• Andrew Lambrecht rented a 2023 Polestar 2 to compare it to his 2021 Tesla Model 3.
• He discovered the Polestar 2 has a premium feel but lacks efficiency and tech compared to Tesla.
• If he were in the market for a new EV, he would choose the Tesla Model 3 Long Range RWD.

Last summer, I bought my second used Tesla Model 3, a 2021 Long Range AWD in the low $20,000 range, with incentives. I considered several other options but decided to buy another Model 3 for its engaging driving dynamics, wickedly fast acceleration, solid tech, and reliable powertrain.

I enjoy driving my Model 3, but the market has grown to include many more attractive options than just Tesla, like the Polestar 2, a four-door that arrived in the US in late 2020. It boasts a clean yet muscular design and solid, but not groundbreaking, range, charging, and performance.

The Polestar 2 looks like a good car on paper but flies below the radar. To learn more about the sporty sedan, I rented one from Hertz for a week to test it at $48 per day, which included mandatory airport fees and taxes. For the purpose of this story, Business Insider compensated me for the rental price.

Who is Polestar?

Polestar is a Swedish automotive upstart founded by Volvo and China-based Geely Holding Group in 2017. The electric vehicle maker offers three electric cars: the 2 sedan, the 3 SUV, and the 4 crossover.

Having roots with Volvo, Polestars and Volvos share a lot of components. Volvo recently divested from Polestar, though the two automakers still collaborate on manufacturing and engineering ventures.

Polestar 2: First impressions

When I picked up the Polestar 2, I noticed that my rental was the base version with a 2023 Dual Motor but no added packages besides upgraded 20-inch wheels. That said, all models' exteriors and interiors look virtually the same aside from different trim pieces and a glass roof.

As soon as you enter the Polestar, its Scandinavian vibe is evident. Its muscle car-esque proportions and higher-raked windshield make it feel like you're in a cocoon. A high-sitting center console, standard metal roof, and dark headliner material give the Polestar a sporty, mature, and premium vibe.

It feels well-built. The doors with framed windows produce a solid "thunk" when closing, and the blinker stocks, drive selector, and steering wheel all have a high-end feel.

There are some hard-touch plastics here and there (more than in a Tesla), but elements like the brushed metal door handles redirect your focus. The Polestar 2 feels better built than my older Model 3 but is on par with the refreshed 2024 version. I can see buyers preferring either.

On the road with the Polestar 2

Despite being an AWD electric sedan like the Tesla Model 3, the most noticeable difference is the weight. The Polestar 2 weighs 4,650 pounds — the big battery Model 3 weighs 4,019. 600 pounds is a sizable difference, and you can feel it when taking corners.

Still, the Polestar 2 is a rapid vehicle. With 402 horsepower, it can hustle to 60 in about 4.5 seconds. Unlike the Model 3, you can launch it by pressing your left foot on the brake pedal and right foot on the accelerator, then letting the brake go.

On the road, the Polestar 2 also does an excellent job of minimizing vibrations. While the new Model 3 is much better in this regard, there's a notable difference with my outgoing Model 3.

Another benefit is the added ground clearance and lower plastic cladding. While it's no rugged SUV, the Polestar 2 is capable of light off-roading with 6 inches of ground clearance.

Polestar range and charging

During my final day with the Polestar, I drove through the North Carolina mountains and stopped at a 350-kilowatt EA station outside Asheville. I recorded around 30 minutes to go from 17 to 80% charged. In that time, the charger dispensed 53 kilowatt-hours, which cost $30.91. This charging time is fine but not revolutionary.

The Polestar 2 has a peak charge rate of 150 kilowatts but dropped below the 100-kilowatt threshold by around 55%. The Model 3 has a peak of 250 kilowatts, but it sees a similar drop to the 100-kilowatt mark at around 60% charge. The big difference is its efficiency. The Polestar has a battery similar in capacity to my Model 3, but it can't go as far on a charge.

I recorded an estimated 224 miles of range at 70 miles per hour. My 2021 Model 3 can get around 270 miles within that speed range. Since the Polestar 2 isn't as efficient as the Tesla Model 3, it'll need more energy to travel the same distance, increasing the cost.

I never had any anxiety with the Polestar, as its range was still more than ample for my driving, averaging over 100 miles per day. When I get to campus, I plug in and head to class.

Average tech and missing safety features

Despite having a sticker price above $50,000, the Polestar had virtually no safety features. This one didn't have adaptive cruise control, lane centering assist, or even a blind spot monitor. For comparison, every new Tesla, Hyundai, Kia, Volkswagen, and Toyota EV comes with adaptive cruise control as standard.

Another disappointing area of the Polestar 2 is its lackluster technology. While the Polestar features two crisp displays powered by Google software, the computer chip powering them is an Intel A3900 chip, which debuted in 2016. The result is a display that can be laggy and somewhat unresponsive.

Nevertheless, it's still better than other systems I've used before. The Google-based system effortlessly adds charging stops, telling you what percentage you'll arrive with and how long you'll need to charge, but for a fresh-faced automaker, it trails behind Rivian and Tesla.

Verdict

I liked many things about the Polestar but wouldn't buy a new one. If I were looking at the new market, the updated Tesla Model 3 Long Range RWD is the better buy. It offers 363 miles of range, better charging, more standard features, and a lower price tag.

If you're buying used with a budget in the mid to upper-$20,000 range, the Polestar 2 is worth a look. Just due to the sheer number of Teslas on the road, the 2 is refreshing. It drives well, has a decent range, and has an alluring Scandinavian aura.

While the Model 3 started it all, the Polestar is a solid alternative that checks different boxes. There's a lot to like about it, and I will miss my time driving it.

• Danielle-Ann Kealohilani Rugg moved back to Hawaii to care for her family during the pandemic.
• She balances event work, a tax business, and family life amid Hawaii's high living costs.
• Despite the challenges, she finds beauty in Hawaii but would return to Oregon for lower living costs.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Danielle-Ann Kealohilani Rugg, a 39-year-old entrepreneur and event staff professional who relocated from Oregon to Hawaii. It's been edited for length and clarity.

I have an ever-evolving career. I balance my event work with Aloha HP, running a successful tax practice, and caring for my family on Oahu in Hawaii.

My path has been a mix of culinary aspirations, entrepreneurial ventures, and family-driven decisions. I was born and raised on Oahu. In 2005, when my twin daughters were 1, I moved to California, where I lived for six years before settling in Oregon. Oregon became home for most of my children's lives, spanning the last decade.

I've been back on Oahu since the pandemic, and while it's gorgeous, the high cost of living is challenging.

My professional life began with a passion for food

I moved to Oregon after a divorce to help care for my grandparents, and I fell in love with everything about the state. I had always seen the different seasons in movies and TV shows and longed to experience them, and that dream finally came true. The other amazing thing about the state was the absence of sales tax.

I enrolled at Le Cordon Bleu in Portland to pursue my passion for baking and pâtisserie. After completing the two-year associate degree program, I worked in various roles, from baker to cashier to server.

Each position taught me invaluable lessons about customer service, multitasking, and time management, especially when catering large events. It wasn't just about bread and coffee cups but about creating memorable client experiences.

My family always came first. Wanting to be closer to my children, I became a lunch lady at their high school. Surprisingly, this was one of the most fulfilling roles I've had.

I continued my side hustle while in Oregon

I shift gears every February and dive into tax season with my mother. We've been running a tax prep business since my early 20s. We realized the hard work we put in for someone else's business could be channeled into something of our own.

The time zone difference was challenging while I was in Oregon, but we made it work. Depending on our clientele for the year, we make $50,000 to $75,000 annually.

My mother and I get along very well. Our relationship is not perfect, but we've found a good balance between our professional and personal lives.

The only downside I experienced in Oregon was the limited places to swim

The ocean was about an hour and a half away, but the water was always freezing. Although it was beautiful, going to a beach and being unable to jump in dampened the experience.

There were lakes, but they were freezing because all the freshwater came from the mountains. We also had a few facilities we could go to, but that would involve getting a membership, and not all of them were indoors.

When the pandemic hit, my family had to make a change

In 2020, as the world was grappling with the onset of COVID-19, my mother suffered an injury, and she needed help. She lived in Honolulu, and despite the comfortable life my children and I had built in Oregon, I needed to return home.

It wasn't an easy decision, especially during my kids' junior year in high school, but sometimes life demands hard choices. The transition was tough, but ultimately, it was the right move for my mother's well-being. We also moved my grandmother back with us, who has dementia.

Back on Oahu, I found a job with Aloha HP, a Hawaiian staffing company. Aloha HP allowed me to keep up with my business while maintaining an open schedule to care for my family, which was a relief.

I'm primarily involved with event staff work

I do anything from setting up for weddings and banquets to serving guests. These gigs can last four to nine hours.

I average about 80 hours of work a month and earn between $1,350 and $1,900. It's a dynamic way to work, and I enjoy its variety and challenges.

I've learned my self-care cannot be an afterthought. I always carve out two days during my hectic workweek just for myself.

Now that I'm back in Hawaii, the downsides are clear

The cost of living is one of Hawaii's biggest downsides. When I lived in Oregon, my rent for my three-bedroom, two-bath, two-car garage home with a yard was $1,500. Electricity was, on average, $250, and my water bill was around $80. Car registration for both of my cars totaled $275 for two years. Groceries cost us around $500 a month.

Now, my rent, which my family helps with, is $3,550 for a slightly larger home than I had in Oregon. Our electricity is almost three times the amount I paid in Oregon, running on average $660 and up. Water is around $220, and car registration is $445, but only valid for one year.

The grocery stores here also have inflated prices. I may earn more money in Hawaii, but it's offset by the cost of living in Hawaii being much greater than in Oregon.

It's still paradise

Living in paradise is amazing; don't get me wrong. I'm close to my family, the ocean is nearby, the sun almost always shines, and even when it doesn't, the rain is a nice, cool temperature — not freezing cold.

Still, if I had to choose between the two places, I would move back to Oregon, only because the cost of living here is so high.

I've realized, though, that Hawaii is and always will be home. Despite the changes in times and technological advancements, living on an island still offers so much beauty. Just being here is a gift in itself.

Even though I once said I'd never move back, life has a way of leading you where you need to be.

• A software engineer left a FAANG company for Oracle in 2024 due to a cultural mismatch.
• He felt micromanaged and a lack of trust at the FAANG company even though he worked intense hours.
• Oracle offered a structured onboarding process and a collaborative environment, and he plans to stay.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with a 27-year-old software engineer at Oracle who previously worked at a FAANG company. The source's name and full employment history are known to Business Insider but are not named to protect their privacy. The following has been edited for length and clarity.

In March 2022, I interviewed with a FAANG company for a software engineering role.

I heard back from my final round within a few days and started about three weeks after signing the offer. I didn't stay at the FAANG company very long because the culture was not a fit for me.

I'm now at Oracle and don't plan on leaving. Here's how my work experiences at both companies compare.

The FAANG company seemed more focused on personality fit during the interview process

After an HR screen and a tech screen, I had a final round of four interviews back-to-back, each lasting 45 minutes. Three interviewers were senior engineers, and one was the hiring manager.

The personality questions were more detailed than the technical questions. They wanted to know if I demonstrated the company's leadership principles, so they asked questions like "Can you tell me about a time you affected change in a company?" and "Can you tell me about a time you went above and beyond for a customer?"

The technical questions were on standard LeetCode and system design. I was asked to whiteboard and design a service similar to Instagram and discuss how I'd engineer it to scale to a billion users.

The FAANG company sought candidates willing to work long hours

The interviewers didn't ask directly how long I was willing to work, but they asked: "Tell me about a time when you had to meet an aggressive deadline." The hiring manager also told me the team I'd be joining was fairly new and wanted to roll out the technology they were developing quickly.

I did notice a few more red flags. Everyone I interviewed with had joined within the past year and a half. Most folks I interviewed with at Oracle had been at the company for four to six years.

One of the senior engineers at the FAANG company said it's fast-paced and has a work-hard culture, so there's a lot of turnover. However, I'd also get to learn a lot and work on features that millions of customers would use, and I was looking forward to that experience.

My Oracle interview process took longer

I interviewed with Oracle in February 2024 and started in March.

The steps were the same, but the Oracle process focused more on technical ability than the FAANG company.

In the final round, I was interviewed by two senior engineers, the hiring manager, and a product manager. The senior engineers and my hiring manager also asked me standard LeetCode and system design questions. My hiring manager asked if I had data center experience, which I didn't. The product manager asked me to go deep into the technical stuff I previously worked on.

The offer negotiation process was pretty similar for both companies

Both times, I had competing offers and asked them to match compensation. They matched it by increasing the amount of vested stock they'd give me, and I got a 10% total compensation increase from both.

Oracle's RSU vesting is spread evenly across four years. At the FAANG company, the four-year stock vest schedule was 5% for year one, 15% for year two, 40% for year three, and 40% for year four.

After my first year at the FAANG company, I received a 3% raise on my base pay. I haven't received a raise at Oracle yet.

I found Oracle's onboarding process to be much more structured

The initial few weeks at both companies were spent getting access to code bases, familiarizing myself with the teams' work, and having a lot of 1:1 meetings.

At Oracle, everyone helped explain the organization's overall mission. The team had an onboarding document that I could follow that outlined expectations.

There was no structure or clear expectations in the first few weeks at the FAANG company. Management also didn't focus much on helping people get onboarded.

My FAANG coworkers seemed very focused on their level of seniority

Almost every single engineer I met in my first week at the FAANG company either asked me a question about how I could help them get a promotion or was very closed off and wouldn't communicate much. One midlevel engineer asked me in our first meeting whether I'd be open to being "mentored" by him so he could use me as a data point to support his coming promotion.

Another engineer I met with told me, "That is between me and my manager," when I asked him about his long-term career goals during our first meeting. I asked my skip-level manager a question about the team, and he told me my question was better suited for a lower-level manager, not him.

At Oracle, everyone was friendly and gave me information and advice on succeeding.

Oracle has a sense of teamwork and collaboration that the FAANG company did not have

In my experience, micromanagement is virtually nonexistent at Oracle. Management and executives allow engineers and other contributors to set their own deadlines and expectations. I felt trusted.

The culture at the FAANG company was one of the most intense I've been part of. My teammates and I regularly worked until late into the night, and there was lots of micromanagement, which is one of the reasons I left. It felt like there was a lack of trust in lower-level employees.

It affected both my mental and physical health. My sleep pattern was chaotic, and I skipped a lot of meals because of the constant stress and anxiety.

Since I left the FAANG company for Oracle, I haven't looked back

The final straw was when the FAANG company asked me to relocate to a different state with three-months notice. I told my manager I'd move but immediately started searching for external jobs.

I got my Oracle offer shortly after. When I finally gave my two weeks' notice at the FAANG company, I felt a huge weight lifted off my chest.

Changing companies improved my mental health, and my stress levels dropped dramatically. I plan to stay at Oracle long-term.

Want to share your Big Tech job experience? Email Lauryn Haas at [email protected].

• Stella Shon experienced burn-like wounds all over her body from an allergic reaction to medication.
• One insurance provider paid almost $900K for the ICU. Her follow-up claims have been rejected.
• Shon has paid over $20,000 out of pocket for related medical expenses since her hospitalization.

Editor's note: Business Insider has verified all medical expenses and payments mentioned in this article.

I'll never forget the day I opened my UnitedHealthcare app and saw nearly $900,000 in hospital charges.

In August 2022, what started as flu-like symptoms rapidly escalated into a life-threatening emergency, and I was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, a rare, severe allergic reaction to medication.

After taking over-the-counter pain relievers and antibiotics, a rash spread across my body, and I was rushed to the ER with burn-like wounds, requiring immediate intubation in the burn ICU.

Nearly a month later, I was discharged from the hospital. It was a turning point in my life — not because I'd survived the ICU, but because the battle was far from over.

Long-term complications come with a cost

Over 26 harrowing days in the hospital, I lost my vision and developed raw wounds from my head to my torso. Just as my condition began to improve, I developed sepsis. Ironically, the treatment included a monthlong course of IV antibiotics — the same type of medication that likely triggered this nightmare.

In the first year of my illness, I attended over 50 follow-up appointments with specialists in ophthalmology, dermatology, gynecology, and infectious diseases and received a deluge of medical bills.

Overall, I was extremely fortunate that UHC fully covered the $885,855 cost of my hospital stay, except for my $5,100 out-of-pocket maximum. However, my ICU stay was only the beginning of the costs I would face in managing the long-term complications of the disease.

Prior to this incident, I had a flawless medical record. In the two years since I left the ICU, I've spent an average of $8,500 a year on health insurance, $11,000 on lenses to protect my damaged corneas, $1,400 on prescription eye drops, $3,000 on glaucoma surgery, and more than $5,000 on follow-up appointments with various specialists.

I've realized the cost of ongoing medical appointments and necessary treatments will become a lifelong financial burden.

My eyes were permanently damaged

Two weeks into my ICU stay, which happened to be my 24th birthday, I was taken off of a ventilator. I vividly recall the first time I tried to open my eyes and had to shut them immediately due to unbearable, searing pain. The condition left permanent scars on my corneas and meibomian glands, which are responsible for tear production. As my vision gradually returned — a miracle in itself, given that many SJS survivors lose their sight permanently — my doctor delivered a sobering prognosis: The damage to my eyes was permanent, with little hope for improvement.

I refused to give up on my eyesight. Fortunately, my cornea specialist referred me to an optometrist who offered a glimmer of hope: scleral lenses. Unlike regular contact lenses, these dome-shaped lenses are filled with saline, creating a protective fluid layer over the eye. This design helps treat corneal and ocular surface conditions like SJS and costs $11,000 for both eyes.

In addition to the initial cost for the lenses, there were ongoing expenses to consider. Supplies, such as preservative-free saline and cleaning solutions, added about $100 a month to my budget.

Insurance providers denied coverage for my treatment

The next hurdle? UnitedHealthcare did not consider these lenses a medically necessary emergency and denied coverage. If I wanted a chance at reclaiming my life, I had to shoulder the entire cost up front.

I called customer service many times to appeal my claim, with documented proof from my optometrist and the cornea specialists who treated me, saying I needed these scleral lenses. Weeks passed, and I remained in pain. I felt my only choice was to pay for the full cost of the lenses while continuing to fight my insurance — ultimately without success.

It's not just a UnitedHealthcare issue, though. I've submitted five insurance claims related to my eyes, specialty contact lenses, prescriptions, and burn scars to various other insurance providers, and they've all been denied.

My friends created a GoFundMe to help me cover living and medical expenses

I'm deeply grateful for the support of my best friends, who stood by my side every day in the ICU and started a GoFundMe while I was intubated. This fund became a crucial lifeline, covering my out-of-pocket maximum and the cost of the life-altering scleral lenses that now allow me to live a relatively normal life.

The financial strain was unimaginable and extended far beyond medical bills — rent payments, along with other living expenses, continued to pile up.

I spent a few months on long-term disability leave before leaving my corporate job by the end of the year. At the beginning of 2023, I shifted to a freelance writing and editing career instead, which afforded me greater flexibility to attend follow-up appointments and address my long-term needs. The main drawback, however, was losing employer-sponsored health insurance.

I'm self-employed now, and it's clear the healthcare system needs to change

My experience raised the question of whether coverage denials are specific to certain insurance companies or indicative of a broader systemic issue.

I'm now a self-employed writer and no longer have employer-sponsored insurance through UnitedHealthcare. Over the past few years, I've been covered by Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna, and now the University of Utah Health Plans through the Affordable Care Act, which comes with substantial out-of-pocket costs. And I've continued to face coverage denials for a variety of reasons. For example, my autologous serum eye drops — which are derived from my own blood and provide significant relief for my dry eyes — aren't covered by insurance because they lack FDA approval and are labeled "experimental." I pay $660 for a three-month supply.

While most of the scars have faded with time, many are still visible on my face and upper body. Last year, I had a series of laser treatments at the dermatologist, each costing me $250. These claims were denied by my new plan — highlighting that this issue isn't unique to one insurer.

After my experience, I understand why so much anger and frustration toward healthcare companies has bubbled up online since the murder of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson. It was a shocking crime, but the conversations it has raised have helped me process the desperation and powerlessness I've felt in my two-year struggle to appeal my claims.

I recognize how fortunate I am to have regained my vision and avoided financial debt from my ICU stay. However, one thing is abundantly clear: Meaningful changes to the healthcare system are long overdue.

A UnitedHealthcare spokesperson sent the following statement to Business Insider:

Ms. Shon's plan was self-funded, and therefore, her employer was responsible for payment of covered claims. In assisting her employer in processing these claims, we requested information from one of her providers, but we received no response.

• Founding partner Alex Witt shared three venture capital predictions for the next decade.
• Witt says that managers who've launched less than three funds will get more attention.
• He also says that five key technologies and the African market will see more investments.

Since venture capital funds plummeted from 2021 to 2023, VCs are looking for ways to stop the pain and regain a sense of control over their future. Still, many VCs predict the industry will significantly decline in 2025 due to high interest rates.

Alex Witt, general partner at Verda Ventures and cofounder of the payment platform SWFT Blockchain agrees with recent predictions. Based on his 14 years of experience in finance and technology, Witt also gave Business Insider three more core predictions for the VC industry's next decade.

He believes technological opportunity combined with changing demographics will shape the VC experience over the next 10 years, creating more investment space for emerging managers, five key technologies, and Africa.

1. Emerging managers will drive the highest returns in the next decade

As limited partners recognize that successful Fund 1s don't necessarily translate into successful Fund 2s or 3s, the VC landscape will see a greater focus on new managers who've launched less than three funds.

"Emerging managers have been traditionally underfunded despite their success," Witt explained.

For context, Witt explained that larger funds have a track record of underperforming: only 17% of funds larger than $750 million return over 2.5 times of capital. Yet smaller funds have been proven to consistently outperform.

"Funds under $249 million are disproportionately represented in the top decile and quartile of performers," he said. Witt explained that targeting smaller, high-performing funds will be critical for future success.

2. VCs have an unprecedented chance to back five transformative technologies

According to Witt, we're entering a new "industrial renaissance" fueled by breakthroughs in five key technologies he believes have massive VC potential.

• Generative AI: Witt predicts that key players in this arena will be companies with unique datasets, such as Google with YouTube data and xAI with X and Tesla data. Generative AI will even affect the finance and pharmaceutical industries.

  "Some impacts of generative AI to watch for include drug discovery with even faster trials and finance with real-time, data-driven trading.

• Robotics: Witt pointed to innovations like generative AI-driven physical AI — for example, Nvidia — and referenced Tesla. "Market leader Tesla is positioned to dominate this area with its 'robots on wheels' approach to manufacturing."
• Autonomous electric vehicles: Witt said Chinese carmaker BYD stands out as a global leader in data access and scalable manufacturing. "In terms of cost impact, more than 70% of Uber ride costs are labor-related, and autonomous transport will significantly reduce expenses," he said.
• Blockchain: Accessibility is an area to watch in blockchain. Witt said blockchain enables low-cost, borderless transactions, and more markets are using it. "For example, MiniPay, the #1 app in Kenya, surpassed Facebook and Instagram in downloads."
• Biotech: As an emerging technology, Witt explained that gene-based therapies offer precision treatments for inherited or environmental genetic abnormalities. "As examples, Moderna's mRNA success foreshadows the broader potential of CRISPR and similar technologies," he said.

"This era is reminiscent of the early 20th century's transformative, broad-based innovations like electricity and the internal combustion engine," Witt said. For VCs, Witt believes the coming decade marks a rare chance to back category-defining companies in emerging industries — but he emphasized that success won't come easy.

"VCs will face the challenge of identifying category-defining winners," Witt said. "As history shows, industries tend to consolidate around one or two dominant players, with only a small fraction of companies emerging as leaders — think Amazon and Google among the dot-com era's 500 IPOs."

3. Africa and the Global South will lead in VC-backed innovation

Beyond technology, Witt stressed that demographics are a critical and often overlooked factor shaping VC trends. He projects that population dynamics will increasingly determine the locations where innovation thrives.

"Demographics are destiny," Witt said.

He predicts that VCs will increasingly allocate capital to the Global South, particularly Africa, due to its "explosive" consumer and market growth potential.

"This shift will redefine traditional portfolio strategies, emphasizing demographic-driven investments," Witt said.

As support for his prediction, Witt noted that Africa leads global population growth, and that all of the top 20 fastest-growing populations are in the Global South.

He added that countries with aging populations and declining birth rates, such as Korea, with a fertility rate of 0.68, face a shrinking workforce and reduced appetite for risk and technological adoption.

In contrast, he believes that regions like Africa, with a fertility rate of 4.18, offer a young, growing population and expanding market potential.

"This is why some VCs are betting on the Global South as the next frontier for innovation and growth," Witt concluded. "Large populations equal large markets, and big markets mean that one or two successful companies can offset eight or nine failures, which is critical for VC success."

If you're a VC who would like to share your thoughts on the industry, please email Manseen Logan at [email protected].

• Viviana Vazquez grew up low-income but now makes over $150,000 from her tech job.
• When she first started working, she wanted to contribute to her family but struggled with resentment.
• After setting some boundaries, she's now able to save for herself while also giving to her family.

Editor's note: This list was first published in July 2024 and most recently updated on January 3, 2025.

I grew up in poverty in a $ 1,000-a-month rent-controlled apartment in Hell's Kitchen before the neighborhood became gentrified.

My parents immigrated from Mexico and met in New York. They married and had me, my sister, and my brother.

The five of us lived in one bedroom of our apartment while my dad subleased the other two bedrooms. We often dealt with rats, roaches, and occasional water outages, but it was the only place we could afford.

Today, it's a bittersweet memory. I'm 28 and live in a luxury one-bedroom apartment in Manhattan with my fiancé, Xavi, whom I met in college. Our place reminds me of the kind of apartment my mom used to clean.

In 2024, I earned over $150,000 as a senior content marketing manager at a FinTech startup — that's over five times the amount my family of five lived on when I was growing up. I also earned over $15,000 as a social media content creator.

Seeing my parents struggle took a toll on me

I remember my dad borrowing money from loved ones or banks to cover the rent. The day we got an eviction letter, my heart dropped twice — once when I read it myself and again when I translated it into Spanish for my parents.

My dad has worked a minimum-wage job at a parking garage for as long as I can remember. My mom babysat, tutored kids in Spanish, and cleaned apartments. She would come home with bags of secondhand clothes and toys her clients had donated to her. My sister and I would proudly wear those "new" clothes to school.

My favorite childhood memories were made at the local park because it was free, accessible, and almost always empty.

I didn't understand why my parents couldn't give me money for the books I wanted to buy at the Scholastic book fair or the Girl Scout cookies my classmates were selling.

At 17, I had to fill out the FAFSA and navigate the college process on my own while I watched my classmates enroll in SAT classes. I didn't know why my parents encouraged me to attend college when they couldn't afford it.

I started at CUNY City College before transferring to Baruch, where I graduated with my BBA in economics. I lived at home and worked part-time to pay my way.

We thought I was "rich" when I landed a $57,000 job

My first job out of college was as a teacher with a $57,000 salary. My whole family cried and celebrated for weeks; I was the first in my family to graduate from college, and now we were "rich" — or at least I thought we'd be.

I had already been helping my family with money for groceries and small bills, but now I wanted to contribute more financially.

After spending my first paycheck, I realized that between tuition for graduate school, paying off over $15,000 in student loans and credit card debt, and covering much of my family's expenses, I had no money to save or spend on myself.

I felt stuck. I wanted to give back to my parents, but over time, resentment built up in me. It felt like I had gone through all of that hard work just to fall into the same struggle that I had seen my dad go through.

I finally told my parents I was struggling and needed time to organize my finances. I would still help them, but not as much as before. They were supportive, understanding, and curious about how to pay off their debts, invest, and build wealth.

Now, I give back to my family, but within my means

I learned about personal finance through podcasts, social media, and Xavi. I quit my teaching job after realizing three things: I didn't enjoy the classroom setting, my earning potential was limited, and I was interested in technology and finance.

After networking and months of job searching, I landed my first tech job in 2021. Two promotions and two interstate moves later, I've increased my income by 300%.

Now, I consistently save and invest 30% (and sometimes more) of my income, allowing me to afford everything I wanted to do as a child, like travel and eat out. I send my mom money each month for her groceries, pay for my sister's phone, and pick up the check every time I'm out with my family.

I helped my parents consolidate their debt, refinance their interest rates, and invest in a Roth IRA. They were able to finally become debt-free in August — it was a huge weight lifted off all our shoulders. They've also been able to build up their savings now that they're debt-free.

We've accomplished so much on our money journeys, which I share openly with my community on Instagram.

Establishing boundaries was a big part of my financial journey

My parents and I haven't always been on the same page regarding money. They wanted me to cosign on a mortgage with my aunt because she didn't meet the income requirements, and another time, they wanted me to empty my emergency fund to lend money to a family member.

I didn't do so either time because it didn't align with my financial goals, and my parents weren't very happy with me. Ultimately, they respected my boundaries.

It took me years to get to where I am, but I'm thankful that I put myself first

I'm proud that I prioritized myself. Although I thought I was selfish at the time, I was making a short-term sacrifice so that I could do more and give more to my family in the future.

I was able to pay for their flights to Mexico for our wedding this year, and my mom and I surprised my dad with a new iPhone 14 for Christmas, which he loved. My fiancé said he's never seen my dad so happy before. It was also a bittersweet moment seeing my mom, who grew up poor, be able to gift him something so expensive. It shows how far we've all come — not just me.

Recently, I took them to a paint-and-pour session and karaoke; it was their first time doing either of those things, and they had so much fun. I hope to have more of these "first experiences" with them in the future now that they're debt-free and building great financial habits, and I can afford to purchase those experiences.

If my younger self saw everything I've built for us, she'd be so happy. While it feels like I overcame the cycle of generational poverty, there's still so much more I want to do, like become the first millionaire in my family and retire my parents.

For now, I'm focused on sharing my wealth with the people who deserve to enjoy it most: my loving parents. Their sacrifices are why I've gotten this far, and it's only beginning.

• Jennifer Gittelman faces prolonged unemployment after a mass layoff in healthcare administration.
• Despite extensive job applications, Gittelman struggles with lack of responses and feedback.
• Gittelman has one regret which she believes may be impacting her ability to get a job

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Jennifer Gittelman, 44, from Philadelphia. It's been edited for length and clarity.

After a 20-year career in healthcare administration, I was part of a mass layoff in April. It sucked, but I remember thinking it would be OK. I figured if I started applying to jobs on July 1, there was no way I'd still be unemployed by the time my unemployment benefits ran out in October. I was wrong.

Here we are in December, and I've hardly done anything since July but apply for jobs all day, every day. As the weeks go by, it's been getting scarier and scarier.

My unemployment benefits ran out, and I'm pinching pennies to hold onto my savings. If I didn't have my 78-year-old mom to take care of, I think I'd just give up. But I can't and won't.

I've been in healthcare administration for pretty much my entire career

I worked at a Medicare DME supply company for 15 years before resigning in 2019 to relocate from Florida to Philadelphia. I take care of my mom, and I wanted to move her closer to our extended family.

I quickly landed a new role in medical staffing as a traveler support specialist. Six months later, the pandemic hit, and by November 2021, my entire branch was dissolved, and I was laid off. After an intense two months of job hunting, which I thought was forever at the time, I landed a job at a medical staffing company as a compliance and credentialing specialist.

I worked steadily there until April, when I was part of a mass layoff. Luckily, I was given a severance package and unemployment benefits through October, which helped cushion the blow.

I decided to rest for the next two months before applying for jobs in July. I haven't received any offers, and it's been a scary, disheartening time.

I've applied to countless jobs

Nearly all of my time, other than cleaning, grocery shopping, and volunteering for a nonprofit, is spent applying for jobs. I've searched through what feels like every job board possible: Indeed, GlassDoor, LinkedIn, ZipRecruiter, and more obscure ones like PowerMyCareer, Monster, and PSG.

I've tried all the free job search memberships and even some paid ones. I've applied to more jobs than I can count and nothing has seemed to work.

It's frustrating because I feel like my résumé is pretty decent. In 20 years, I've only had three jobs, all in the same industry, and I have references from each place. I even have a letter of recommendation from a director at my last job.

I feel like employers have been unprofessional

For most applications, I'm not even getting a response from a human, let alone an opportunity for an interview. Typically, it's just an automated response saying the company is moving forward with someone else. There's no feedback, just rejection. It's insane.

I've had some interviews and a few that I thought went really well — we spoke for an hour, the employer asked lots of questions, we discussed pay, and they even told me I was moving on to the next round.

Then, I'd write them an hour later, thanking them for the interview, and I'd never hear back. The one time I got a written rejection from a person, I asked if it would be possible to provide some feedback as to why I was not chosen. I didn't get a response.

I don't get excited about interviews anymore because who knows what could happen.

I have one regret that might be making it harder to land a job

I didn't finish college, and that's the one thing I regret. I've thought about going back a lot over the years but I couldn't justify accumulating all those student loans when I was already making a solid salary.

Now I feel like maybe I should've gone back to school because, in today's competitive job market, it helps a lot to have a degree.

I feel like I'm in this gray area of being overqualified for regular customer service positions, but because I don't have a degree, I'm underqualified for higher positions, even though I'm technically qualified to do them.

If I get a job offer, I'm taking it

I'm getting more scared as the weeks go by. Before my unemployment benefits ran out, I'd go out and buy a coffee from time to time. Now I won't even grab something at a WaWa. I want to save every penny I can.

At this point, I'm not in a position to turn down any job. It took me forever to save the money I have, and at 44, I don't want to spend my entire savings being unemployed.

I always try to make Christmas really nice for my mom because, at her age, who knows when it's going to be her last. This year I told her I was sorry because I couldn't do that, and she was like "Are you crazy? Do you think I care about presents at this age?" I know she doesn't care, but I can't help but feel bad.

Sometimes, I think, "What if I didn't have my mom to take care of?" Maybe I would just give up, lay in bed, and become homeless. Having someone who depends on me makes it so I can't give up.

This time has been disheartening, but I won't give up.

If you've struggled to find a job since a layoff and would like to share your story, please email Tess Martinelli at [email protected].

• Lifetouch used the awkward holiday photo trend in its JCPenney studios to engage Gen Z customers.
• The trend boosted foot traffic and JCPenney brand recognition among the younger generation.
• One JCPenney Portrait Studio saw over 100 daily sessions during the holiday season.

Inside the Ocean County Mall in Tom's River, New Jersey, marketing professional Brandon Van Houten, 26, and his girlfriend of three years, Cassandra DiFabio, 25, prepared for their 15-minute awkward holiday photo shoot at the JCPenney Portrait Studio.

"I remember thinking, who gets their pictures taken at JCPenney anymore? It turns out a whole lot of people do," Van Houten told Business Insider.

The couple had a two-hour wait, along with dozens of crying babies and a group of twenty-somethings clad in all denim waiting to get their awkward on.

When Van Houten posted his photos on TikTok and tagged JCPenneyPortraits, the company playfully replied, "Sooo how do we get on your Xmas card list? Asking for a friend."

"The fact that they responded was both unexpected and awesome, and it made me look at JCPenney in a whole new way," said Van Houten. "It's clear from their social media that the portraits team is made up of a younger generation that knows how to engage with their audience."

In other words, this isn't your mama's JCPenney. In fact, it isn't really JCPenney at all. The studios belong to Lifetouch and its parent company Shutterfly Inc. and they're using the awkward photo trend to grow their Gen Z customer base.

JCPenney hasn't owned the portrait studios since the '80s

In 1983, Lifetouch, a national leader in school photography, acquired the JCPenney Portrait Studios from the retail giant. Then in 2018, Shutterfly Inc. acquired Lifetouch in an $825 million cash deal. So, in reality, the JCPenney Portrait Studios by Lifetouch are now under the Shutterfly umbrella, which becomes evident when customers are prompted to create or log into their Shutterfly account to receive their digital images through the cloud-photo management service.

Nevertheless, the awkward family photo trend has been a boon for both Lifetouch and the JCPenney brand. Not only do the JCPenney Portrait Studios maintain their original name, boosting the JCPenney brand recognition among younger generations, but since all 357 studios in the United States are located inside JCPenney stores, there's an increase in foot traffic.

Additionally, a Lifetouch representative told BI that their company leases the studio spaces from JCPenney, adding another benefit to the partnership.

The holidays bring in 100 daily customers to a single JCPenney Portrait studio

Linda, a JCPenney Portrait Studio photographer who asked BI not to publish her last name for privacy reasons, has worked at a high-volume location in the Northeast for three years. She told BI that during the holidays, her studio regularly sees over 100 sessions a day, with wait times ranging from 45 minutes to up to two hours, as DiFabio and Van Houten experienced.

"The only reason we're having these awkward portrait sessions is because they went crazy viral on TikTok," she said.

The social media trend commonly referred to as "This is your sign to do an awkward photo session at JCPenney Portrait Studios" took off last year and has continued to soar to new heights during the holiday season.

On TikTok, where people showcase live content from their portrait sessions, #JCPenney has more than 25,000 posts, with some videos getting up to 10M views, and #JCPenneyPortraits has over 12,000 posts.

"We had so much fun posing and working with our photographer that now we want to do this for every holiday," said 27-year-old Samantha Colon, whose recorded session with her husband garnered nearly 64,000 views on Tiktok. "I'm already thinking about Valentine's Day."

In the '80s and '90s, parents dragged their reluctant kids to the local JCPenney for a portrait session. Now, the kids are coming in on their own in droves to intentionally replicate a nostalgic experience from an era they weren't even alive for.

I tried the trend with my family, and my Gen Z daughter loved it

Inspired by all the social media posts in my feed, I booked a holiday portrait session for my own family. My husband and our Gen Z daughter scoured the internet for awkward Hanukkah attire and turned to Pinterest for pose inspirations which we practiced at home.

A week later, we drove an hour to the nearest JCPenney in Brooklyn, New York. It was my first time in a JCPenney in decades.

The photographer was very familiar with the awkward trend and alternated between instructing us on how to pose and looking at the shot list we'd created, thanks to Pinterest. The session wound up taking 25 minutes versus the allotted 15 minutes, which is likely part of the reason there's a lot of waiting time involved in these sessions — we waited for an hour when we arrived.

Counting our roundtrip drive and studio waiting time, the experience took four hours and cost $145 — thanks to a $70 coupon — between the $15 per person sitting fee and the 38-photo digital album.

We all had a blast, and our fifteen-year-old daughter is already asking when we can return and do it again.

The trend has captured a new generation of customers

Getting Gen Z into the stores and through those studio doors is hopefully just the beginning. Emilee Feneis, director of marketing performance for Lifetouch (Shutterfly Inc.), told BI, "This has been a great new customer acquisition channel for us in terms of bringing in younger generations, and our goal is to be able to retain them as customers for all of the different stages of their lives and grow as a business."

Feiness said during November and December, the studios see 90% more sessions captured than during the rest of the year. While the core of its business remains traditional family photography, a staggering 30% of the photo sessions this holiday were of the awkward family variety.

"We wanted to engage more with our younger audience and meet them where they're at, so last November, we launched our own TikTok account," said Hayley Schroer, a marketing manager at Lifetouch.

One year later, the brand's TikTok account has 11,000 followers.

At the end of the day, Nikki Massimore, director of retail photography at JCPenney Portrait Studios, whose team is responsible for training studio photographers, says, "It's not just about a handful of pictures. It's the whole experience of bringing people together in a whole different way to do something fun and unconventional."

Between the flurry of social media posts, it seemed to have worked The awkward family portrait was one of the most unlikely comebacks and a big lure for Gen Z.

• Viviana Vazquez grew up low-income but now makes over $150,000 from her tech job.
• When she first started working, she wanted to contribute to her family but struggled with resentment.
• After setting some boundaries, she's now able to save for herself while also giving to her family.

I grew up in poverty in a $ 1,000-a-month rent-controlled apartment in Hell's Kitchen before the neighborhood became gentrified.

My parents immigrated from Mexico and met in New York. They married and had me, my sister, and my brother.

The five of us lived in one bedroom of our apartment while my dad subleased the other two bedrooms. We often dealt with rats, roaches, and occasional water outages, but it was the only place we could afford.

Today, it's a bittersweet memory. I'm 28 and live in a luxury one-bedroom apartment in Manhattan with my fiancé, Xavi, whom I met in college. Our place reminds me of the kind of apartment my mom used to clean.

This year, I'm on track to earn over $150,000 as a senior content marketing manager at a FinTech startup. That's over five times the amount my family of five lived on when I was growing up.

Seeing my parents struggle took a toll on me

I remember my dad borrowing money from loved ones or banks to cover the rent. The day we got an eviction letter, my heart dropped twice — once when I read it myself and again when I translated it into Spanish for my parents.

My dad has worked a minimum-wage job at a parking garage for as long as I can remember. My mom babysat, tutored kids in Spanish, and cleaned apartments. She would come home with bags of secondhand clothes and toys her clients had donated to her. My sister and I would proudly wear those "new" clothes to school.

My favorite childhood memories were made at the local park because it was free, accessible, and almost always empty.

I didn't understand why my parents couldn't give me money for the books I wanted to buy at the Scholastic book fair or the Girl Scout cookies my classmates were selling.

At 17, I had to fill out the FAFSA and navigate the college process on my own while I watched my classmates enroll in SAT classes. I didn't know why my parents encouraged me to attend college when they couldn't afford it.

I started at CUNY City College before transferring to Baruch, where I graduated with my BBA in economics. I lived at home and worked part-time to pay my way.

We thought I was "rich" when I landed a $57,000 job

My first job out of college was as a teacher with a $57,000 salary. My whole family cried and celebrated for weeks; I was the first in my family to graduate from college, and now we were "rich" — or at least I thought we'd be.

I had already been helping my family with money for groceries and small bills, but now I wanted to contribute more financially.

After spending my first paycheck, I realized that between tuition for graduate school, paying off over $15,000 in student loans and credit card debt, and covering much of my family's expenses, I had no money to save or spend on myself.

I felt stuck. I wanted to give back to my parents, but over time, resentment built up in me. It felt like I had gone through all of that hard work just to fall into the same struggle that I had seen my dad go through.

I finally told my parents I was struggling and needed time to organize my finances. I would still help them, but not as much as before. They were supportive, understanding, and curious about how to pay off their debts, invest, and build wealth.

Now, I give back to my family, but within my means

I learned about personal finance through podcasts, social media, and Xavi. I quit my teaching job after realizing three things: I didn't enjoy the classroom setting, my earning potential was limited, and I was interested in technology and finance.

After networking and months of job searching, I landed my first tech job in 2021. Two promotions and two interstate moves later, I've increased my income by 300%.

Now, I consistently save and invest 30% (and sometimes more) of my income, allowing me to afford everything I wanted to do as a child, like travel and eat out. I send my mom money each month for her groceries, pay for my sister's phone, and pick up the check every time I'm out with my family.

I helped my parents consolidate their debt, refinance their interest rates, and invest in a Roth IRA. They were able to finally become debt-free in August — it was a huge weight lifted off all our shoulders. They've also been able to build up their savings now that they're debt-free.

We've accomplished so much on our money journeys, which I share openly with my community on Instagram.

Establishing boundaries was a big part of my financial journey

My parents and I haven't always been on the same page regarding money. They wanted me to cosign on a mortgage with my aunt because she didn't meet the income requirements, and another time, they wanted me to empty my emergency fund to lend money to a family member.

I didn't do so either time because it didn't align with my financial goals, and my parents weren't very happy with me. Ultimately, they respected my boundaries.

It took me years to get to where I am, but I'm thankful that I put myself first

I'm proud that I prioritized myself. Although I thought I was selfish at the time, I was making a short-term sacrifice so that I could do more and give more to my family in the future.

I was able to pay for their flights to Mexico for our wedding next year, and my mom and I surprised my dad with a new iPhone this Christmas. Recently, I took them to a paint-and-pour session and karaoke; it was their first time doing either of those things, and they had so much fun.

I hope to have more of these "first experiences" with them in the future now that they're debt-free and building great financial habits, and I can afford to purchase those experiences.

If my younger self saw everything I've built for us, she'd be so happy. While it feels like I overcame the cycle of generational poverty, there's still so much more I want to do, like become the first millionaire in my family and retire my parents.

For now, I'm focused on sharing my wealth with the people who deserve to enjoy it most: my loving parents. Their sacrifices are why I've gotten this far, and it's only beginning.

• Erica Rivera, a career coach, recommends six steps to achieve your career goals next year.
• She suggests starting by reflecting on past achievements and setbacks to reset your goals.
• Next, leverage your skills, networking, and progress tracking to land better opportunities.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Erica Rivera, a 37-year-old career coach in Chicago. It has been edited for length and clarity.

Before becoming a career coach, I was a recruiter for Indeed for around three years and Google for another two. I've seen many people end the year feeling like they failed or didn't accomplish enough — and I've been there, too.

I've coached people through layoffs and those who didn't achieve the promotion they were aiming for. I've also coached others who tried to make career pivots but struggled due to the current job market.

No matter the challenge, it can be discouraging, and any setback can feel personal. Here are six steps to navigate through it and attack that goal next year.

1. Reflect on where you are

If you're in a season where you feel set back it's important to take inventory of where you're at. Ask yourself: What went well for me this year, and what didn't? Am I still on the path that I want to be on?

We're usually our worst enemies, so separating facts from fiction is important. Ask yourself: What is the truth of the situation, and what is the story I'm telling myself? Cut out the excuses.

2. Reset your goals

After clarifying what went well and what didn't, set your goals for the new year. If things didn't work out this year, you might not need to change the goal but simply take a different approach.

If you didn't get the promotion you were hoping for or didn't land the job you wanted, ask yourself if there's an alternative way to achieve that goal. Maybe you could talk with your manager and ask them how you can get to the next level. Even more specifically, what are some expectations you can set and how will you track your progress?

If you're looking for a new job, identify your dream companies and build a strategy using specific steps to get there.

3. Learn new skills

If you're unsure what skills you need for a desired role or to work at a certain company, head to LinkedIn and look at the positions you'd like to have.

Then, look at job descriptions and the required skills for those roles. What responsibilities are those companies asking for? Are there any certifications? What trends are you seeing across each job description?

If funds are tight, there are a lot of great resources out there for learning skills, like LinkedIn Learning or Coursera. These platforms are great for learning and gaining insights and can be added to your résumé.

4. Connect with new people

In addition to gaining new skills, connect with new people who can help you get ahead. One way to do this is through LinkedIn. Find people who work at the companies you'd like to join and start conversations with them.

It can be tricky to reach out cold since people are often inundated with messages. I always say to focus on personalization and offering value but be concise because they probably won't read much. You might say something like:

I came across your profile while researching [company] and noticed your experience in [specific area]. I'm looking to learn more about [specific company insight], and I thought you'd be a great person to ask. If you're open to connecting, I'd truly appreciate it, but I completely understand if now isn't the best time.

Or better yet, if there's a mutual connection, lean on it to build trust:

I noticed we're both connected to [mutual connection], and I've been learning more about [company]. Your experience in [specific topic] stood out to me, and I'd love to hear your thoughts if you're open to connecting. No pressure if now isn't the right time. Thank you!

I typically recommend opting for a neutral reference especially if you don't talk to the mutual connection, focusing on the person you're contacting, and adding a low-pressure close. People are more likely to respond when they don't have the perceived pressure of committing to a call.

If you go this route, your new goal for the new year could be: I will connect with 10 specific people a week and DM them.

5. Turn to your existing network

Regardless of your goal, tapping into your network can be helpful. This includes people you've worked with, friends, or family members who may help you find job opportunities or support your goals.

You can also ask someone to be your accountability partner. If you plan to take a certification exam by a certain date, share your goal with someone you trust. Simply telling someone increases your chances of following through.

You can also ask someone in your network to be your referral, review your résumé as you apply for jobs, or conduct a mock interview.

6. Track your progress

Tracking your progress as you go is super important. If you want a promotion, ask your manager what you must do to get there. Then, track your progress — this could include documenting your wins to share with your manager later.

How you track your progress will look different for everyone. Some prefer using spreadsheets, which work great for them, while others find that journals fit better.

Even the smallest achievements matter. Maybe it's as simple as, I got up today and brushed my teeth — that's a win. Or perhaps it's that I reached out to someone I never thought I'd have the courage to contact — that's a win because it builds confidence for next time.

Write your wins down and use them to head into the new year with a fresh mindset.

• Reddit went public in 2024 and is a more popular, profitable site than ever in its 20-year history.
• BI spoke to 11 Reddit execs about how they've handled new challenges while maintaining a beloved culture.
• They shared everything from their favorite subreddit to what the IPO means to them.

2024 was a great year for Reddit.

The company went public in March with a $6.4 billion valuation and reported its first quarterly profit in October. Shares have soared 230% since its IPO.

And as BI's Emily Stewart recently wrote, Reddit has become more mainstream than ever. Its daily active users jumped 47% in the most recent quarter compared to a year earlier, thanks in part to an unprecedented number of people tacking "Reddit" onto their search terms — a demand the company will try to meet with "Reddit Answers," its new AI-powered search tool.

To find out what this year has looked like on the inside, BI asked 11 Reddit executives — or "Snoos," as Reddit calls its 2,000 employees — to share their favorite highlights behind the scenes of the "front page of the internet."

They described some career-defining moments and talked about managing through rapid change and a new level of pressure. Here's what they said.

What it meant to take Reddit public

"You can pretend that this all makes sense, and it's all business as usual for a little bit. But there are moments where I kind of zone out and realize the scale and how cool a moment I'm in. I guess the word to describe it is 'awe.'" — Serkan Piantino, 41, VP of product, New York City. Joined Reddit in 2022.

"There are always going to be individuals that say, 'Reddit is not what it used to be.' Of course, it's not going to be what it used to be. It's going to be what we make it in the future." — David Trencher, 43, senior managing director, large customer sales, EMEA & Australia, London. Joined the company in 2019.

"2024 has been maybe the highlight of my career at Reddit. We are so focused on starting with community. I think in '24 we've embraced that value more than ever," — Laura Nestler, VP of community, Seattle. Joined Reddit in 2021.

IPO day was 'so Reddit,' execs said

"Getting Snoo (the company's mascot) to ring the bell (rather than our CEO) was just so Reddit-y. It was a culmination of so many years of hard work to get here, and to see it all come to fruition in a very Reddit way was awesome." — Paulita David, Senior Managing Director, large customer sales in North America. Joined Reddit in 2021.

"We broadcast live globally, and I got to emcee the entire thing on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. We all got to see and feel what was happening." — Michelle Lozzi, 40, senior director of experience, San Francisco. Joined Reddit in 2017.

"It was so nice having our new Snoo mascot up there ringing the bell, symbolizing our employees and the community. There is a human in there. We cannot reveal who it is, but the only clue I can share is you have to be 5'10" to wear the suit." — Monica Benson, 38, head of brand operations and creative production, Los Angeles. Joined Reddit in 2020.

How execs managed through change and volatility

"The biggest change for us has been just the sheer volume of advertisers wanting to advertise on Reddit. It impacts my job pretty dramatically. With this increased demand, we're really embracing more automation." — David

"We run a lot of experiments, so failure is a day-to-day thing. Many of our experiments just don't pan out, and a lot of my job is to refine the idea and keep going or decide to work on something else. We're not a huge company. We still have limited resources, so we have to prioritize." — Piantino

"There's a balance of excitement and pressure that keeps me grounded. The fact that we have a real share price that we can use to measure our size adds somewhat to the pressure, but ultimately the excitement and enthusiasm outweigh it. Something we try to instill in our culture is to not get too high with the highs, and too low with the lows." — Jesse Rose, 38, head of investor relations, Massachusetts, Joined Reddit in 2021.

"I know what volatility looks like, and I know how much that can be a distraction for the team. I liked being a calming force and reminding people that, some days, they're going to say great things about you. Some days they're going to say bad things about you, but you are never as good or as bad as they say you are." — Piantino

"That (two-year pre-IPO period) helped us prepare our teams, which helped alleviate some stress. We were going into it knowing what we needed to do." — Trencher

"Some of our communities are growing really fast, and that can be a challenge. There are a bunch of tools that moderators can now use to handle moments of accelerated growth." — Nicole Heard, 36, UK country lead, London. Joined Reddit in 2022.

Execs say Reddit's culture hasn't changed

"When I came back from maternity leave, I wanted to know how the company culture had changed. It felt warm to come back to that authentic, community-building company, but the stakes are higher." — Benson

"People in our UK office genuinely like spending time with each other. Our office had some of the highest real-life visits this year — probably three days a week. The people and culture is what makes it an amazing place to work." — Sam Hughes, 33, senior client partner, London, Joined Reddit in 2021.

"When I joined in 2021, we had this really small kind of Harry Potter cupboard at a WeWork that sat three to five people. Then we got a bigger space with a whole floor, and now, earlier this year, we got an amazing new building." — Hughes

"We just hosted Mod World in our San Francisco office, which was where we brought in 60 of our moderators and made them feel like they're also a part of this. Because it's not just us building the product, it's them maintaining, operating and, breathing life into it." — Lozzi

"My team has grown from three to eight this year. What I'm looking for is people who understand the human interactions that happen on Reddit, and understand exactly what Reddit stands for in the social media landscape." — Alia Chikhdene, 30, head of community, international, Paris. At Reddit since 2021.

Favorite projects included offline community-building

"I was able to travel to countries all over and meet moderators in local markets. I recently got back from a trip to Manila to see the people in our community called Coffee Philippines. Seeing local communities start to thrive and build local ecosystems is really magical." — Nestler

"Our mods are now able to access community funds, where they can apply for funding to do something great with their community and create an impact. The mods of r/Eurovision got funding to go to this year's competition in Sweden to meet the artists and take AMA questions. This became one of the top five fastest-growing communities in the UK, Germany, and Spain. It was a really impactful initiative that helped connect that community to the artists they love." — Heard

Reddit employees shared their top Subreddits

r/skincareaddiction. "I'm always trying to figure out how I can address these wrinkles and get glowing skin." — Young

r/PhotoshopRequest: "You can send in photos, and the community will do an incredible job for you." — Lozzi

r/vosfinances: "This is a community that is really helping with financial literacy. You're one question away from building your future wealth plan." — Chikhdene

r/askmeuf: "This translates to 'ask women.' I'm incredibly grateful to the mods who have built this space and made it safe, vibrant, and inclusive, and making it culturally available to French women." — Chikhdene

r/moderatelygranolamoms - "I'm often looking for the most non-toxic, sustainable products and ways to raise my baby, and this is the perfect group for talking about that." — Benson

r/TrueOffMyChest - "It's a very vulnerable place where people can be anonymous and just share personal stories they wouldn't anywhere else." — Benson

• Chris Williams, ex-VP of HR at Microsoft, shares advice on how to bounce back from mistakes at work.
• He suggests employees take three steps: own it, fix it, and prevent it.
• Williams used these steps to fix a big mistake he made at Microsoft and was eventually promoted.

As the VP of HR at Microsoft, I saw a lot of people make mistakes. From simple math on their expense accounts to serious errors in judgment that required the local police to resolve. Also, much of what I learned about handling mistakes at work came from an enormous mistake I made years ago.

Everyone makes mistakes, but at work, it seems like they hit harder.

On the job, consequences often warrant more than simply, "Oops, my bad." Mistakes at work often cost a lot of money and might put jobs at risk — even your own. Here are the three steps you should take to help save your job or even career when you make an error at work: own it, fix it, and prevent it.

Own it

The first step to resolving an error at work is to take responsibility for the mistake. If you made the error, don't deflect, don't blame the computer, don't pretend it didn't happen. Own it.

Tell your boss as soon as possible before things spiral out of control.

For example, many years ago, I wrote the copy protection code for Foxpro, the database software that was eventually sold to Microsoft. I tested it on dozens of machines in every case I could find.

The very day we released a beta version, it froze the receptionist's computer — not just crashed it, but locked it up so the machine couldn't even boot. I quickly discovered it was my code that had caused it, and we had just sent that code to thousands of testers.

My code could've locked up dozens or hundreds of customer computers.

I realized my error wasn't that complex, so I immediately enlisted the help of all of my peers to discover the extent of the problem and potential fixes. My friend in shipping stopped the copies that had not been sent, and my colleague sent a message to every beta tester not to install the software. For some users, it was too late, so I quickly developed a tool to recover the frozen machines.

By the end of the day, I had a fix for the receptionist's machine that we could apply worldwide. We posted those steps as quickly as we could.

I survived the error with the help of my friends.

On the other hand, in very rare cases, the mistake is very serious, even potentially illegal. If you think what you've done exposes you or the company to legal liability, get some protection. It might be a good idea to consult a personal attorney right away.

Fix it

Often the best thing to do when you've made a mistake is to repair the damage. Correct the report and let everyone know it's been fixed. Clean up the mess on the shop floor. Make an adjustment entry to the inventory.

As a manager later in my career, I very much appreciated people who could say, "Hey, I broke this thing, but don't worry, I've already fixed it.

Whatever the mistake, a key part of owning the problem is fixing it. If the damage is out of your hands or beyond your abilities, at least understand and explain it as best you can. You are uniquely positioned to know how it got broken, that knowledge can go a long way to fixing the problem. So tell that part of the story too.

Also, it's never a good idea to fix things and hide them, pretending they didn't happen. Not only is that not true, but it has many negative effects. If your mistake is later discovered, the trust relationship you have with your boss is gone — maybe irreparably. Mistakes can be forgiven, but untrustworthiness is harder to repair.

There may have even been side consequences to your mistake that you didn't see, which could ripple far and wide. That glitch in the inventory could result in distrust of the inventory system overall and lead to far broader issues.

Prevent It

That leads us to the next step: stopping it from happening again.

As the person who made the error, you have a unique view of how similar mistakes can happen. You can provide insight into ways to prevent them.

In my case, I worked to ensure we had a broader selection of test machines and developed a new set of test cases for all our security code. I was probably the only one who understood the impact of my mistake and was the best one to implement changes.

Work with your manager to identify ways to prevent the error. Maybe it's as simple as a checklist. Perhaps more than one person needs to review it. Maybe there needs to be software or physical locks to prevent the possibility of the mistake again.

The one thing we all learn early on is to learn from our mistakes.

A mistake at work doesn't have to end your career

In my case, the error that I owned and fixed certainly didn't slow my career. Not long after, I was promoted to development manager for the company. I'm sure my transparency and ownership were part of the reasons I was trusted for that role.

When you make a mistake, the best way for the entire company to learn from it is for you to own the mistake, fix it, and work to prevent it from ever happening again.

Chris Williams is a former VP of HR at Microsoft. He's an executive-level advisor and consultant with more than 40 years of experience leading and building teams.

• Damola Adamolekun, CEO of Red Lobster, shares three books that influenced his career in 2024.
• Adamolekun was formerly CEO of P.F. Changs, which he helped generate $1 billion in revenue a year.
• He describes "Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius as a timeless guide to leading.

At 35, Damola Adamolekun is the youngest CEO of Red Lobster of all time. The former Goldman Sachs investment banker and Harvard Business School alum was appointed CEO in August, just months after the seafood chain filed for bankruptcy.

Investors are likely hoping Adamolekun will recreate the restaurant resurgence he accomplished during his tenure as CEO of P.F. Changs from 2019 to 2023, during which he helped the struggling chain generate an estimated $1 billion in revenue a year.

The Nigerian-American businessman shared with Business Insider the three books that helped him navigate his career in 2024.

Business Insider: What three books have shaped your career and leadership this year?

1. "Unreasonable Hospitality" by Will Guidara

Damola Adamolekun: "Unreasonable Hospitality" by Will Guidara is a masterclass in creating memorable experiences through relentless care and attention to detail.

Guidara's approach to hospitality isn't just about service — it's about going above and beyond to make people feel valued. The idea of "over-delivering" resonated deeply with me, reminding me that exceptional hospitality, like exceptional leadership, often lies in the thoughtful, unexpected gestures that leave a lasting impact.

Whether in a restaurant or the boardroom, this book is a compelling reminder that relationships and culture are built on doing the little things with great intention.

2. "Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius

"Meditations" by Marcus Aurelius is a timeless guide to leading with wisdom, resilience, and humility.

Marcus's reflections on discipline and self-mastery have shaped how I approach challenges — focusing on what I can control and letting go of what I can't. His emphasis on serving the greater good is a powerful reminder that leadership is ultimately about responsibility, not power.

This book's enduring relevance lies in its ability to ground leaders in principles that foster clarity and purpose, even amid chaos.

3. "The Winner Within: A Life Plan for Team Players" by Pat Riley

"The Winner Within: A Life Plan for Team Players" by Pat Riley is a motivational book that shares leadership lessons and teamwork strategies, using stories from his NBA coaching career to inspire individuals and organizations to achieve success through unity, resilience, and continuous improvement.

As a former college athlete at Brown University, this book's story of perseverance, adaptability, and ambition echoes the mantra that I've carried from the football field into the boardroom as a CEO.

This story is part of an end-of-year reading list series that seeks to highlight the best books influential CEOs and business leaders read in 2024.

Correction: December 27, 2024 — An earlier version of this story listed incorrect publishers for the "Meditations" and "The Winner Within" book covers.

• Lel Smits and her husband invest in stocks for their children as Christmas gifts to build wealth.
• Smits prioritizes financial literacy and chooses stocks from familiar companies for her kids.
• She also creates stock certificates and drawings to help her children visualize their investments.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Lel Smits, an entrepreneur, director, and mother of two in Sydney. The following has been edited for length and clarity.

I advocate for financial literacy, am the managing director of The Stock Network, and am a director of the Australian Shareholder's Association.

I've been investing for my children at Christmas every year since they were 1. My eldest boy is now almost 5, and I also have a 2-year-old girl.

As 'Santa' covers the Christmas presents, we tell them that the gift from their parents is this investment. Birthdays are acknowledged with gifts.

I'm not a professional investor, but by understanding the basics, such as choosing quality companies and diversification, I learned that consistent and disciplined investing can build wealth over time and provide financial security.

I invest about a day's salary for each child

Each year, my husband and I determine an appropriate amount to put toward an investment gift. It's similar to how my grandmother may have bought me some meaningful jewelry. I want to purchase something meaningful for my children that will hopefully stand the test of time.

I invest in companies my children recognize and interact with, such as Australia's largest bank and supermarket. I choose individual stocks over managed funds for my children because they represent tangible companies that are easier for them to understand and relate to.

While ETFs and managed funds are an essential part of my own diversified investment strategy, my focus for my children is to foster both financial literacy and investment growth. This approach helps them grasp the basics of investing.

I'm committed to making investing relatable, sparking their interest, teaching them how businesses work from an early age, and involving them in the process.

I have some key fundamentals that are important to me when selecting stocks

I was not raised with financial literacy. My parents didn't actively teach me, but they instilled basic concepts such as 'Don't spend more than you earn' and 'Interest works while you sleep.' My investing knowledge accelerated while I worked as a financial journalist.

I opened a share account for my children when they were born and linked my bank to a share trading account to manage their investments. This lets me buy shares directly on their behalf.

I focus on profitable companies with strong financials, consistent growth, and a proven track record. I also like to diversify across industries. I don't want my children to be in only one sector that I think is good. I've invested in consumer goods, technology, and healthcare sectors to reduce risk.

Since I'm a very active investor myself, I'm constantly researching and reading company reports.

I create stock certificates and pictures about the investments, so my kids can visualize the stocks

I print out a booklet that says 'my investment' for them and create a share certificate that looks like something you might've gotten 100 years ago.

I also draw pictures for them to accompany the investment, such as a supermarket or pizza shop. Visualizing it is my commitment to their learning and making money tangible.

I'm working on making a book called the "ABC of the ASX," which explains major companies for kids so they can start understanding investing.

We'll hand over the portfolio to the children when I have confidence it'll be managed with as much care as it has been established.

My five-year-old has started to engage and ask great questions

My children have never complained about the investment gift. Fortunately, Santa takes care of 'exciting' toys at Christmas, so investing is considered an extra.

My son has started to ask me, "How did I get this money?" and "How can I make more investments myself?" This raises the question of work, and we discuss what work is and how to earn money.

For a kid, the idea of ownership is amazing. Stepping into a supermarket, we talk about spending our money at a place where we have an investment. I think it has enhanced his worldview at a very early age.

My friends have started asking how they can do the same for their kids

My clearest message is that investing can be very simple if you focus on the basics.

Investing through trusted institutions and picking quality companies with profits can simplify what can be a very overwhelming process, even for adults.

• In 2022, Melissa Petro's family skipped holiday stress for a meaningful trip to Sri Lanka instead.
• The trip was a celebration after she sold a book proposal and they met up with family members there.
• Staying in an Airbnb with hired help enhanced her experience and allowed for true relaxation.

From Elf on the Shelf to cookie swaps, matching pajama sets, ugly sweater office parties, and countless other traditions, the holidays can be the most wonderful — and exhausting — time of the year.

After I sold a book proposal in November 2022, I had no interest in putting up a tree or wasting money on toys my kids didn't need while battling a seemingly endless parade of wintertime illnesses.

Instead, I wanted to celebrate the win and spend meaningful time with my family before having to focus on writing. My husband and I decided to skip the seasonal stress of gifting and spend the money instead on a trip of our lifetime.

We chose a location that was special to us

My husband is part Sri Lankan, and his brother owns a hotel on the island's southernmost tip. Planning an epic trip to Unawatuna, Sri Lanka, made a lot of sense. Because a flight to Sri Lanka from New York takes around 19 hours, we wanted to go for a significant amount of time. All four of our flights cost around $4,000 in total.

Whenever we travel, I prepare my kids by looking at pictures and discussing what we'll see and do. At three and five years old, they were too young to notice that we were skipping most kids' favorite holiday.

Getting there was part of the adventure

Taking a monthlong midwinter trip will probably require that you pull your kid out of school. Molly was still in day care, and Oscar's kindergarten attendance is always good, so missing two weeks of classes wasn't a problem. At this time both kids were too young to be seriously invested in participating in the typical end-of-season pageants and fairs.

For the flight, I packed a bag of snacks and another bag of activities like coloring, puzzle books, and playdough — anything that'll strike them as novel when boredom hits. I space out meals, movies, and activities.

We were unsure how our children would manage a long-haul flight, so we opted for an overnight layover in Abu Dhabi. It was the middle of the night when we arrived in the Middle East, but due to the time difference and having slept on the plane, everyone was wide awake.

The hotel we booked had a 24-hour waterpark, so we went for a moonlit swim. The next morning, everyone slept in, and we had enough time to shop at a nearby mall before the next six-hour flight.

I thought having hired help would feel weird, but it was wonderful

We had the option to stay with family in a more remote area but chose to rent a two-bedroom Airbnb instead. We wanted to be closer to the beach and have space versus spending the entire trip with relatives. A monthlong stay cost just $1,650 — less than it would've cost to stay in a typical hotel. The property exceeded my expectations.

The house was traditional, with whitewashed cement walls, a thatched roof of woven palm fronds, and polished cement floors. It was surrounded by a walled-in garden with mango trees, coconut palms, colorful flowers, and cement urns holding rainwater occupied by tiny fish.

The property had a private butler who cleaned daily and cared for the garden. Breakfast every morning was included, and he cooked traditional Sri Lankan dinner whenever requested for an extra fee.

I worried that having an unfamiliar adult in our intimate space might feel awkward, but it didn't. He did our laundry by hand, and I appreciated that the house was clean when we returned from a day out. He was sensitive to our privacy and extremely patient with the children — and having his help meant that I actually got a vacation.

Instead of forced traditions, we enjoyed much-needed family time

We spent the last weeks of the year together on the beach instead of visiting Santa and last-minute shopping. We swam in the ocean, made sandcastles, and ate authentic seafood curries poolside at various local resorts. We visited a local street dog rescue and a sea turtle sanctuary.

The temperature in Unawatuna in December is between 75 and 86 degrees, so there's no hope for snow — and no disappointment when it doesn't happen. There's no driving through inclement weather, no seasonal spirit days at your kid's day care, and no Secret Santa gifts to buy or toss.

There were occasional reminders of the holiday — twinkle lights on a palm tree or a Christmas carol playing in the background, mostly for tourists' sake — but there isn't the gross display of consumerism that's ubiquitous in the West.

Santa didn't skip my kids entirely

My husband and I felt a little guilty skipping Christmas entirely, so on Christmas Eve, we cut down a branch from the rubber tree out back and ran to the dollar store to buy a few ornaments and some inexpensive trinkets for them to open in the morning.

Considering many families spend thousands of dollars each year on decorations, gifts, meals, and other holiday-related expenses, and then another couple thousand for an annual vacation, rolling it all into one expense made sense for us.

With a minuscule percentage of my typical effort, the kids were just as pleased. As they played with their new toys in the garden, they marveled at how Santa found us all the way in Sri Lanka.

• Martins Lasmanis, the founder of Supliful, struggles with balancing startup growth and family time.
• Supliful quickly gained traction, and Lasmanis began working 16-hour days with three young kids.
• He now schedules family time and delegates work to manage 'dad guilt' and improve work-life balance.

My youngest son turned 3 this year — the same age as my startup, Supliful. As I watched my toddler playing on his birthday, I felt a strong sense of guilt creep up inside me. He wasn't a baby anymore, and I realized I'd missed out on him growing up.

"They grow up so fast!" is what all parents say. That day, this cliché suddenly felt terrifyingly real. Even worse — it felt as if, over the past three years, I'd spent more time growing my startup than paying attention to my children growing up.

That feeling was torturous

I've always wanted two things in life: a big family and my own business. Family is where I find peace and joy, and I find self-fulfillment in business. I've never been able to sit still and must be in constant motion.

In 2021, when I became a father of three and founder of a newly launched startup, I felt I was on the right path. My life goals were being met. I was nailing it.

While I didn't expect raising three kids and building a company from scratch would be easy, I didn't worry much either. I had already been there — a few years prior, I was running a successful online store while raising two preschoolers. I thought I had the experience necessary to handle the new responsibilities.

I was wrong

I soon realized my new venture had much more potential and was more complex and demanding than anything I had built before.

When I attracted serious interest from VC investors, my company was still in its ideation phase. We onboarded hundreds of users just three weeks after making our product public. By our second year in business, we were already making over $1M in revenue.

Success came with challenges and new responsibilities. I had to quickly grow our team, onboard new partners, and open a new fulfillment center on the other side of the world to ensure quality service to our clients — all while ensuring we didn't run out of money.

I spent my days on back-to-back calls with investors, business partners, and new hires. In the evenings, I sometimes had to help my colleagues pack and send out orders. I'd regularly travel between our office in Europe and the fulfillment center in Denver, feeling guilty for leaving my family behind every time.

My wife was extremely understanding

Throughout our 13 years together, my wife has always supported me. Although she wasn't happy about me staying late in the office or leaving for another business trip, she always encouraged me to pursue my career goals.

Without realizing it, my working days got longer. At one point, I worked 12 hours a day and sometimes as many as 16 hours.

I still tried to be as hands-on as possible with my kids. My wife and I had our own caregiving "shifts" — I covered mornings and after-work, taking the kids to and from school and day care. My wife handled the evening, taking care of dinner and putting the three to bed. We all tried to spend time together between dinner and my late work calls.

Eventually, a dreaded day came

"Daddy, you're working too much." My 7-year-old daughter caught me off guard. We had just finished our dinner one evening in September, and I prepared to disappear into my home office for another round of calls and emails. I responded "I know. I'm trying to build this business, but I should be more present with you."

I realized I was experiencing an enormous feeling of guilt — the feeling of failing as a parent because I wasn't there for my kids. While I saw my tight work schedule as a sprint that would eventually end, my kids only saw me working.

I had heard about "mom guilt," a term often used to describe the feeling women have when they believe they're not meeting their own or others' expectations in their role as parents.

I felt "dad guilt" — the dark side of entrepreneurship and many other demanding jobs requiring long hours. Every day, I feel guilty for not prioritizing my children or failing to build my startup.

I wish I had an easy fix to make this all balance out

I don't have a solution, but I have found a few things that make the weight easier to carry.

I make it a point to schedule family time on my calendar and never cancel it. I treat it as seriously as any work meeting and make a real effort to be present.

I set high standards, but I've had to remind myself that perfection isn't real. Sometimes, I take stock of the good I've done, balancing it against the areas I wish to improve. Reminding myself of these positives helps me feel more at peace with where I am.

I've delegated more work to my team, allowing me to spend more time with my kids this past month. We're moving to the US next year, so that will be another adventure.

Through it all, I'm beyond grateful for my wife. She's my best friend, and her unwavering support allows me to pursue my entrepreneurial dreams.

• Nicole Chan Loeb is a 38-year-old photographer, videographer, and a mother-of-two.
• She and her husband prioritize experiences over gifts, so they invest for their kids in lieu of toys.
• They want to teach their children financial literacy and set them up for a secure financial future.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Nicole Chan Loeb, a photographer and videographer from Boston. It's been edited for length and clarity.

My kids are 1.5 and 4 years old, and I've never bought them any physical presents for birthdays and holidays.

For birthdays, I'll make a cake, and instead of buying toys and clothing, I invest money for them to set them up for a more secure financial future. Plastic toys and knickknacks are temporary fun, but they cause clutter and landfill waste.

My mom taught me about stocks when I was growing up

Growing up, my mom used to tell me about the stocks or funds she invested in for me. Every week, we'd take the figures in the newspaper, chart them on graph paper, and stick them on the fridge. We mostly invested in mutual funds. That was fun, and I especially loved the special time my mom and I spent together. I similarly want to teach my kids financial responsibility and literacy.

My husband and I met in college in 2004. We both worked in the finance and accounting industry — I was in management consulting, and he was in internal audits — before deciding it wasn't for us. I quit in 2010, and he quit shortly afterward, and we both became entrepreneurs. I'm a photographer and videographer, and he owns an escape room company.

It was a considerable risk and I was absolutely terrified. But since my parents taught me financial literacy, I've learned how to save to be comfortable no matter what. Plus, the flexibility and fulfillment this lifestyle provides is very worth it.

We gift our kids investments instead of physical gifts

My husband and I don't exchange gifts in general. If we want something, we'll just purchase it for ourselves — after all, our money is pooled — so I find gift-giving challenging. Instead, we share and enjoy dinners, experiences, shows, and vacations. We give each other cards — it's more about the sentiment.

This year, my husband and I maxed out our kids' custodial Roth IRAs and deposited $7,000 each. My kids have been models for children's clothing lines, toy companies, and hospitality campaigns in my work as a commercial and advertising photographer, so the money is considered their earned income.

We decided to start investing for the kids last year because, from conversations with friends, we realized that we all wished topics like taxes, saving for retirement, and smart investing were taught in high school or earlier. We decided not to wait and agreed to start teaching these concepts as soon as our kids could grasp the basics.

Also, both my husband and I were lucky to leave school without a massive amount of debt because of our parents. These investments will allow our kids to graduate from college without an insurmountable amount of debt.

We're focused on Roth IRAs for now, but we plan to open investment accounts for them within the following year. If they don't have earned income in future years, we will set up a custodial brokerage account and invest for them that way. Because we both own our businesses, our salaries and incomes fluctuate, so we look at our finances each year and decide how much to invest.

Our kids are happy with spending time together

My kids are young, so the concept of expecting gifts has yet to solidify. And they don't really need anything. We're lucky to live in a great neighborhood where the parents pass on toys when their kids have outgrown them. I rarely purchase large toys or gifts, but I don't hold back from ad hoc purchases of crayons, markers, kids' card games, and board games.

Our children are happiest when we spend time together, doing things like lunch dates, playing board games, and baking. Happiness comes from experiences and relationships, and fewer material things promote creativity.

They spend a lot of time outside making up their own games, and we often play with things like sticks, stones, water, acorns, and pinecones. We want contented, balanced kids who aren't overwhelmed with things and toys and chasing the next new shiny object.

My husband and I find a lot of interest and joy in investments, and we hope our kids will as well. My four-year-old is very bright, and in the next year or so, he'll understand that you can put money in specific vehicles to grow, learning the concept of delayed gratification.

I'm hopeful that our kids will start making their own side income in high school and start to learn to invest for themselves as teenagers, just as I did while growing up.

If you have a unique way of teaching your children financial literacy and would like to share your story, email Jane Zhang at [email protected].

• Michael Allen stopped buying pricey Christmas presents for his friends and family in college.
• His financial priorities changed after leaving the Marine Corps and working toward his degree.
• Allen values time with loved ones over material gifts and emphasizes memories over money.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Michael Allen, a 54-year-old author from Titusville, Florida. It has been edited for length and clarity.

In 1995, I realized I couldn't give expensive gifts anymore. I was used to buying gifts to impress my loved ones, and I received nice gifts as well. At a younger age, I would get things like an Atari with games, boxing gloves, or a football. Gift cards, nice clothes, and even a watch were more common presents as I grew older.

As a college student and a recently retired Marine, my priorities were school and food. My next goal after serving in the Marine Corps was to get a degree. Not wanting to participate in the "who bought the most expensive present" game made sense.

I was getting by on side jobs

I tutored other college students and worked as a bouncer. Although I was only making enough money to cover my necessities, I was looking forward to achieving my goals of becoming an English teacher and a writer.

Buying extravagant things at the expense of putting myself in huge debt didn't seem attractive. I knew my financial situation had changed throughout my life, and I had to spend and save accordingly.

Reflecting on the hard work I put in made me extremely proud rather than ashamed of my financial background.

I decided to have a conversation with my friends and family

One day before Christmas, I asked my friends and family to lower their expectations regarding future gifts. I told them about my financial situation, what I could spend on, and what I was trying to accomplish.

Spending exorbitant amounts on Christmas was out of the question. Being open and honest about my struggles and primary issues worked out in my favor. I wasn't nervous to have this conversation.

Most of them understood, and I was truly relieved once I confessed. It immediately broke the needless superficial confinement I had put myself in to conform to the norms.

I also prepared myself to receive less of what I had previously

While some family members would still buy me costly gifts, some limited their splurging on me after this conversation. I was satisfied with getting whatever they would get me, even if it was nothing sometimes. Some even joined me in setting this boundary for themselves.

I started enjoying Christmas even more without having to impress people with my gift-giving superpowers. I became accustomed to speaking my mind and being truthful at all times. When you embrace life in that manner, many burdens are lifted.

Even as I make more money, gifts still don't seem important to me

My financial situation has improved, but I now sometimes only hand out one present per person. I make sure it's something meaningful and not just anything.

I once made my mother a loving video, and she still plays it often. On another occasion, I built a website for my daughter and made her a book. Personalization goes a long way.

Focusing on getting together with your loved ones and spending purposeful time with them are the only significant things of concern to me. Gifts are a component of Christmas, not the foundation.

Memories matter, not money. Food, drinks, old movies, and a good time is all I care about getting from anyone.

• Jamie Jackson worked in HR for over 20 years and is now a podcaster and consultant.
• Jackson said when you're no longer engaged or growing at work, it could be time for a new role.
• Updating skills and preparing a job search toolkit can aid in career transitions.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Jamie Jackson, a 43-year-old podcaster and consultant in Nashville. It has been edited for length and clarity.

As someone who has worked in HR for over 20 years, I've had this conversation countless times. People often confide in me, saying, "Jamie, I don't know what to do next."

They feel stuck in their roles, want to advance, or are considering a new job — but that can be just as scary because it means stepping outside their comfort zones. I've been there, too, wondering whether it's time to quit my job for something new.

If this is you, here are four key signs you've been in your role too long and what you can do next if you need to make a change.

1. You no longer feel motivated

Your engagement level is a good indicator of whether you've been in your role for too long.

For example, you may have previously felt engaged in meetings but now find it harder to do so because you no longer feel motivated.

Or, perhaps you once enjoyed conversations with coworkers at the watercooler or over coffee — asking about their weekends or holiday plans — but now you simply do what you need to do and move on.

2. There's no room for growth

Another sign is feeling stagnant in your growth.

For example, I once worked at a company for five years and kept being promised a promotion. Over time, it became clear it wasn't going to happen — they didn't see me moving up.

For a long time, I believed their promise was coming, but it never did. To advance, I realized I'd need to change companies because the growth I wanted wasn't going to happen there.

Sometimes, there simply isn't room for growth, and when that's the case, it's a clear sign that it's time to make your next move.

3. Your feedback has plateaued

Or, you might find yourself hitting a feedback plateau.

For instance, you may consistently receive the same performance reviews, with your manager saying that you're meeting expectations but not exceeding them — suggesting you've reached a stopping point.

If you're thinking to yourself, "I don't have anything else to offer. I'm doing the same job I was doing three years ago without additional constructive feedback or recognition," it might be time to switch roles.

4. You're burned out

Another sign is burnout. In the past, I had a job where I felt physically sick going into work.

I remember one time needing to pull over to the side of the road to puke because I was so stressed.

As I sat in a parking lot trying to compose myself, I thought, I have to find another job. I knew my mental health was more important — but as I didn't have the luxury of quitting on the spot, I found another job first.

For others, there are times when environments are insanely toxic, and they need to get out immediately — and they should, but when possible, it's important to have a plan in place.

Either way, burnout or feeling physically sick from work might be a sign that it's time for a change.

If you realize you're no longer happy in your role, you need to do some self-reflection

Ask yourself, what are my goals? Where do I want to be? In your mind, try to understand where you want to be in six months, a year, or even further into the future.

Do you need a new title or a promotion, and if so, how do you get there? Before doing anything, it's really important to understand what you want. Then it's time to take aligned action.

Brush up on your skills

Maybe you're perfectly content with your current role; you just need to be challenged more. By learning new skills, you can push for more responsibilities.

You can use resources like LinkedIn or YouTube to brush up on skills like Excel or explore additional training or certifications offered by your current company. New skills can help you stand out in your current role or make you more appealing to potential employers.

Get your tool kit ready

If you're looking to land a new job, you need to learn new skills and prepare your toolkit.

This includes updating your résumé, refreshing your LinkedIn profile, and researching the salary you should be making.

When you start looking for a new job, knowing your market value is key — especially if you've been in your current role for a while and aren't sure what the going rate is. From there, talk to your mentors, colleagues, and friends, and let them know you're looking for something new.

You might say something like, "Hey, I think by March, I'm really going to start looking for another job — so can you keep your eyes and ears open?"

That can really help.

December isn't the easiest month to get a new job, with the holidays and people taking time off. However, January can be a better time as companies enter the new fiscal year — new budgets and new positions are being rolled out. But you can always be passively looking.

Some of us are content where we're at, but if you're no longer interested in stepping up or taking on new challenges, it might be time to reassess your role.

If you're an HR professional with unique career advice you would like to share, please email Manseen Logan at [email protected].

• Erwin Jacob Miciano left the Navy in 2021 to focus on his real estate business full-time.
• Miciano and his wife used VA loans to buy a triplex and start their business, Semi Homes.
• Semi Homes helps homeowners avoid foreclosure and launched Miciano's real estate career.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Erwin Jacob Miciano, a 27-year-old real-estate investor and the owner of Semi Homes in South El Monte, California. It has been edited for length and clarity.

I'm a dedicated dad, a committed husband, a real-estate investor, and the co-owner of Semi Homes, a real-estate company specializing in direct-to-seller transactions and marketing strategies. I co-own the company with my wife, Theressa.

I don't have a college degree. I graduated from high school in 2015 and first worked at Wetzel's Pretzels. I decided to join the Navy to support my family abroad in the Philippines and my mom and brother in the US.

In March 2016, after three months of boot camp, I completed the basic training to become a photojournalist. Until September 2021, I served as a mass communication specialist, with most of my overseas years based in Japan, stationed on the USS Ronald Reagan.

I separated from the military in 2021 to pursue real estate full-time

My Navy job included writing press releases, aerial photography, videography, and printing. In later years, I was stationed at the Naval Hospital Balboa in San Diego, where we covered COVID-19, and I was deployed with USNS Mercy to San Pedro in Los Angeles during the pandemic.

I was presented with an "early out" program because of overmanning in my job, and it allowed me to complete my contract a couple of years early. I had already started my business, but leaving the military allowed me to pursue it full-time.

I also wanted to spend more time with my young family. My eldest was born in January 2020.

My wife and I met on the day I arrived on the USS Ronald Reagan in 2016

We became friends through the first-response/firefighting team, where she worked as an electrician. We also noticed each other at church services, and she invited me to her baptism ceremony, where she was baptized inside an open jet fuel tank.

Early in our relationship, we lived together in a small Japanese apartment. Then, we spent about a year doing long-distance, with me still deploying on the carrier and her based in San Diego.

After a year of dating, we got married, and soon after some vacation in the US, we discovered we were expecting our first child. During most of her pregnancy, Theressa lived alone until I got stationed in San Diego around her seventh month.

That same year, I became deeply interested in personal finance and real-estate investing, inspired by stories of blue-collar workers achieving financial freedom through real estate. I learned the most from the BiggerPockets podcasts.

We were motivated to become first-time homebuyers

We were eager to apply what we had learned and planned to use the VA loan entitlement from our military service. VA entitlement is how much lenders can lend to a veteran or active duty member without providing a down payment.

We aimed to buy a multifamily property — ideally a duplex, triplex, or fourplex — so we could live in one unit and rent the others to offset our mortgage. Today, this strategy is known as house hacking.

Being stationed in San Diego gave us a few key advantages

The housing allowance we received as military members was higher than in most US locations, boosting our household income to about $10,000-$12,000 monthly. This allowance was discontinued once we both left the military. Theressa left the Navy almost a year before I did at the end of 2020.

Second, the VA loan allowed us to buy a multifamily property with zero down payment.

Third, we included 75% of the gross rental income from the property in our loan application, increasing our approved loan amount. On paper, our monthly gross increased to $15,000-$17,000.

Finally, new legislation removed local VA loan limits for first-time users, giving us more purchasing power.

After months of searching, we found a triplex listed for $1.2 million

We offered $1 million and settled at $1.1 million. By March 2020, we had moved into a three-bedroom unit while renting out the other two for about $4,000 a month, reducing our housing costs to less than what one-bedroom rentals were going for at the time. This was the start of Semi Homes.

After living in the triplex for two years, we moved in with my mom and brother in September 2021 in the San Gabriel Valley. The triplex is now fully a rental property generating $1,500 to $2,000 monthly profit.

My day-to-day work involves meeting with homeowners who are looking for support in selling their properties

We now buy properties and resell them for a profit. We also help sellers in deep foreclosure and save them from it. My role is to get my team in front of our target audience and guide clients through the entire process, all the way to the closing table.

There are also late-night administrative hours and business-building, which I work on three to four nights a week. The biggest change from my Navy days is that I'm no longer away from my family for long periods — a small freedom I cherish.

I feel both fulfilled and successful

While Semi Homes started as a way to build wealth and achieve financial freedom for my family, it's grown into something more.

We stay in this tough business because we truly believe in the value we provide to the individuals we work with. I'm focused on building our online presence and spreading the word that foreclosing is not the only option.

I see myself in real estate for the rest of my life.

Want to share your story about getting on the property ladder? Email Lauryn Haas at [email protected].