• I thought Gen Z would love my company because I built a fun, inviting culture.
• However, my first Gen Z intern wanted to explore departments outside her internship.
• She "quiet quit" and then left the company four months later because I treated her poorly.

For years, I dreamed of working for a company like Google. After all, who wouldn't want to head into the office on Monday morning and be greeted by sleeping pods, VR summits, or Quidditch matches? The entire place was a millennial wonderland with a never-ending supply of cereal bars and gluten-free baked goods.

The early 2000s was the genesis of open office spaces, open-door policies, and open-mindedness. When I started my own business, I copied and pasted this format and waited for Gen Z to knock down my door, begging to work for me.

But my neon signage, proclaiming a fun and diversified environment with great company culture, only caught the interest of one Gen Z applicant.

Thankfully, she seemed like the perfect fit for our internship. Her values aligned with my company, and her education and experience fit our exact needs. But after multiple Zoom meetings, I felt like I was trying to fit a square peg in a round hole.

She clearly decided to "quiet quit" after a week and didn't stay after her internship. Instead of looking at myself and my own company, I blamed the new hire.

My intern had goals I didn't expect

When I set out to bring in my first intern, I presented my company as a place where everyone belongs and can bring their entire self to the table. Well, I didn't exactly honor that goal. Instead of taking the time to ask my intern questions and find out what her goals were, I saw her as a solution to my needs.

I hated creating social media campaigns. So, when my intern's résumé boasted her experience and educational background in digital communication, I leaped at the chance to bring her onto the team and use her skills.

But in one of our first meetings, she told me she wanted to explore different departments and figure out if this industry was right for her.

I panicked. I hoped she'd focus solely on my need for social media, but she was interested in branching out beyond that.

My cool office culture didn't seem to appease her or her curiosity to learn more. She lost interest in the company quickly, and I noticed her "quiet quitting." After four months, she left the company for good.

I quickly learned Gen Z is different in the workplace

As a geriatric millennial, I wasn't raised to see my degree separate from my future career plans. I picked classes that made sense for my aspirational goals and chose internships that aligned with my education and background.

But that's not what Generation Z is about. They're interested in exploring and learning — especially during internships. They want a full experience, and that includes trying on different hats to see what fits.

My intern wanted to experience what it was like to live in my shoes, to see the good, the bad, and the ugly.

I wish I could tell you that I adapted and was the best boss ever, but I'd be lying. I lost my intern because I couldn't figure out what to do with her. I ignored her and gave her menial tasks to fill her schedule.

I wish I had done so many things differently

Firstly, I would have broken away from my interview script and gotten to know her. I would have asked her about her five-year plan, what her hobbies were, and how I could help her reach her goals.

As much as I wish I had changed sooner, there's a huge part of me that's so grateful for this failure. It taught me to break a lot of my own biases and think in broader terms of creating a place of belonging.

Even though I wasn't able to retain my first intern, I retained all the lessons she taught me. I will forever be grateful for that.

• One of the hardest years ever for hopeful homebuyers is officially in the books.
• Property sales were weighed down once again by restrictive mortgage rates.
• Here's why millennials and Gen Zers made the right call by not buying, and what will change in 2025.

Young would-be homebuyers largely put off their purchases last year, and for good reason.

Lofty prices and elevated mortgage rates made 2024 an unusually tough year for all buyers, but they were especially formidable obstacles for those who weren't already homeowners.

First-time buyers only accounted for 24% of US home purchases last year, a new report from Realtor.com found. That's the lowest rate since at least 1981, researchers noted on January 9, even though home affordability has improved significantly from its late-2023 lows.

Millions of millennials and Gen Zers hoping to buy homes and were shut out last year weren't alone.

Housing market transactions underwhelmed for a third straight year during a stalemate between aspiring buyers and sellers. Home prices drifted down in late 2024, but not enough for some buyers to feel like they were getting good value, given where mortgage rates were. And owners held out for renewed price growth since they didn't want to sell for less than their neighbors did.

"Prices have been so sticky; they just stay where they are," said Joel Berner, an economic researcher at Realtor.com who co-authored the report with Danielle Hale, in a recent interview. "People have seen the house down the street a couple of years ago sold for $700,000. Why would I list mine for $600,000?"

Some housing market analysts think property prices will get a second wind, likely starting in the busier spring and summer months. Realtor.com's official forecast is for 3.7% price growth, though that's way slower than a few years ago. And in some markets, prices could keep falling.

"It takes time for people to adjust to the new normal, and so prices are finally starting to drop," Berner said.

Why not buying a home paid off last year

Although buying a house and building equity is a worthy aim, many young Americans may end up glad that they waited to sign on the dotted line.

Mortgage rates remained a major headache last year, even though they were below their peak. The Federal Reserve's plan to cut interest rates more slowly may keep many iced out of the market, though the consensus among real-estate observers is that borrowing costs will still fall.

In the meantime, those who've opted for apartments likely aren't breaking the bank. Rent growth has stagnated as inflation remained below 3%, and Realtor.com's research shows that rent has fallen for the last 16 months. Whether rent was flat or down, there was little rush to buy.

"Rents have been so soft in the last year that people look around and they say, 'Why would I pay a $3,000 mortgage payment when I can rent the same place for $1,500?'" Berner said.

It makes sense that young renters were reluctant to swap their reasonably priced leases for exorbitant mortgages, especially if there weren't many attractive options available. Home inventory has long been limited and is only now returning to pre-pandemic levels.

Steadily rising home supply is one of the healthiest signs possible for the housing market. While Berner said this isn't a buyer's market quite yet, improved inventory could send it that way.

Opportunities abound for young buyers

While millions are looking for homes, Hale and Berner focused their report on younger buyers, specifically those born in the 1990s who were between the ages of 25 and 34 last year.

Those younger millennials and older Gen Zers may want to start their search on the East Coast, which is home to most of the 10 best cities for first-time buyers, according to Realtor.com.

Their methodology is based on factors like home prices, the local economy, and price growth history. The typical home in each of these markets is below the US median of $416,880 and is also considered affordable, meaning monthly payments are less than 30% of a buyer's income.

Three of these top markets for 25- to 34-year-olds are in Florida, two are in Western New York, and three others are in the Mid-Atlantic region. Only one city cited by Realtor.com was west of the Mississippi River: North Little Rock, Arkansas.

"These larger, Eastern, older communities have a lot of things to offer," Berner said of the list. "They're well established; there's a lot of infrastructure, a lot of restaurants, a lot of daycares, etc. And the listing prices are pretty soft out there. So it's just kind of a good mix."

What's even more fascinating is which markets didn't make the list. So-called "Zoomtowns" that were trendy during the pandemic were absent, as were highly popular cities in Sun Belt states like North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Cities in California didn't come closer either.

Some of the hottest markets in recent years ranked well in previous renditions of this report, Berner said. If history repeats, young buyers who settle down in cities on this year's list will be glad they did since they'll see price appreciation in the years to come. And they also might be grateful that they didn't get suckered into a subpar deal last year.

"People saw the previous ones and they said, 'These are really good places to buy,' went and bought, and then those listing prices were up," Berner said. "We're kind of chasing our tail a little bit with things, trying to stay ahead of the market. And so it wouldn't surprise me next year if the list looks a whole lot different."

• Tweens, teens, and college-aged kids showed off their Christmas hauls in TikTok videos.
• Casey Lewis, who writes about young consumers, watched about 1,000 haul videos, she told BI.
• Here are the top items that Gen Z kids bragged about getting for Christmas.

It was a very merry Christmas for some Gen Zers who took to social media to show off everything they unwrapped.

Casey Lewis, who writes the youth insights newsletter After School, analyzed Christmas haul TikTok videos from tweens, teens, and college-age consumers and compiled a list that she shared on her own TikTok.

"This is the third year I've done this sort of thing with the Christmas hauls, and I tried to refine my system just so that I'm able to actually crunch the data a little bit more scientifically," Lewis told Business Insider.

She said she watched hundreds of videos at double the speed to tally the standout gift items.

"I think conservatively, at least a thousand [videos]," Lewis said. "I was trying to discreetly binge Christmas haul TikToks while also spending time with my family."

From luxury clothing to throwback tech, these were the top gifts that the younger generation showed off in their Christmas hauls.

Digital cameras

"I think the thing that surprised me the most was how popular digital cameras were," Lewis said, noting that Gen Z has an affinity for Y2K nostalgia. "Everyone got digital cameras. It was also really interesting to see some of them got really expensive Sony ones, but then now Amazon makes those digital cameras that come in cute colors."

A basic Sony digital camera might run at around $750, but Lewis said she saw people showing off cheaper options from Amazon and Urban Outfitters for less than $100.

"They've sort of caught onto this trend, but then you kind of wonder how long is that going to last?" Lewis said.

UGG boots

UGG remained a hot item this year with the Ultra Mini boots and Classic Mini boots, which cost $150 to $160, reigning supreme.

"This year, it was the Minis, and last year, it was the Minis but also the Platforms," Lewis said. "Every year, they're just able to continue to be such a thing."

While she was going through the videos during the holidays at her childhood home, Lewis, who is 37, said she was surrounded by relics from her own childhood, like her own pair of UGG boots.

"Uggs and digital cameras — has anything changed? Am I still just a 16-year-old?" she said.

Rhode skin and beauty products

Lewis also said it was "staggering" how popular Rhode, Hailey Bieber's beauty brand, had become.

"Everyone got the lip peptide treatment," Lewis said. "It's such a popular skincare brand."

Rhode's peptide lip tint retails for $18.

"We know that celebrity brands are so fickle," Lewis said, "but it almost feels like this may have successfully reached the point where it's bigger than her and will thrive independently."

Sol de Janeiro products

Another popular beauty brand was Sol de Janeiro, which makes body and hair care as well as fragrances.

Gen Z kids showed off their "Cheirosa '62" perfume mist, which Lewis said was a big hit this year.

A full-size, 240 ml bottle retails for $38.

Jellycats

Tweens and teens went crazy over Jellycats, small plush toys that retail for $30 to $50.

"Jellycats were mentioned on every wish list, and they were very popular in hauls," Lewis said.

Lewis saw many Jellycats in haul videos but not as many as she expected, prompting her to question whether the kidult purchasing trend is declining.

"Are parents tired of buying their kids, their almost grown kids, stuffed animals? I don't know," Lewis said. "It feels very similar to Beanie Babies where it was a craze, but it wasn't able to sustain because no craze is."

White Fox apparel

Luxury loungewear remained popular this holiday season.

The $50 sweatpants from White Fox, which is headquartered in Australia, were "very popular" in haul videos, Lewis said.

"Athleisure had such a moment coming out of COVID, but young people are still very much prioritizing comfort clothes," Lewis said, noting that brands like Lululemon were also popular. "Teen and college-age girls, so many of them just wear sweat sets."

Roller Rabbit pajamas

Roller Rabbit pajamas were a popular gift pick as well, according to Lewis' analysis.

Available in dozens of different brightly colored patterns as well as in short- and long-sleeve options, the pajamas retail from $138 to $158.

Lewis noted the pajamas convey a sense of status.

Shark hair tools

Whereas last year saw a craze for Dyson hair tools, this year was all about Shark tools.

"I don't think I could have been trusted when I was a teen with an expensive hair tool," Lewis said. "I just don't think I could have taken care of it and not accidentally broken it."

While the classic set of Dyson hair tools retails for $600, the Shark set is comparatively more affordable at $300.

Vanity desk and mirror

While not a name-brand item, many tweens, teens, and college-age girls said in their Christmas haul TikToks that they got a vanity desk or a vanity mirror to put on their desk.

Vanity mirrors often come with lighting that is optimal to use while applying makeup. Depending on the brand, a desk with a vanity mirror might cost about $1,000.

Dae hair styling cream

A styling product from the brand Dae was a popular stocking stuffer, Lewis said.

The styling cream comes with a small wand that's helpful for doing a slick back hairstyle.

A 0.6 oz tube retails for $18.

Adidas Campus shoes

Adidas also continued its reign of popularity.

The Campus 00s, which retail for $110, were the go-to pick, Lewis said.

In previous years, Adidas Gazelles and Sambas were the choice picks.

Alani Nu energy drink

Alani Nu energy drinks were a popular, small-dollar item. Lewis referred to it as the "cool girl energy drink" in her TikTok analysis.

A 12-pack retails for $30.

"What's fascinating about that is it is a very accessible energy drink, but it's also very aesthetic," Lewis told BI. "The energy drink that appeared in so many Christmas hauls this year was nowhere to be found in Christmas hauls last year. So that's a little bit about how quickly some of this stuff changes."

Touchland hand sanitizer

Touchland hand sanitizers were another popular stocking stuffer, Lewis said in her analysis.

"$10 for a tiny hand sanitizer is kind of crazy," she told BI.

But for a 30ml hand sanitizer, it still carries some clout, she said.

"These more affordable, or at least accessible, items that have a little bit of status associated, a little bit of clout," Lewis said. "You don't need to have the Louis Vuitton, or you don't need to even have the Sony camera."

LoveShackFancy Perfume

LoveShackFancy's perfume in the scent "Forever In Love" was a hot gift, Lewis said.

A 2.5 oz bottle retails $125.

Other popular perfume runner-ups were Billie Eilish's "Eilish Eau de Parfum," which retails for $72 for a 3.4 oz bottle, and Glossier's "You," which costs $112 for a 100 ml bottle.

ONE/SIZE setting spray

Wrapping up the list was waterproof setting spray from ONE/SIZE by Patrick Starrr.

A 3.4 oz can of the mattifying spray retails for $32, adding to the subset of more affordable items that Lewis noted.

"There were not a lot of, I don't know, designer sunglasses. I did see a couple of designer purses," Lewis said. "It's not like there's one emerging or one dominant luxury item that everyone is feeling like they need to have."

• The US Surgeon General released a report directly linking alcohol to cancer.
• A BI analysis found that spending on most kinds of alcohol has declined — especially among young adults.
• It's reflective of Gen Z's shifting habits when it comes to alcohol consumption.

By the time the US Surgeon General dropped its report linking alcohol to cancer on Friday, Americans had already been curbing their spending on booze over the last several decades — especially young people.

Surgeon General Vivek Murthy said in his latest advisory that alcohol consumption is the third leading preventable cause of cancer in the US, following tobacco usage and obesity. He recommended updating warnings on alcohol packages to raise awareness of the harmful effects of drinking. However, doing so requires an act of Congress.

"For individuals, be aware that cancer risk increases as you drink more alcohol," Murthy wrote in a post on X on Friday. "As you consider whether or how much to drink, keep in mind that less is better when it comes to cancer risk."

Do you plan to change your drinking habits in response to the Surgeon General's recommendation? Tell us why in this survey.

Many Americans have already been cutting back. Business Insider analyzed alcohol spending data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to get a sense of how alcoholic beverage consumption has changed. It showed that spending has decreased over the past few decades, especially among Americans under 25.

With spirits and beer in particular, Bureau of Economic Analysis data shows that personal spending as a share of personal consumption expenditures has dropped since 1959. Spending on wine as a share of personal spending, meanwhile, has seen a small uptick.

Additionally, expenditure data adjusted to 2023 dollars using the consumer price index shows that younger adults under 25 years old spent less on average than this age group years prior. Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that spending on alcoholic beverages by Americans under 25 is similar to people aged 75 and over.

The decrease in alcohol spending among young people is reflective of Gen Z and millennials' shifting habits and priorities compared to other generations. A Gallup survey from 2023 found that 62% of adults under 35 said they drink, compared to 72% two decades ago, with some of them citing health concerns as a key reason.

Gen Z is also favoring more active settings like fitness groups to socialize instead of drinking, marking a shift in younger Americans' behaviors.

It's unclear how the alcohol industry will respond to Murthy's latest report. However, warning labels on alcoholic drinks have not been updated since the '80s, and Murthy urged Congress to take action by updating labels and revising recommended consumption limits to prevent cancer among the US population.

• Lifetouch used the awkward holiday photo trend in its JCPenney studios to engage Gen Z customers.
• The trend boosted foot traffic and JCPenney brand recognition among the younger generation.
• One JCPenney Portrait Studio saw over 100 daily sessions during the holiday season.

Inside the Ocean County Mall in Tom's River, New Jersey, marketing professional Brandon Van Houten, 26, and his girlfriend of three years, Cassandra DiFabio, 25, prepared for their 15-minute awkward holiday photo shoot at the JCPenney Portrait Studio.

"I remember thinking, who gets their pictures taken at JCPenney anymore? It turns out a whole lot of people do," Van Houten told Business Insider.

The couple had a two-hour wait, along with dozens of crying babies and a group of twenty-somethings clad in all denim waiting to get their awkward on.

When Van Houten posted his photos on TikTok and tagged JCPenneyPortraits, the company playfully replied, "Sooo how do we get on your Xmas card list? Asking for a friend."

"The fact that they responded was both unexpected and awesome, and it made me look at JCPenney in a whole new way," said Van Houten. "It's clear from their social media that the portraits team is made up of a younger generation that knows how to engage with their audience."

In other words, this isn't your mama's JCPenney. In fact, it isn't really JCPenney at all. The studios belong to Lifetouch and its parent company Shutterfly Inc. and they're using the awkward photo trend to grow their Gen Z customer base.

JCPenney hasn't owned the portrait studios since the '80s

In 1983, Lifetouch, a national leader in school photography, acquired the JCPenney Portrait Studios from the retail giant. Then in 2018, Shutterfly Inc. acquired Lifetouch in an $825 million cash deal. So, in reality, the JCPenney Portrait Studios by Lifetouch are now under the Shutterfly umbrella, which becomes evident when customers are prompted to create or log into their Shutterfly account to receive their digital images through the cloud-photo management service.

Nevertheless, the awkward family photo trend has been a boon for both Lifetouch and the JCPenney brand. Not only do the JCPenney Portrait Studios maintain their original name, boosting the JCPenney brand recognition among younger generations, but since all 357 studios in the United States are located inside JCPenney stores, there's an increase in foot traffic.

Additionally, a Lifetouch representative told BI that their company leases the studio spaces from JCPenney, adding another benefit to the partnership.

The holidays bring in 100 daily customers to a single JCPenney Portrait studio

Linda, a JCPenney Portrait Studio photographer who asked BI not to publish her last name for privacy reasons, has worked at a high-volume location in the Northeast for three years. She told BI that during the holidays, her studio regularly sees over 100 sessions a day, with wait times ranging from 45 minutes to up to two hours, as DiFabio and Van Houten experienced.

"The only reason we're having these awkward portrait sessions is because they went crazy viral on TikTok," she said.

The social media trend commonly referred to as "This is your sign to do an awkward photo session at JCPenney Portrait Studios" took off last year and has continued to soar to new heights during the holiday season.

On TikTok, where people showcase live content from their portrait sessions, #JCPenney has more than 25,000 posts, with some videos getting up to 10M views, and #JCPenneyPortraits has over 12,000 posts.

"We had so much fun posing and working with our photographer that now we want to do this for every holiday," said 27-year-old Samantha Colon, whose recorded session with her husband garnered nearly 64,000 views on Tiktok. "I'm already thinking about Valentine's Day."

In the '80s and '90s, parents dragged their reluctant kids to the local JCPenney for a portrait session. Now, the kids are coming in on their own in droves to intentionally replicate a nostalgic experience from an era they weren't even alive for.

I tried the trend with my family, and my Gen Z daughter loved it

Inspired by all the social media posts in my feed, I booked a holiday portrait session for my own family. My husband and our Gen Z daughter scoured the internet for awkward Hanukkah attire and turned to Pinterest for pose inspirations which we practiced at home.

A week later, we drove an hour to the nearest JCPenney in Brooklyn, New York. It was my first time in a JCPenney in decades.

The photographer was very familiar with the awkward trend and alternated between instructing us on how to pose and looking at the shot list we'd created, thanks to Pinterest. The session wound up taking 25 minutes versus the allotted 15 minutes, which is likely part of the reason there's a lot of waiting time involved in these sessions — we waited for an hour when we arrived.

Counting our roundtrip drive and studio waiting time, the experience took four hours and cost $145 — thanks to a $70 coupon — between the $15 per person sitting fee and the 38-photo digital album.

We all had a blast, and our fifteen-year-old daughter is already asking when we can return and do it again.

The trend has captured a new generation of customers

Getting Gen Z into the stores and through those studio doors is hopefully just the beginning. Emilee Feneis, director of marketing performance for Lifetouch (Shutterfly Inc.), told BI, "This has been a great new customer acquisition channel for us in terms of bringing in younger generations, and our goal is to be able to retain them as customers for all of the different stages of their lives and grow as a business."

Feiness said during November and December, the studios see 90% more sessions captured than during the rest of the year. While the core of its business remains traditional family photography, a staggering 30% of the photo sessions this holiday were of the awkward family variety.

"We wanted to engage more with our younger audience and meet them where they're at, so last November, we launched our own TikTok account," said Hayley Schroer, a marketing manager at Lifetouch.

One year later, the brand's TikTok account has 11,000 followers.

At the end of the day, Nikki Massimore, director of retail photography at JCPenney Portrait Studios, whose team is responsible for training studio photographers, says, "It's not just about a handful of pictures. It's the whole experience of bringing people together in a whole different way to do something fun and unconventional."

Between the flurry of social media posts, it seemed to have worked The awkward family portrait was one of the most unlikely comebacks and a big lure for Gen Z.

I had never run more than 3 miles in my life when I signed up for my first half-marathon. It was the month after I turned 25, and all my friends were signing up. On social media, people in their 20s were describing marathon training as their "quarter-life crisis."

"To all the type A perfectionists who are no longer getting validation from good grades in school… how's marathon training going?" one Instagram reel with 9 million views says.

While I didn't venture as far as running a full marathon, an increasing number of my peers have. Turnout of 20-somethings in the New York City Marathon jumped by more than 50% from 2019 to 2024, from about 8,000 runners to more than 12,500. At the Los Angeles Marathon, the share of 20-something runners surged to 28% in 2023 from 21% in 2019. Strava — LinkedIn for runners — reported a 9% increase in 2024 in people logging marathons, races longer than a marathon, and century rides (a bike ride of at least 100 miles).

Whither go this stampede in Nike shorts? During pandemic lockdowns, with gyms closed and nothing else to do but run circles around the nearest park, running took off. Four years on, we're reaching peak running mania. Running USA says it has found in surveys that the number of people in running clubs in the US increased by 25% over the past five years. People are even adding their marathon times to their résumés. Those who used to roll their eyes at people waking up before sunrise or turning down social plans to accommodate their Sunday long run are now pounding the pavement and splurging on expensive running vests and gels. And people aren't just running marathons — they're pursuing increasingly intense competitions and challenges.

The website iRunFar found that in the US, the number of longer-than-a-marathon races, called ultras, increased to 2,033 in 2023 from 233 in 2000. The company behind the Ironman triathlon — which consists of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a full marathon — says that in 2024 there was a 24% global increase in people under 30 registering for the races. Online, influencers like Russ Cook, who spent 352 days running the length of Africa, and Jonny Davies, who ran 960 kilometers in 11 days, are seeking out increasingly arduous stunts to accomplish and share with their followers, while inspiring more people to follow in their footsteps. It all raises the question: why now?

After graduating from college in 2020, Rylee Jade Ollearis needed something to do. She had wanted to be a runner but never carved out the time. Now she had plenty. "I laced up a pair of eighth-grade track shoes and started trying to run to my grandma's house," the 27-year-old tells me.

At first, the 2-mile run through Chicago was a challenge. But gradually Ollearis built up to a half-marathon. After completing the half, she challenged herself to run a full marathon on her 23rd birthday — the ambitious goal gave her a sense of purpose, something to work toward. Since official races were still canceled, she completed the 26.2 miles on her own. "My mom parked up in the park and just hung out all day, and I just ran circles around the park," she says.

A cyclist in college, Ollearis was used to training for a race — the clear objective helped her stay focused and motivated to work out. She also realized that running was about more than the physical challenge. "It was about discovering what I'm capable of and constantly pushing my limits," she says. Ollearis has since run two official marathons, three Ironmans, and three ultramarathons.

Women especially are taking to the streets in droves. In the most recent New York City Marathon, women between 25 and 29 outnumbered every other age and gender segment — a major reversal from the years when men in their 40s were dominant. In fact, when the first marathons were held in the late 19th century, they were thought to be safe only for young, fit men; people thought running would make women infertile or overly masculine. Now, Gen Z women in the US are joining Strava twice as fast as they did in 2023, making them the app's fastest-growing demographic. Women "are constantly being told to shrink and slow down," Ollearis says. "I wanted to be that woman who shows up and is strong."

For those watching from the comfort of their couch, it might seem masochistic to train for and run a marathon, let alone an ultramarathon. But Kevin Masters, a clinical psychologist who teaches at the University of Colorado, says participating in extreme fitness challenges can help people find a sense of purpose. It sets a goal that is attainable but not easy. For young people who graduated into an uncertain and shifting world, purpose was a hot commodity. In a 2023 Gallup survey, between 43% and 49% of Gen Zers said they didn't feel like what they did each day was interesting, important, or motivating. "Running was one of the few things people could do," says Adharanand Finn, the 50-year-old author of "The Rise of The Ultra Runners." He noticed a lot of people get into running during the pandemic lockdowns.

But even without a pandemic, navigating your mid-20s is tricky. As the traditional goalposts of homeownership, marriage, and parenthood get pushed further back, many young people are looking for other ways to measure their progress and regain a sense of control. Some are calling it their quarter-life crisis.

Plus, there's the influencer effect. As more people got into running, more people posted about it, which influenced more people to get into running, which led to more running influencers. In many ways, running has become cool; in a recent video about the running boom, Keltie O'Connor, a college basketball player turned fitness YouTuber, said that was one reason more people were doing it. "I don't know what happened in the last three years — companies caught on and they made things cool: like On Cloud, and then Oakley sunglasses," she said, adding, "Running suddenly got a cool factor, and brands jumped on it."

Between TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Strava, it's now easy to find inspiration to push yourself — a different reality from when Finn was running ultramarathons in 2017. Back then, he says, ultra running was a niche sport. Now budding racers can open TikTok and follow someone's training plan from day one to race day. "Once you get sucked in, you start following people on Instagram, meeting other runners, buying the kit," he says, "and before you know it, you are running a marathon."

The running world has become a robust community for young people. "It's a music-festival vibe," O'Connor said. "With more people turning to sober living and wanting to meet people outside the club and not feeling like they have to have a drink just to meet someone, they can sign up to a race or join a run club and meet people."

And once you've got a marathon under your belt, you can either go faster or farther.

After completing her first marathon, Ollearis decided to sign up for an Ironman. For six months she trained every day. "I was swimming on Monday, Wednesday, Friday. I was running on Tuesday, Saturday, and I was biking on Thursday, Sunday," she says. Training took over her life for a few years — she often turned down social events, prioritizing recovery over late nights out. She has no regrets.

"It gave me a lot of purpose. It gave me a reason to show up every day," she says. "While it was a challenge at times, I don't feel like I missed out — I feel like I built something I'm really proud of."

Ollearis began documenting her Ironman journey on TikTok, and her following grew by 100,000. The more she posted, the more her follower count grew.

"It became an experiment of how far can this go and can I turn this into something bigger than just the race?" she says. This year Ollearis was able to quit her full-time job and focus on online coaching and content creation. In October she ran the Chicago Marathon — which had a record number of runners — with a sponsorship from the brand Biofreeze. She hit a personal record. "I am nowhere near the professional level, but I am still getting paid to work out," she says. It's the dream.

She's part of the flood of new running influencers who have gained traction by posting about their running journey or training routines. To stand out, creators have to up the stakes. When Chase Bandolik, a 28-year-old gym owner from Chicago, was trying to get colleagues to donate to his first marathon in 2019, he told them that if he raised $1,800 for charity he would run wearing a weighted vest. "I ended up running a marathon with a weighted vest before I ever ran a marathon without one," he tells me. "From there I got kind of addicted to that feeling of having a really hard goal and finding a way to get it done."

Two years later, he ran his first 100-mile ultramarathon — he ran on a treadmill for 17 hours, briefly slowing to a walk every five miles to eat or drink. Then he signed up for an Ironman. Bandolik enjoyed the accountability that came with posting his progress online. "A lot of times at these races there are people who sign up and don't even show up or give up early," he says. But when you're sharing everything with your followers, "there's extra pressure to finish it and get the job done."

Bandolik's goal for this year is to qualify for the Backyard Ultra championships — a race where competitors run a 4-mile loop every hour until only one runner is left. "The cool thing about the endurance world is there's so many directions to take it," he says. "They're creating longer and longer and harder and harder races."

For young people who might feel like traditional life benchmarks are out of reach, competing means there's always another milestone to hit.

Eve Upton-Clark is a features writer covering culture and society.

• Gen Zers are less satisfied with their jobs than other age groups, per Pew Research.
• Additionally, nearly 30% of people are not too or not at all satisfied with their wages.
• Some people are frustrated that prices are significantly higher than they used to be.

Gen Zers and people with lower incomes are less satisfied with their jobs than other Americans.

Seventeen percent of respondents between the ages of 18 and 29 — the highest percentage of any age group surveyed — said they were not too or not at all satisfied with their jobs, per a Pew Research Center survey published on December 10. The 18- to 29-year-old cohort is predominantly Gen Z. Pew surveyed 5,273 US adults who were employed full- or part-time in October.

Additionally, 16% of respondents with lower family incomes said they are not too or not at all satisfied with their jobs, the highest percentage compared to middle- and high-income earners.

In recent years, job market challenges and rising prices have weighed on Americans, and it's affected how some of them feel about their current roles. While the unemployment rate remains low compared to historical levels, a widespread hiring slowdown has made it harder for some people to switch jobs. Additionally, while inflation has slowed, some people are frustrated that prices of goods and services are significantly higher than they used to be — and that their salaries haven't risen enough to keep up.

Meanwhile, some employed adults aren't satisfied with how much they're paid. Among the 29% of workers who said they were not too or not at all satisfied with their pay, the top reason they gave was that their wages haven't kept up with the cost of living.

To be sure, half of the Americans surveyed said they were extremely or very satisfied with their jobs while 38% reported being somewhat satisfied.

Are you feeling stuck in your current job? Reach out to this reporter at [email protected]

• A micro-retirement is a new way for young workers to achieve a work-life balance.
• It involves taking a significant career break to combat burnout or pursue personal passions.
• Financial planning and clear goals are crucial for a successful micro-retirement experience.

"Quiet vacationing" had its moment. "Lazy girl jobs" came and went.

The latest workplace buzzword — "micro-retirement" — reflects another shift toward work-life balance among young people.

Similar to a sabbatical, a micro-retirement (also known as a mini-retirement) is when a worker takes a significant break from their career that could last a couple of months or even years.

Jes Osrow, cofounder of HR consultancy The Rise Journey, told Business Insider that micro-retirement is a "flexible concept that varies depending on who you ask."

For some, Osrow said, it's an opportunity to combat burnout and pursue "personal passions" outside the office. And for others, it could be the perfect time to start a new side hustle.

Anaïs Felt falls into the former category. Speaking to BI in October, Felt said she took a micro-retirement from her Silicon Valley tech job year after experiencing burnout.

"It felt like it would be good for me — but also good for my future employer — if I went into my next role feeling fully energized and feeling conviction in that next step," she said.

Felt's experience isn't unique. SHRM's Employee Mental Health in 2024 Research Series found that 44% of 1,405 American workers surveyed experience burnout at work.

Meanwhile, 44% of workers under 30 told Pew Research in May that they were very satisfied with their job, compared with 67% of workers 65 and older.

How to micro-retire successfully

Michael Lopez, a career coach who works with companies and individuals, told BI that micro-retirement seems to be "gaining in popularity."

However, he added that a person's ability to micro-retire successfully is predominantly driven by their personal economic circumstances.

While some companies offer sabbaticals, career coach and author Tim Toterhi recommends that those who don't have this option make a long-term plan to ensure they will be financially stable.

"Do you have the financial wherewithal to go without a paycheck for an extended period?" Toterhi said. "How will you secure healthcare? And how will you navigate financial emergencies should they arise?"

Meanwhile, Osrow suggests setting "clear, specific goals" to make sure you reap the most benefits from micro-retirement.

Brittany Foley, a 26-year-old based in Boston, told The Cut that she wasn't enjoying her consulting job before taking a micro-retirement.

Foley planned everything out. She would spend the time off writing her book while working at a restaurant part-time. She had a year's worth of expenses saved up from setting aside a third of her monthly income and bonuses.

"With other people my age, there's so much pressure to chase promotion cycles and raises, and everyone is so burned out," she said. "I figured this is actually the best time to take time off work when I don't have kids or other dependents."

Foley's comments reflect a wider cultural shift among Gen Zers who are prioritizing their personal lives over their careers.

Preparing to return to work?

Toterhi and Orsow said another thing workers should plan for is their eventual return to the workplace.

Osrow said the first thing to consider is what "coming back" means for you personally.

"Is it returning with a new set of skills, or when you've reached a certain financial benchmark?" she said. "Setting these goals helps ensure that your time off is meaningful and intentional, giving you clear metrics to measure success."

However, this advice may not apply to everyone — especially those who take a micro-retirement before switching careers.

Lopez said he often counsels people to "have a plan but not too much of a plan."

"Having too much structure can get in the way of the natural process of finding your next life passion," he said.

For Foley, it's been over a year and a half since the start of her micro-retirement. In August, she told The Cut that she looking for a new corporate role because her savings were running low.

"Sometimes people I know from college will come into the restaurant, and when they see me working there, I can tell they're like, 'Oh my God, this girl's life has gone down the tubes. What happened?'" she said.

"I wish becoming a server or doing another noncorporate job wasn't frowned upon that way. Working part-time to support yourself and pursue your other passions shouldn't be a mark against you," she added.

• Traditional luxury vacations are evolving as the travel industry expands.
• Gen Zers now have more of a say, changing how the wealthy travel.
• From 'coolcations' to hyper-specific wellness getaways, these are the new trends to know.

Who cares about luxury bags, watches, or coats when you can put that money toward your next lavish trip?

That seems to be the thinking of some wealthy consumers right now, as demand for luxury goods slows, but travel and experiences continue to gain traction, according to Bain's latest deep dive into the luxury industry.

The type of people spending more on travel is also changing. Notably, younger, aspirational travelers are entering the mix. They want to ensure their trips are stress-free, value-oriented, and full of high-end experiences.

With the industry expanding and younger generations coming into the fray, the classic luxury holiday involving lounging around a 5-star hotel by the beach isn't quite cutting it anymore.

Here's a closer look at luxury travel trends that are picking up speed heading into the new year:

Social media is dictating wealthy travelers' itineraries, thanks to Gen Z

When it comes to luxury family vacations, Gen Z is increasingly calling the shots.

Inspired by social media and what they want to post on their Instagram and TikTok accounts on holiday, younger travelers are becoming more opinionated about the activities they want to do and the destinations they wish to visit.

Julia Carter, the founder of the luxury travel agency Craft Travel, told Business Insider that the phenomenon has become increasingly pervasive. Now, roughly 80% of family trips her company organizes are influenced by Gen Zers, who suggest destinations and activities based on what they've seen on social media.

"It's definitely the hotels that they're most interested in," Carter said. "You can go to London or Paris, but unless you get these money shots, as they say, how do you show that you really did it in style? The hotel is the proof."

Health and wellness are top of the holiday agenda

Wellness tourism is growing, and it's getting a lot more specific, according to luxury travel network Virtuoso's 2025 trend report.

From genetic testing and menopause therapy to virility treatments and brain-boosting, luxury hospitality venues tapping into wellness tourism are popping up around the world, the report said.

Slow travel isn't going anywhere

Black Tomato has also seen demand increase for what it dubs "silent travel," whereby clients who predominantly live in big cities seek intentional, quiet resets away from the hustle and bustle.

These vacations can last as long as a month, aligning with the already popular slow travel movement, which has seen people crave longer and less rushed holidays.

Samy Ghachem, general manager of La Dolce Vita Orient Express, told BI that he calls the movement "slow cruising" and said it originated shortly post-COVID-19.

Since then, Ghachem said: "People have developed an appetite, an interest, a desire to slow down, to increase the quality of the experience, and to appreciate that experience more."

The rich are paying to 'get lost' on vacation

One of the quirkier trends set to pick up speed is a desire among travelers to challenge themselves in the wild.

As Scott Dunn, a luxury travel agency founded in the UK, reports in its "What's Hot for 2025" report, there's a growing interest in remote experiences with clients seeking "to step out of their comfort zone, and use travel as a medium for discovery, deep immersion and transformation."

Black Tomato offers a "Get Lost" service, where clients are challenged to find their way out of a remote destination while being monitored by a support team.

Travelers who book the service often don't know the terrain or what they will be required to do upon arrival, but that appears to be exactly the point.

They're also loving the luxury all-inclusive

Luxury all-inclusive trips also seem to be having a moment.

Travel agent Fora told BI it's seen a 324% increase year-over-year in bookings across top-booked all-inclusive brands in 2024. Scott Dunn also listed the luxury all-inclusive as a key travel trend for 2025.

While convenience and the feeling of luxury for decent value are big draws, all-inclusive resorts that offer more than relaxing by a beach are among the most popular options.

As Scott Dunn reports, clients are booking all-inclusive venues that "go beyond the typical 'fly and flop' beach hotel to encompass everything from safari camps and remote lodges, to cruise journeys and wellness retreats."

Wealthy travelers pay big bucks for unique experiences

From flying to Texas for the best views of the solar eclipse this year to heading to Australia to catch a glimpse of the rare pink Lake Hillier or the Namib desert for the fairy circles, Black Tomato and Scott Dunn report seeing an uptick in clientele crafting itineraries around "once-in-a-lifetime" moments in nature.

The trend aligns with the "last chance tourism" trend that Will Bolsover, founder and CEO of Natural World Safaris, told BI is gaining momentum.

"We're seeing more of our clients booking trips and requesting experiences because they know they might not always be available," he said. "Sometimes these requests are related to specific iconic locations that are at threat of climate change, such as travelers wanting to see Mount Kilimanjaro while there's still snow at the peak and seeing Antarctica before the ice melts," he added.

They're swapping the beach for 'coolcations' in the summer

Some wealthy travelers are booking escapes to destinations known for cooler summer temperatures, a switch from the traditional desire to head to the beach.

Scott Dunn, for example, reported a 26% increase in bookings for trips to Finland and Norway this summer, while Luggage Forward, a global door-to-door luggage delivery service, said it's seeing more of its clients head to cooler destinations.

"With most of our clients being US city dwellers, we are seeing a rise in their interest in more remote, colder countries," Luggage Forward's co-CEO Audrey Kohout said. "This kind of travel is more adventurous than your typical summer beach vacation, with outdoor winter activities like skiing being the focal point of many of these trips."

Luxury vacations offering access to racket sports are all the rage

Sports like padel and pickleball are growing in popularity in the US, and the desire to keep playing on holiday is taking hold.

According to Virtuoso's 2025 travel report, luxury resorts are increasingly building "state-of-the-art" courts and facilities for racket sports to attract wealthy guests.

Dubbed the "racketeering trend," pioneers of the sports/luxury travel combo include the British billionaire Virgin Group founder Richard Branson, whose exclusive Necker Island retreat now houses courts for padel, pickleball, and tennis.

• Emily Schildt, 37, is a veteran brand marketer and CEO of Pop Up Grocer, a boutique grocery store.
• Pop Up Grocer, which has been called NYC's answer to Erewhon, has plans to expand across the US.
• Its success thanks to Gen Z viewing a pantry stocked with pricey snacks as a status symbol.

Emily Schildt is a millennial, but if you peeked into her pantry, you could easily mistake her for Gen Z.

Bank of America reported Gen Z customers spent more at premium grocery stores than any other generation in 2024. Younger consumers are more likely to buy luxury grocery items as they become priced out of more expensive purchases, like a house or designer handbag.

Schildt, 37, gets the hype. The self-proclaimed "peanut butter connoisseur" currently has two spreads on rotation in her Brooklyn home: One Trick Pony Nuts, a peanut butter made of Argentine peanuts and Patagonian sea salt, and Pistakio's pistachio spread. Together the two jars retail at over $25.

Schildt, the CEO of Pop Up Grocer, is accustomed to the price of luxury condiments. She launched the boutique grocery store in 2019 to spotlight the newest modern food and beverage brands.

The brand's first brick-and-store opened last year in the West Village. TikTokers dubbed Pop Up Grocer as New York City's answer to Erewhon — an upscale market chain in Los Angeles known as a celebrity hotspot and for pricing essentials like milk for $20.

Schildt was working as marketer for small food companies and saw firsthand how difficult it was for her clients to succeed at large retailers.

"You can obviously have a great product and a wonderful story to tell, but ultimately, it was really difficult, if not impossible, to find a shelf on which to sell your product," Schildt said.

That realization led her to launch Pop Up Grocer in 2019. Schildt told Business Insider, "I started as a single pop-up store here in New York and it was just 10 days long and it was really successful. So we went on to do nine more of those." Pop up Grocer raised a $3 million seed round in 2021.

Now, the company has evolved into a permanent store. Schildt said the store, which opened in 2023, has been successful "in terms of year-over-year growth."

"We have been fortunate to operate every unit since our start profitably," she said, adding "I'm very proud and excited about that."

"Now we are putting plans in place and making inroads to open a second store," she said.

Gen Z is redefining groceries as a luxury

The last four years haven't been without challenges.

First, there was the not-so-small hurdle of launching Pop Up Grocer during a worldwide pandemic. "It was wild," Schildt said, adding that she felt it has had a lasting impact on consumers.

People might be more "flush with cash" nowadays, she said, but "they're being very reserved about how they're spending it."

However, one demographic isn't afraid of splurging on pantry products: Gen Z. BI previously reported that Gen Zers are spending more on expensive snacks, food, and beverages than ever.

Schildt echoed this, telling BI the generation has redefined groceries as "a more accessible luxury product."

"A $20 Hailey Bieber smoothie from Erewhon might give you some clout among your peers and social audience," she said. Similarly, at Pop Up Grocer, some of the most expensive snacks have the highest sales in revenue.

A $20 Coconut Cult yogurt is small potatoes compared to a luxury handbag, but it still gives you a feeling of indulgence, Schildt said.

The Sephora of Food Retail

Like many CEOs, Schildt does some of her best problem-solving and ideating on the shop floor.

"I learned that I didn't really know my customers at all until, you know, I sat in our café for a week and watched how people use the store, what they're buying, and how they interact with our team."

It's a strategy that Schildt used long before she opened the first Pop Up Grocer store.

When asked about the Erewhon comparisons, Schildt said, "Erewhon is my Mecca," adding, "I went many times as a point of inspiration for starting my business. To go in there and to find camel milk as a concept was really sort of inspiring."

In the aisles of Erewhon, Schildt asked herself: "If I'm using the store in this way for discovery and inspiration, why isn't there a store that is created specifically for that purpose?"

Enter Pop Up Grocer.

"Ultimately, our goal is to be the Sephora, if you will, of food and beverage, of grocery," she said, "a place for discovering new brands and new products, for prioritizing, as a company, new brands and underrepresented and under-resourced founders across the US."

Aspirational grocery shopping is a promising market for Schildt to bet her success on. Erewhon made an estimated profit of $171 million last year and told Bloomberg it averages four times the annual revenue per square foot of other groceries. Bayley & Sage, a luxury independent grocery store in London, saw a 29% increase in revenue last year, according to the Financial Times.

Schildt wouldn't say where she plans to open the next Pop Up Grocer, though Los Angeles, a hub for the rich and famous of America, does seem like a logical next step.

If Pop up Grocer does head west, Erewhon should brace for some friendly competition, which Schildt said is necessary to grow the category.

"The more the merrier," she added.

• I'm the youngest of three siblings — and the only Gen Zer.
• When I graduated this year, I faced the realities of job-hunting and adulthood.
• I learned lessons from observing my sisters and other millennials navigate their 20s.

After 16 years in the education system, my time as a student ended on a random Wednesday afternoon in April. I was finally free from lectures, tests, and group projects — but thrust into the realities of a scarier world: adulthood.

In this world, there were no set milestones to tell me I was on the right track. Everyone seemed to be on a path to something greater, but I felt directionless.

I know I'm not alone. Every 20-something has probably felt at least a little bit lost in life. But amid mass layoffs and the threat of AI replacing jobs, stepping into the job market as a fresh graduate in 2024 felt like diving head-first into an abyss.

An August report by an early careers platform, Handshake, surveyed 1,925 graduating students. They found that 57% of the students felt pessimistic about starting their careers — an increase from 49% of graduating students last year. Of the 57%, 63% said the competitive job market contributed to their pessimism.

The stress of not knowing whether I could secure a job was compounded by uncertainty about my career. I had studied journalism but wasn't sure if it was the right fit. I had the irrational fear that if my first job turned out to be the "wrong" choice, I'd be relegated back to the start line of the rat race.

Amid a brewing quarter-life crisis, I looked to my sisters, aged 28 and 31. They do many things that people of my generation may scoff at, like watching Instagram reels exclusively and using the laughing emoji. But they seem to have figured out one thing: life after college.

Here's what I've learned from watching them conquer the Roaring Twenties.

Life doesn't end when school ends

Toward the end of college, I mentally prepared myself for the fast-approaching expiration of youth.

"You must treasure your university days," relatives constantly reminded me at yearly Lunar New Year gatherings. They painted adulthood as a bleak portrait of bills, mundanity, and loneliness. So, when the time came, I was reluctant to let go of my identity as a student.

But as the youngest sibling, I also watched my sisters graduate from college, get married, and build their own homes. I saw them achieve promotions at work, find new hobbies, and start a life outside the one I knew of us growing up together.

Adulting isn't easy — I now know that. But there are also so many new milestones and freedoms that come with it, and there is so much to be excited about.

A job is just a job

My elder sister works in communications and the other in architecture. Even when their hours stretched into the night and weekends, they built a whole life outside work.

One started a sticker side business, and the other is now an avid runner.

It wasn't always smooth. My second-oldest sister burned out after working too much in her first job and took a career break. She prioritized work-life balance at her next job.

In that way, millennials and Gen Zers are alike. A 2024 report by Deloitte found that work-life balance topped the priorities for both generations when choosing an employer. When asked which areas of life were most important to their sense of identity, both generations agreed that jobs came second only to friends and family.

Distancing myself from the idea that my job had to be my one true passion lifted a weight off my shoulders. As much as I still want a job that gives me purpose, I also make time for other aspects of life that fulfill me, like working out and spending time with friends.

Just give it time

As with most worries, the fear that I'd never find a job was unfounded. In July, I started my first job as a junior reporter. But when the first day at work finally ended, I trudged home in a daze.

"I have to do this every day for the next 40 years?" I asked my second-oldest sister, who laughed. It wasn't that I didn't like the job. It was the change in routine from school life to a 9-to-5 that unsettled me.

"You'll get used to it," my sister said. Six months in, I still don't know if I will. But seeing my millennial counterparts thrive has encouraged me.

It's not just my siblings who have set an example. At work, my millennial colleagues are a constant source of guidance to the Gen Zers in the office. On social media, millennial influencers brand themselves as "internet big sisters" and give advice on navigating the complex years of their 20s.

Older millennials are now turning 40, but they were once in the position of Gen Zers, being scoffed at by the older generations for being "lazy" and changing work culture.

Now, they've drawn the map for Gen Zers' entry into the strange world of adulthood. It's made adulting just a little less scary.

Once upon a time, corporate bosses, associates, and interns alike would set aside their different titles and gather each December for drinks, dancing, and conversation. There would be gourmet dinners, chocolate fountains, DJs, and even live bands. For some, it was a night of merriment and splendor; for others, of awkward small talk, followed by deep regret.

Then the holiday party became endangered. In the wake of #MeToo in 2017, more professionals began rethinking the wisdom of a boozed-up night with their colleagues. The pandemic and remote work delivered a near death blow. In a 2020 survey of about 200 HR representatives by the executive-outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas, a mere 23% said they opted for seasonal celebrations, nearly three-quarters of which would be held virtually.

But as the return to offices continues, companies are slowly reinstituting holiday parties. Last year, nearly 65% of companies surveyed by Challenger, Gray, & Christmas said they planned to host in-person holiday parties, within sight of the 80% reported in 2016, before the advent of #MeToo. If plans pan out, this year could have before-times levels of corporate holiday cheer.

The return of the office holiday party could be a happier development than many jaded workers are likely inclined to presume. With two-thirds of the American white-collar workforce working remotely either some or all of the time, according to a USA Today survey conducted earlier this year, face time with colleagues and superiors is no longer a default feature of the 9-to-5. That might not be a big deal for everyone, but early-career workers stand to pay the steepest professional price for missing out on the kinds of networking and mentorship opportunities that are likelier to happen organically in a shared physical space. All the while, workers across the board are feeling increasingly lonely, overextended, and disengaged. They need something — anything — to celebrate.

In a work environment punctuated by uncertainty and isolation, it might be premature to let one's inner Scrooge have the final word on the tradition.

From Fezziwig's ball in "A Christmas Carol" to the power-suited backdrop of the 1988 Christmas Eve action thriller "Die Hard," the workplace holiday party has been a fixture of the cultural imagination for generations. But in the mid-20th century, the event garnered its enduring reputation for sloppiness and day-after regret. A 1948 Life magazine photo spread from a Christmas party thrown in the office of a Manhattan insurance brokerage depicts, among other modern-day HR violations, a pantless male executive dancing arm in arm with a young female stenographer and a pair of colleagues leaning in for a smooch beneath a bundle of mistletoe.

Somewhere along the way, festivities evolved from low-key gatherings held at the office to lavish affairs that might include gourmet meals, hired entertainment, and even international travel and accommodation on the boss' dime. The pandemic notwithstanding, the economic pendulum has largely dictated its tilt toward excess or restraint.

As a Toronto-area DJ during the halcyon days of the late-'90s dot-com bubble, Baruch Labunski had a front-row seat to corporate-party splendor. "I went to many and saw a lot of crazy things," he said. He described being flown to DJ holiday parties in far-flung global destinations such as Bora Bora, Palawan, and Ibiza — and, on top of that, getting paid $50,000 to $100,000 per event. (When I asked how many holiday parties he booked in a typical season, he said only "many.") By the time the dot-com bubble burst and the demand for his services cooled, Labunski had tired himself out of the DJ booth and pivoted to a career in marketing.

Economic recovery in the mid-2000s spurred a holiday-party renaissance, only to be dashed once again in the 2008 recession. A few years later, Wall Street firms were reportedly back to enjoying hush-hush holiday festivities reminiscent of their heydays. The free-money firehose of the ZIRP era was in full force, and excess was back in style.

Danielle Kane, who was a reporter for a niche New York City financial-services publication between 2015 and 2017, said that one year her company flew the entire staff of 50 to 75 people to Berlin. "Hotels and flights were paid for, there was an experiential dinner at the Berlin TV Tower, and then they paid for everyone to get into a fancy club afterwards," she said. "It was a late night, and I've never experienced a company holiday party like it since."

For all their fun, these often cringe-inducing affairs earned a bad rap — one that may come to bite younger workers.

Despite some companies' largesse, the general workforce's enthusiasm for holiday parties has long been mixed. In a 2017 survey of American workers by Randstad, 90% of respondents said they'd rather receive bonuses or extra vacation days than attend a company holiday party. "The ideal situation," Constance Noonan Hadley, an organizational psychologist, told me, "is to offer activities that foster employee social health (such as a holiday party) without asking them to sacrifice their financial health (such as a bonus) or their mental health (such as time off)."

Companies squander the opportunity to make holiday gatherings meaningful in all sorts of small but critical ways. Hadley said the Christmas-specific focus of many company holiday parties could be alienating to workers who follow non-Christian religious traditions. Parties are often held at inconvenient times and places — too late on a weeknight for parents, in a location that has expensive parking or is hard to access. Holiday parties at big firms can also be loud, hot, and crowded, which makes it difficult to have meaningful conversations or meet new people.

Well-planned company holiday parties, on the other hand, can be a boon to employees' overall work experience and even strengthen company culture. A study of workers at several German companies in 2019 concluded that parties could encourage social bonding, especially when employees' feedback steered the planning. The study suggests, for example, that icebreaker activities that get people from different parts of the organization talking help build camaraderie, despite the eye rolls they may initially provoke. Over time, that can contribute to a happier and more cohesive work environment.

For early-career workers, the benefits can be more pronounced. Rick Hermanns, the president and CEO of HireQuest, a global staffing company, said social events could help make up for the "intangible aspects of career growth and camaraderie between colleagues" that younger workers may miss out on when they're partly or fully remote. In a 2023 Adobe poll of more than 1,000 Gen Z workers at midsize and large US companies, 83% of respondents said a workplace mentor was crucial for their career, but only 52% said they had one. While holiday parties aren't the be-all and end-all of workplace networking, they provide a critical opening to build and fortify connections.

"When I look back at my early career in banking in Los Angeles, I appreciated the time I had to walk into a senior executive's office or grab a beer after work with colleagues," Hermanns said. "Those are the intangibles you can't quantify yet ultimately impact your career growth." Simply put, face time matters.

It makes sense that Gen Z and millennial workers would be more enthusiastic about workplace holiday get-togethers than their Gen X and baby-boomer counterparts. "Company leaders need to help Gen Z — as well as millennials, whose workplace experience was hugely disrupted by COVID — to build strong interpersonal workplace relationships," Hubert Palan, the CEO of the product-management company Productboard, told Business Insider last year.

Given that much of the global workforce feels lonely on the job, it's not just the youngest workers who need a social boost. A new study Hadley coauthored evaluating workplace loneliness and remedies found that the loneliest people at work were those who were offered the fewest social opportunities by their employer. "In fact, the number of social offerings provided was one of our most predictive variables in terms of whether someone was socially connected at work or not," she told me. Hadley also found that while fully remote work did seem to increase the risk of loneliness, it was less significant of a variable than whether a person was introverted or worked for an organization that held regular social activities for staffers.

The German study suggests that a holiday party can serve as the ritual capstone for these more routine coworker events, making year-end hobnobbing just a little extra special. While the ideal party activities will depend on an organization's culture, a few basic considerations — such as hosting the event somewhere besides the boring old office — go a long way. Elements of fun help too, whether they take the form of a themed photo booth, a creative dining experience, or, yes, a DJ.

A dash of festive foresight can make the difference between the raunchy affairs of yesteryear and a few hours of meaningful, PG-rated bonding between coworkers. "A nice holiday event gives people a break in their wallets and signals that the leaders value personal connections and socializing," Hadley said.

For a company's youngest workers, the benefits may last a professional lifetime.

Kelli María Korducki is a journalist whose work focuses on work, tech, and culture. She's based in New York City.

• The red-hot US housing market could cool off slightly in 2025, making it easier to buy a home.
• Expect stable or declining mortgage rates and more housing inventory, according to Redfin.
• However, it's still prohibitively difficult for younger homebuyers to break into the market.

The American dream of home ownership has become increasingly harder to achieve in the last few years. Home prices are elevated, mortgage rates are high, and housing supply is constrained. That's not to mention the growing threat of climate change, which is driving up housing costs such as insurance, HOA fees, and property taxes in high-risk states.

There's both some good and bad news on the horizon for homebuyers, according to housing market experts.

The good news? On the whole, it'll be easier to buy a house in 2025. But the bad news, for younger homebuyers at least, is that's mostly just the case for boomers. Homeownership is actually looking as distant as ever for first-time buyers, especially Gen Z and millennials.

3 reasons it'll be easier to buy a house in 2025

First, housing prices are projected to increase slower than in previous years. Redfin economists Daryl Fairweather and Chen Zhao predict that median US home-sale prices will rise by 4% in 2025. Goldman Sachs has a similar outlook for 2025, predicting that US home prices will increase by 4.4%. That's roughly in line with median wage growth. Considering that US home prices shot up over 40% between March 2020 and January 2024, this sanguine prediction is good news for prospective homebuyers.

Another impediment to homeownership has been high mortgage rates, which have more than doubled in the last few years. The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate has risen from below 3% in 2021 to around 7%.

While a 7% rate is still high historically, it's a sign of improvement from this housing cycle's high of 7.8% in October 2023. And rates could come down further in 2025, according to housing market experts. Redfin expects mortgage rates to stay the same or decrease next year. Realtor.com forecasts mortgage rates to end 2025 at 6.2%.

Lastly, experts predict that new housing inventory will hit the market, bringing relief on the supply side. A Republican sweep in Congress is a positive sign for homebuilders, as the construction industry will benefit from fewer regulations, according to Redfin.

In October before the election, Jeffery Roach, chief economist of LPL Financial, said that an increase in housing starts, or construction of new residential housing units, was a signal for more single-family homes hitting the market over the course of the next few quarters. According to Realtor.com, housing starts for new single-family homes could hit 1.1 million in 2025, a 13.8% increase.

All of these factors could improve the housing market going into 2025. Redfin predicts that home sales will increase anywhere between 2% and 9% next year.

No houses for young homebuyers

But unfortunately, if you're a first-time homebuyer, you're probably out of luck. Redfin doesn't expect the increase in home sales to be driven by young or working-class buyers. It's looking likely that any new housing inventory that hits the market will go toward older Americans first.

"Instead, affordable homes will be snapped up by older buyers who are priced out of higher price tiers," Fairweather and Zhao wrote in a recent report.

Indeed, first-time homebuyers are having unprecedented difficulty in the housing market. It's typically more difficult for first-time buyers to purchase a home because they don't have funds from selling a previous home to use for a down payment and mortgage payments, Redfin said in a June report, but today's housing environment is especially hostile towards young buyers.

Wages simply haven't kept up with the pace of home price increases over the past five years. According to Elijah de la Campa, a Redfin senior economist, the cost of starter homes have increased twice as fast as incomes during that time. Additionally, for Gen Z and millennials, student loans and credit card debt are emerging as roadblocks to homeownership, as it's difficult to qualify for mortgages with a poor credit score and high levels of debt.

As a result, the median age of first-time homebuyers is now 38, according to the National Association of Realtors — an all-time high. That's up from 35 in 2023. First-time homebuyers are also an increasingly smaller proportion of the market, at just 24% in the 12-month period ending in June 2024. The year prior, that proportion was 32%.

Comparatively, boomers have an advantage in the housing market. According to Edward Yardeni, president of financial research firm Yardeni Research, boomers own roughly half of the nation's net worth and homeowner equity, giving them a leg up in the housing market. Now, as boomers age and look to downsize their homes or move elsewhere for retirement, they can take advantage of the home equity they've amassed from years of home ownership.

"Gen Zers, meanwhile, will keep living with family or renting until well into their 30s," wrote Fairweather and Zhao.

• Just like the generations before them, Gen Z has an extensive list of slang words.
• "Bussin'," "ick," and "mid" are popular among Gen Zers.
• Social media helps slang spread rapidly, but proper credit is often lost along the way.

Just like the generations before them, Gen Z uses an extensive list of slang words like "bussin'," "ick," and "mid."

However, unlike past generations, Gen Z has social media to help slang spread rapidly.

"The emergence of social media has created a situation where the potential for slang virality has increased," John Baugh, a linguist at Washington University in St. Louis, told Business Insider last year.

Anyone with an account can share and adopt new terms with just a couple of clicks. While this can be an exciting opportunity for people to connect and bond over language, it can also lead to appropriation.

Black and LGBTQ+ communities created many of the slang words attributed to Gen Z — anyone born between 1997 and 2012.

However, these marginalized communities often don't receive credit for their contributions.

When their slang enters larger circles via social media, those who don't know its origins can misuse the language, which can be offputting or even offensive.

Brands and publications marketing to Gen Z should be especially careful with slang as this generation values authenticity more than older generations.

And much like fashion, slang is ever-evolving. All these words and phrases will inevitably be axed and deemed "uncool."

At least for now, though, here are 15 slang terms Gen Z is using in 2024 and what they mean.

If you're told to do something "for the plot," it means to do it for the experience.

Saying "for the plot" is a fun way for Gen Z to encourage each other to do the wild, fun things that make storytelling fun when you're older.

Influencer Serena Kerrigan has been credited with popularizing the phrase, saying, "this is your reminder that if something works out, great, and if it doesn't, it's for the plot." In other words, your highs and lows are all shaping and contributing to your life story.

Whether you swipe right on Tinder or go out spontaneously on a Tuesday night, it's all about the plot.

Still popular from 2023, someone with "rizz" has charisma.

It's true; Gen Z has an affinity for abbreviations.

A person with "rizz" is confident, charming, and generally successful in romantic endeavors. The phrase officially reached the boomer generation when the Golden Bachelor announced he had rizz.

An "ick" is a turnoff.

Ah, the ick. "Love Island" contestant Olivia Attwood (now Olivia Attwood Dack) helped popularize the phrase during season three, but "the ick" remains a staple in Gen Z's vocabulary.

If someone gives you "the ick," it means they've turned you off, either through their actions or words.

"Icks" can arise from small offenses, such as using the "wrong" emoji in conversation, or from larger issues, such as being rude to a barista.

It's all about personal preference.

If someone lives "rent-free" in your mind, you think about them a lot.

When someone or something constantly occupies your thoughts, they've taken up residence in your head without paying you a dime. In 1999, one reader attributed the phrase living "rent-free" to advice columnist Ann Landers.

Though often associated with specific people like a crush or celebrity, the phrase can also apply to positive and negative events, like an epic concert or a ridiculous AI image.

"Mother" is a popular term of endearment for female celebrities that originated in LGBTQ+ communities.

"Mother" is a woman deserving of your respect who's had a profound influence on your life.

For some, that's Diana Ross. For others, it's Rihanna. Reneé Rapp, Mariah Carey, and Lana Del Rey have all been called mother, too.

Last year, The New York Times reported that people in the Black and Latino LGBTQ+ ballroom scene coined the term, which stemmed from the "queer subculture in which members are organized into so-called houses often led by a 'mother.'"

Michaela Jaé Rodriguez, who played a house mother in the groundbreaking series "Pose," told The New York Times that "anyone should be able to use a term that is trending" but that it's important to know and acknowledge where it came from.

If a person "ate," they executed something flawlessly.

Often associated with fashion and beauty, saying someone "ate" is a way of expressing they look amazing and did a great job.

Look at almost any picture of Zendaya on the red carpet, and it'd be correct to say, "She ate."

"Left no crumbs" is a continuation of "ate" that's used as additional emphasis.

If you hear "she ate," you may often hear "and left no crumbs" immediately after.

The additional phrase helps emphasize how perfect the person's execution was, though it can be used on its own, too.

For example, "Entrepreneur Mona Patel ate and left no crumbs at the 2024 Met Gala." That means she executed the theme perfectly — everything from her dress to her glam to the presentation on the red carpet was flawless.

"Bussin'" or "buss" means it's very good.

Often used to describe food, "bussin'" originated in the Black community and means extremely good or delicious, per Merriam-Webster.

So if your kid says tonight's dinner was "bussin'," just know you did a great job.

Something is "mid" if it falls short of expectations.

Whether it's a dress on the red carpet, a new TV show, or a pasta recipe, something that's "mid" is mediocre.

BI reported that Kaley Cuoco's 2024 Critics Choice Awards gown missed the mark, so it could also be described as mid.

Another way to say focus is "lock in."

You can "lock in" on an assignment, cleaning your apartment, or even a video game.

"Let him cook" means don't stop him from doing his thing.

While NC State ultimately lost to Purdue in the Final Four, DJ Burns, Jr. was a standout in the 2024 March Madness tournament.

His coaches clearly saw how well he was performing and decided to "let him cook," giving him more playing time in their five tournament games, per ESPN.

Why call yourself delusional when you can say "delulu"?

As we've already established, Gen Z loves abbreviations.

"Delulu" simply means delusional, but in a way that's wacky instead of worrisome, according to The New York Times.

If you're hoping to elope with the lead in your favorite romance novel, you might be a bit delulu.

"Sus" is short for suspicious.

It sounds a little sus, but this term dates back to the 1920s, per Merriam-Webster. The term originates from suss, as in, suss out whether someone is trustworthy or not.

Recently, the word reemerged thanks to the online game "Among Us," in which players try to determine who is an imposter working to sabotage their progress.

Cringe-worthy behavior may cost you "aura points."

A kind of cosmic, karma-esque rating system of cool, aura points are won and lost through a variety of impressive and embarrassing deeds. Talked to your crush with spinach in your teeth? Your aura points just took a hit.

"It's tongue-in-cheek, and it also seems to be a sort of weird contemporary honor code," philosopher Julian Baggini told The Guardian.

"No cap" means you're telling the truth.

The phrase "no cap" has been around for decades and has roots in Black communities.

People often use it for emphasis, similarly to "for real." For example, "My cat is smarter than Einstein, no cap."

"No cap" is basically the opposite of "cap," which is short for "capping."

"Cap or capping has referenced bragging, exaggerating, or lying since the early 1900s," Kelly Elizabeth Wright, a language professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told TODAY.com.

• Jamie Lynch, an operations manager, has noticed key differences in her employees of different ages.
• Gen Z values work-life balance, unlike older generations who prioritize job commitment.
• COVID-19 influenced Gen Z's approach to work, emphasizing health over climbing the ladder.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Jamie Lynch, a 34-year-old operations manager and content creator in Ontario, Canada. It has been edited for length and clarity.

I've been an operations manager for eight years at various companies, including my latest role at a real-estate media company.

I now also run Simply Jamie, where I create content focused on conversations with my Gen Z employees on social media.

As a manager who has worked with people of all ages, I've noticed differences between employees of different generations.

They aren't necessarily bad, but they're eye-opening differences in how we work. Here are four of the biggest ones I've noticed.

1. To call out or not to call out

For the most part, boomers won't call off work. Instead, they might come to work and say, "My car broke down. I had to borrow my neighbor's car to arrive on time," — but they still made it in.

Millennials can be that way, too. When I worked at a restaurant in high school, my manager still expected me to come to work if I was sick — there wasn't an option or a second thought about not working.

Gen Z, on the other hand, might say, "Well, my car is broken," or "I'm sick, so I can't come in." They don't feel an overwhelming guilt about calling in sick when needed.

I think some of this feeling stems from the COVID-19 pandemic. For three years, we told everyone not to leave their houses if they felt sick, and the younger generation has carried that message into the workplace.

I know some employees in the older generation dislike the younger generation for it, but I respect them, and I wish I had a bit more of their work-life balance.

2. To make small talk or to just not

Boomers and millennials are more known for 'water cooler' talk — or small talk conversations in the office. Before technology took over, that's what everyone did. You'd talk about the weather; we weren't all holding phones to entertain us.

Now, Gen Z doesn't feel the need to have those awkward conversations at work. They've grown up with a new form of distraction that previous generations did not have.

COVID-19 also occurred at a critical juncture in the lives of many members of the younger generation, causing them to miss experiences like proms and face the challenge of attending college from home because they had nothing else. Due to this, they keep to themselves.

I don't blame Gen Z, but older generations judge younger ones for being less social.

3. What they know and what they don't

Gen Z is tech-savvy. I consider myself low-tech and often ask my younger employees for help with my phone. They can also grasp new things quickly.

I've noticed that Gen Z sometimes doesn't know how to do other important things, like writing a check, driving without a GPS, or mailing a letter — that's a big one. To be fair, why would they? It's rare for people to send letters anymore.

Boomers can do these things as they grew up doing them, but technology is often new and harder for them since they spent most of their lives without it. Learning how to sign in and out of apps, for instance, can be a bit more difficult.

4. What they care about

The older generations seem to be more worried about job security. They believe in working hard because that's what you're supposed to do: you go to work and you work.

They're also more willing to deal with difficult bosses. I remember my mom would say, "You just can't let people get to you. All your bosses are going to suck," and that was the widely held belief.

Gen Z, however, has a different mindset. They're not as focused on getting promoted or constantly moving up. They need money and want a job, but they're not necessarily aiming to climb the ladder.

Gen Z also sets stronger boundaries around things like criticism. I don't think it's bad — if your job isn't your whole life and personality, why should you worry about losing it?

Gen Z does seem to care about social issues, like saving the planet. For example, reusable cups are important to them.

Every generation brings something different to the workplace, a whole new set of strengths and weaknesses. Understanding and using them as advantages is the key to harmoniously working together.

Timothy Danikowski was ready to start his adult life. After four years in a small college town and a fifth year back at home thanks to the pandemic, he finally moved to Seattle in 2021. Soon after, Danikowski landed a respectable accounting job, moved into his own apartment, and signed up for his first credit card, which he intended to use only for emergencies.

At first Danikowski kept on top of his balance well enough, but soon his compulsive shopping addiction and desire to see the world broke his discipline. "I built up points to travel," he told me. "But when I travel, I want to go shopping, and that's where the spending gets out of control."

In three years, Danikowski has racked up about $15,000 in debt across three cards, one of which has an interest rate of 28%. He makes his minimum payments each month — a task that has become much harder since he lost his job this year — and tries to resist the urge to keep using the cards, but his balance doesn't budge.

"When it comes to everyday things, I choose comfort over everything else," he said.

Danikowski and many other Gen Zers are rapidly building up credit-card debt. A TransUnion study found that, adjusting for inflation, the average credit-card balance for someone who was 22 to 24 at the end of last year was $2,834, a 26% increase from the average figure for millennials who were the same age a decade ago. The study also suggested that Gen Zers were much more comfortable with credit cards than prior generations were: They were opening more cards, were more likely to fall behind on payments, and were using the cards for more types of purchases. Alev told me Credit Karma data shows Gen Zers are acquiring debt at a faster rate than any other age group. The combination of an increasingly turbulent economy and Gen Zers' desire to make up for lost time via pandemic "revenge spending" has left many members of the generation overly reliant on credit.

"Gen Z really prioritizes fun over finances when it comes to things like eating out, shopping, and travel," says Courtney Alev, a consumer advocate at Credit Karma. "That combined with the fact that they have just had fewer earning years explains why their credit-card debt is growing at a faster rate."

While Gen Zers' overall debt levels are still lower than older generations', young consumers' early reliance on credit cards puts their financial futures at risk. "The financial burdens that Gen Z is facing today can really have long-lasting effects on their lives," Alev says, "including their ability to achieve key milestones, such as delaying big moments like marriage, buying a home, or starting families until they feel more financially secure."

Part of Gen Zers' interest in credit cards is simply the march of technological progress. The digital natives have more payment options than any generation before them, and they've embraced electronic payments and alternative credit methods like digital wallets and buy-now-pay-later apps. Meanwhile, credit-card companies have targeted young people as eager new customers.

There are also some acute financial reasons Gen Zers have been jumping headfirst into the credit pool. Pandemic restrictions, inflation, and high interest rates hit them hard as they were starting their professional careers and getting their financial footing. As young people sought solutions to financial stresses, and as credit-card balances fell, credit-card companies were more than willing to make Gen Zers an offer. The companies made getting credit easier in 2021 and 2022 by allowing people with lower credit scores to access cards for which they previously would have been ineligible. Young people opened credit cards at a faster rate than any other age group during the pandemic.

The temptation to use those cards was strong. Credit Karma found that its Gen Z members' average credit-card debt increased by 3.2% from the first quarter to the second quarter of 2024, while the average debt for millennials, Gen Xers, and baby boomers increased by 2.4%, 2%, and 1.6%. While credit-card balances in the US decreased early in the pandemic, it didn't take long for American consumers to start racking up debt again. Credit-card balances have risen by $396 billion since the first quarter of 2021, a 51% increase.

Some people accumulated credit-card debt in a wave of post-pandemic revenge spending; some were chasing points and rewards. Still others said they racked up big bills because they couldn't afford not to. Regardless of the reasons, it's clear that many Gen Zers are comfortable with their little pieces of plastic.

Danikowski, for example, told me he fell into the credit-card trap after acquiring an American Express gold travel card with a sky-high annual percentage rate. The card let him build up points, which allowed him to continue traveling. "I got so used to this lifestyle I lived for the last three years that it became hard for me to cut back," he says.

Others, like Nico, a 27-year-old advertising strategist, got caught in a post-pandemic spending cycle. After graduating from college in 2020, Nico moved back home with his mom to save money while working remotely. By late 2021, Nico was ready for a change. After he moved to Chicago, he started using his credit card way more. He was struggling to make his $1,100 rent on a $36,000 salary. In addition to paying his bills and making sure he had groceries, Nico was trying to make new friends in the city.

"I couldn't afford to live, but I'm in a new city, and I want to go out and meet people. I called those my fun expenses," he says. "I started putting all of that on my credit card."

Nico kept reaching his credit limit, and the credit-card company kept extending it. Three years later, he has about $20,000 in credit-card debt and a monthly minimum payment of $400, nearly all of which goes toward interest. Landing a higher-paying job has helped him start to get a handle on the debt, he said. He's stopped using the card and tries to make a payment of $700 to $900 each month in hopes of bringing his total down.

Credit proved vital for Emmaline, a 27-year-old web developer in North Carolina, when she had to make ends meet during a career pivot. She racked up $6,000 in credit-card debt while attending a full-time coding boot camp, using the card to to pay for groceries, car maintenance and insurance, and other life expenses. While the card was a lifeline as she tried to set herself up for a successful career, she felt ashamed and worried about her debt, she tells me. For a long time she kept it a secret. This year she finally opened up to family members, who helped her make a plan to pay it down and offered some financial assistance. After spending a few months throwing nearly every penny she had at the debt, Emmaline was able to pay it all off in November.

"I made sure I was only eating beans and leaving myself money for gas," she says. "I let out a tear or two of pure joy and relief when it was finally paid off."

Gen Zers are far from alone in racking up credit-card debt: The total credit-card balance held by US consumers surpassed $1 trillion in 2023. The number of Americans struggling to pay off their loans is also rising. But the particular danger for Gen Zers is becoming so reliant on credit cards so early in their financial lives. Higher debt, Alev says, can lead to lower credit scores that could make it more difficult to pay for things like a house or a car. From March 2022 to February 2024, the percentage of Credit Karma's Gen Z members with subprime credit, meaning a score below 600, rose by 8 points, to 33% from 25%, while the percentage of millennials with subprime credit scores increased by 6 points. Credit Karma said the average Gen Z credit score dropped to 659 in the second quarter from 671 in the first quarter.

William, a 27-year-old emergency medical technician in Colorado, has about $20,000 in credit-card debt, accumulated over 4 ½ years. His first job out of college in 2020 came with a salary of $27,000. Struggling to get by, William primarily used his credit card for necessities like groceries, bills, and car maintenance. But when a health emergency kept him out of work for weeks, his balance snowballed. These days, William makes his minimum payment, but nearly all of it goes to interest. He says he once dreamed of moving abroad and teaching English but has accepted that his credit-card debt keeps him tethered to a reliable source of income stateside.

"I'd like to have a family one day and be able to settle down and raise kids, give them a good life," William says. "But that's not something I can do until I have a better hold on this."

It's not clear that Gen Zers' habits will change anytime soon. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York said in August that younger debt-holders were more likely to be delinquent on their credit-card payments than older ones. Falling behind on these payments has given young people a bleak outlook.

"Credit-card debt is an invisible problem," Emmaline says. "You can't see it. It veils you in shame. It eats you like a parasite."

Alev says there are some steps people can take to try to escape credit debt. First and foremost, she cautions people to stay as far away from high-interest debt as possible. She also advises debt-holders to stop using that credit line and make a plan to pay down the debt, such as transferring the debt to a personal loan at a lower interest rate.

Most important, she says, members of the credit-card generation shouldn't bury their heads in the sand. She recommends people create a spreadsheet listing all their debts along with minimum payments, interest rates, and consolidation options.

When William feels suffocated by his monthly payments and interest rate, he can feel tempted to rack up even more debt. "Someone is always willing to give you another credit card," he says.

Danikowski, meanwhile, said feeling hopeless about his debt was pointless. Though he lost his job this year, he still took trips to Europe and New York.

"I know it's not a good decision," he says. "But at least I've gotten to see the world."

Erin Snodgrass is a senior reporter at Business Insider.

• A woman's creative out-of-office emails sparked debate on professionalism and workplace norms.
• Experts say OOO emails should reflect a company's culture.
• Legal and social issues can arise if OOOs don't align with employer expectations.

The backlash to a woman's creative out-of-office emails has caught the attention of TikTok and ignited a debate over how much personality to bring to work.

Thara Moise, better known as Chef Moise, is a TikTok creator and private chef who also works a regular 9-5 as a catering and sales manager.

In a recent TikTok, which amassed more than a million views, she said she had received the "same talking to" from her boss at her day job multiple times due to her "super cute" out-of-office emails.

The emails would include stories she'd made up, historical facts, or wellness tips.

"Tell me why I had another conversation with this man today about how unprofessional that is," Moise said, adding that she felt like her personality was being "smothered by corporate America."

"Am I wrong?" she asked.

Being creative can work

Some saw her creative automated emails as unprofessional, while others thought it was a sign that her workplace was stifling and restrictive.

"Imagine you sent an urgent email to someone and their automated response was a story instead of letting you know who to contact while they're out," read one comment, which received 21,000 likes.

Workplace analysts are also divided on the issue, saying it may all depend on the specifics of your office and the people in it.

Carla Bevins, an associate teaching professor of business management communication at Carnegie Mellon University's Tepper School of Business in Pittsburgh, told Business Insider that OOO emails are an extension of workplace communication.

"While injecting personality can make them memorable, it's important to balance creativity with professionalism," she said.

However, Rich Mehta, the founder of the digital marketing agency Rigorous Digital, said that adding some personality into an OOO email could be beneficial in the right workplace setting.

"From the sendee's perspective, getting an OOO isn't usually a nice experience," he said. "Surprising someone with what can otherwise be a bit of a rubbish experience introduces dissonance, which usually means you'll be remembered."

Issues can arise

In more traditional workplaces, legal issues might arise.

Jo Mackie, a partner and employment law specialist at the law firm Burlingtons, told BI that inappropriate, offensive, or rude messages should never be tolerated, "but that begs the question of who decides what is and is not appropriate."

Raising the conversation three times shows that Moise should take notice, Mackie added, as failing to "follow a wilful management instruction" in employment law can potentially lead to disciplinary action, she said.

"If this continues, there is also scope for an employer to claim there has been a breakdown in trust and confidence between the employer and employee," she said. "And that is grounds for a breach of contract claim and may lead to dismissal."

Reading the room

Joelle Moray, a psychotherapist, workplace dynamics consultant, and the author of "What Are We Doing?! Radical Self-Care for the Hustle Culture," said that Moise's story is an example of the need to "get it right" rather than "being right."

Moray advises that individuals start by reading the room and deciding whether their workplace is more conservative or relaxed.

Then, they should take some time to consider who will read the email and why they want to add a casual tone or anecdote.

"Are you adding a wellness tip because you're the wellness committee chairperson?" she said. "Are you adding a historical factoid because you think they would be interested, or are you adding this so that you appear interesting?"

Moise told BI that she had found the response to her video funny for the most part, though some had veered into bullying or calling for her to be fired, which was "unnecessary," she said.

"Most people expressing negative thoughts are projecting their insecurities about being different or odd," she said. "I am incredibly accomplished on my own and have always navigated the workforce with ease."

Moise's workplace did not respond to a request for comment.

• A 28-year-old used an AI tool called AIHawk to apply for hundreds of jobs on LinkedIn.
• He said AIHawk helped him land a software engineering job.
• Using AI tools during the application process comes with risks.

Applying for jobs can be a time-consuming and frustrating process, and some job seekers are using AI to try to make it more tolerable.

Guilherme, a 28-year-old based in Brazil, began looking for a software engineering role after he was laid off in April. In October, after little luck, he learned about AIHawk — a tool that allows users to easily apply for up to hundreds of jobs per day. One month later, AIHawk had submitted more than 1,300 applications on Guilherme's behalf and he landed a job.

"This the type of job I was looking for," said Guilherme, whose identity was verified by Business Insider but asked to use a pseudonym. "It was certainly a byproduct of AIHawk."

Guilherme is among the people who have struggled to find work over the past year and turned to AI tools to help them write résumés and cover letters, prepare for interviews, and apply for jobs.

To be sure, relying on AI during the application process comes with risks — including a résumé littered with mistakes — and it could be a dealbreaker for some HR departments. Additionally, in the quickly evolving AI landscape, there's a lack of clarity over how employers and job platforms view candidates' use of these tools.

Automating the job search process can save time

Federico Elia created AIHawk earlier this year, and in August, he published the code hosting platform GitHub so anyone could use the tool. AIHawk automates the application process for LinkedIn's easy-apply jobs — which pulls info from a user's profile to fill in an application. To date, AIHawk has been "starred" — or bookmarked — on GitHub by more than 22,000 people globally. There are more than 6,300 members of the AIHawk community on the messaging service Telegram, where users critique the tool, share tips on how to use it, and provide updates on their job searches.

AIHawk is one of many AI job application tools on the market. While it can be installed and used without any cost, users previously told BI that doing so requires some familiarity with the programming language Python.

Guilherme's tech background made it easier to use the tool. He said AIHawk typically applied to about 50 jobs a day and that some of these applications turned into interviews.

Guilherme ultimately was hired for a job he didn't apply for using AIHawk. He said he learned about the role after someone from the company reached out to him via LinkedIn. However, Guilherme believes AIHawk played a major role in the outcome of his job search. When he started using the tool, he said he began hearing from several recruiters about jobs he'd never applied for.

"I got several LinkedIn InMails a day, every single day, since mid-October, from recruiters, hiring managers, and C-suites of companies," he said, adding, "This was something that never happened to me before."

Guilherme said that he believes applying for so many jobs "boosted" his LinkedIn profile in the platform's algorithm — making it easier for recruiters to find him.

"With my account's activity being through the roof, my profile was boosted up in searches, which led to my new boss finding me," he said.

A LinkedIn spokesperson told BI that applying to more roles would not make a person's profile more visible to a recruiter. The spokesperson said that job seekers who keep their profiles up to date are more likely to hear from recruiters.

The spokesperson said that the company doesn't permit the use of third-party software — such as bots — that scrapes or automates activity on LinkedIn.

Guilherme recommended that AIHawk users spend time filtering out job titles that aren't a good fit and use interviews as an opportunity to practice their communication skills — which could help them land a job down the road.

Overall, Guilherme said the biggest perk of AIHawk was the time it saved him.

"Imagine if I had to do this manually?" he said, referring to the resumes he submitted with AIHawk. "I'd probably go insane."

Are you looking for a job and comfortable sharing your story with a reporter? Did an AI job tool help you land a job recently? Please fill out this form.

• Barbara Corcoran says it's "disturbing" how young people are being locked out of the housing market.
• The "Shark Tank" investor pointed to first-time buyers getting older and losing out to cash buyers.
• Corcoran said Trump-fueled inflation and stubborn rates are risks, and she doesn't see a bubble.

High prices, steep mortgage rates, and fierce competition are locking young people out of becoming homeowners, Barbara Corcoran says.

The "Shark Tank" investor and real-estate tycoon pointed to "disturbing" data from the 2024 NAR Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers during a recent interview on "Cavuto: Coast to Coast" on the Fox Business Network.

The founder of The Corcoran Group said the share of first-time buyers dropped from 32% last year to a record low of 24%. The percentage of cash buyers — who tend to be investors or second-home buyers — hit a record high of 26%. Plus, the median age of first-time buyers climbed from 35 to 38.

The report suggests that first-time buyers are increasingly being outbid by investors or people buying second or third homes who are paying in cash, and many are having to wait until they're nearly 40 to become homeowners.

All about that rate

The median sale price for existing homes rose 4% to $407,200 in October, marking the 16th straight month of year-over-year price gains, per the National Association of Realtors. Sales did rise 2.9% from a year earlier, the first year-over-year increase since the summer of 2021.

Corcoran said transactions had picked up because buyers were used to higher rates and "got tired of waiting" for them to dip. Yet she emphasized that a significant fall in rates would be "incredible" for home sales.

"Anything with a 5% in front of it is going to make this market go ballistic," she said.

Bankrate data shows the average 30-year mortgage rate soared from 3.2% at the end of 2021 to a two-decade high of 7.9% in October last year, but has since dropped to 6.9%.

President-elect Trump's plans to cut taxes and impose tariffs have stoked fears that price growth could accelerate, pushing rates higher. "Inflation is on everyone's mind and I think it's risky," Corcoran said.

She predicted mortgage rates would hover around 6% or go lower. Any rise "would slow down the market, it would slow down the whole economy, it would slow down all the support services for the housing market — it would be a terrible thing."

Corcoran also dismissed concerns that the housing market is overheated and headed for a slump. She cited the low percentage of home purchases made as investments, saying a surfeit of investors "creates a bubble big time."

"This is nothing like the last bubble," she said. "I don't see a bubble at all."