

The bride and her loved one only had eyes for each other, grinning at each other with eyes full of emotion.

A bride and groom posed on a beach in this photo from Darren and Shamakia Williams of DSW Photography.

The couple stood against a sandy formation, and their glamorous wedding attire contrasted with the natural beauty of the beach.

Michelle Pullman of St. Chelle snapped a candid, black-and-white shot of a bride dancing in a sparkly minidress at her reception.

Her friends laughed and danced around her, and the bride moved with carefree ease.

Lynn Lewis Photography's shot of a bride and groom grinning in the woods in their wedding attire is full of romance.

But the roller skates they added to their looks become the star of the shot. The bride kicked her foot up through a slit in her dress, showing off her white skates.

Henry Tieu Photography's shot of two brides holding hands would have been beautiful in any weather, as a mountain overlooks the beach they stand on.

But the rainbow soaring across the sky above them made the photo feel like one in a million.

In Love Is Rad's shot, a groom jumps out of a hallway to reveal himself to his bride for their first look in front of a rustic building. The bride typically reveals herself to the groom in a first look, so the contrast in their photo is fun.

The couple smiled and leaned toward each other, seemingly totally focused on one another.

Fashion plays a big role in many weddings, as Samantha Clarke Photography spotlighted with this bridal portrait.

The bride stood on a staircase, and her dress cascaded behind her. Candles and flowers lined the stairs, coordinating with the bouquet the bride held in her hand. The shot oozes glamour.

Paul Williams of Ginger Beard Weddings offered a new perspective on the end of a wedding ceremony, photographing a couple from behind as they exited their ceremony.

The couple raised their arms in excitement moments after they were officially married, and the angle spotlighted the intricate setting, the red and pink flowers decorating the space, and the guests supporting the bride and groom.

A couple's mountaintop adventure elopement was the subject of this photo taken by Sean Oblizalo of Vows and Peaks Photography.

You might see a couple holding hands and gazing at each other at any wedding, but the water and snow-covered mountain behind them took the photo to another level.

The Wedding Toast snapped a shot of a couple during their wedding ceremony.

The groom adjusted his wife's necklace as flower petals flowed around them. They both wore quiet smiles, capturing the excitement of the day.

The beauty of the brides embracing in Terri Baskin Photography's shot is the focus, but the floral arch behind them makes them shine even brighter.

The flowers covering the archway created a subtle rainbow effect.

Ruby Olivia Photography documented a dance-floor kiss between newlyweds in black and white.

From their intimate embrace and their loved ones dancing around them to the groom's ring glinting as he holds his bride, the photo captures the love that fills a wedding day.

Jay told BI that elongated-shaped stones, including emerald, oval, pear, and marquise-shaped, are becoming more popular.

"Elongated shapes are great because they visually trick the eye into appearing larger," Jay told BI of their appeal.

"I've started to do a lot of pear engagement rings all of a sudden. They're kind of the next step from oval," she said. "And then I think marquise is going to follow."

Recent celebrity engagement rings match Jay's predictions. For instance, in December 2024, Benny Blanco proposed to Selena Gomez with a marquise diamond.

Diamonds will always be popular for engagement rings, but other stones are also becoming go-to's, Jay told BI.

"People are not shying away from diamonds, but I think that we're starting to see more color," Jay said.

Sapphires, rubies, and emeralds are often popular for colorful engagement rings because they're durable. Jay said people are getting more creative with their tinted stones, too, particularly with toi-et-moi rings.

"Over the summer, I did a toi-et-moi where I said, 'Bring me a color that you like,' and we matched the stone, which ended up being a tourmaline, to the color of eelgrass for a client."

"We're allowing ourselves a little bit more creativity, a little bit more flexibility to get the look that we want using colored stones," she added.

"The 80s are back in a very big way," Jay said, which she said means many people are opting for "bigger and chunkier" bands.

Thicker bands are as stylish as they are practical. They are typically more stable than the thin bands popular in 2023 and 2024.

"The conversation I have with my clients is like, 'You're going to wear this for the rest of your life. While we love a dainty band now, it's going to be a headache long term,'" Jay said, adding that making a band even slightly thicker can be beneficial.

"If we can add tenths of millimeters, you're visually not going to be able to tell a difference, but structurally, it's going to be much more sound," she told BI.

Yellow gold has become common for many people's engagement bands, but Jay anticipates white gold and silver will be on the rise in the coming year.

"I think it's going to take two or three more years, but I think we are edging toward more white and silver," Jay said. "Gold is becoming…expensive."

She added that the increase in the cost of gold had led people to wear sterling silver for day-to-day jewelry, making it more likely to select a white gold, platinum, or silver band for their engagement rings to match.

Jay told BI that she's still seeing people embrace small details in their engagement rings, like hidden halos or personalized engravings.

"One of my favorite things to do is birthstones in a band," Jay said, often "discreetly" tucking a couple's birthstones into the setting.

She also told BI that these details are becoming more popular because couples design parts of their custom rings together, and the details allow the proposer to still give their partner an element of surprise in the ring.

"We're involving our partners more in this process," she said. "Maybe we talk about the shape of the stone, but they're not aware of how it's going to be set, when it's happening, or the budget."

Jay also told BI that people will invest their money into a center stone rather than selecting rings with multiple stones, which she said gives them the flexibility to reset the setting over time.

"If you ever did want to reset it, you could add side stones or put it in a chunkier setting or something like that," she said.

Jay told BI that it's also easier for people to stack other rings with their engagement and wedding rings down the road when they're simpler.

"Consider making your wedding band just a gold or platinum solid band so that you do have that flexibility in the future to stack and play with and make it a little more fun and playful," she advised.