• Tesla annual sales declined for the first time in over a decade.
• The US EV giant sold 1.79 million cars in 2024, a 1% drop from the 1.81 million sold in 2023.
• Tesla is still the world's largest EV maker but Chinese rivals like BYD are closing in on it.

Chinese auto companies like BYD are giving Tesla a run for its money this week.

On Thursday, Tesla announced that it had delivered 1.79 million vehicles last year, a 1% drop from the 1.81 million vehicles it delivered in 2023. This is the first time Tesla's annual sales have declined in over a decade.

Tesla shares fell by as much as 8% on the same day, trading as low as $373.40 before paring losses.

Tesla's Chinese rivals, on the other hand, saw a rise in sales at the end of 2024.

BYD said on Wednesday that it had sold 1.76 million battery electric cars in 2024, a 12% increase from the 1.57 million cars it sold in 2023.

Smaller EV makers like Nio and Xpeng saw similar improvements in their sales figures as well.

Nio said in a statement on Wednesday that it had delivered 221,970 vehicles in 2024, a 38.7% increase from the 160,038 cars it delivered in 2023.

Xpeng delivered 190,068 vehicles last year, a 34% increase from the 141,601 vehicles delivered in 2023, per a filing made on Wednesday.

To be sure, Tesla is still the world's largest EV maker. The company played a pioneering role in popularizing EVs when it first burst into the scene with the Roadster in 2008.

But the Elon Musk-led EV giant had to engage in a price war in the past year to fend off its rivals.

Besides slashing prices for its vehicles in China, Tesla also doled out incentives like three months of free Supercharging and its Full Self Driving (Supervised) beta software to entice US customers.

Back in January 2024, Musk told investors in an earnings call that Chinese automakers are the "most competitive car companies in the world."

"If there are no trade barriers established, they will pretty much demolish most other car companies in the world," Musk said.

Tesla, BYD, Nio, and Xpeng did not respond to requests for comment from Business Insider.

• In 2017, three older women built and moved into a compound near San Antonio.
• Its residents are two sisters and their longtime friend, who liken themselves to the Golden Girls.
• They share meals, split bills, and — most importantly — care for one another as they age.

After Christina Guerra and her sister Michelle Douthitt lost their husbands within months of each other in 2012, they decided to turn their grief into an opportunity for a fresh start.

Together with their longtime friend Muriel Lanford, the women chose an unconventional path: They sold their homes and used the money they made to purchase five acres of land in Fair Oaks Ranch, a small town just 30 minutes north of San Antonio, for $175,000. Their goal was to build a compound where they could grow old together.

"A lot of people gave us strange looks when we talked about our plan," Guerra, a 68-year-old retired agent with the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission, told Business Insider. "I guess they thought we would implode."

But despite the doubters, the trio — who liken themselves to the strong-willed, sharp-witted women of the iconic television series "The Golden Girls" — forged ahead with their plans.

They enlisted Felix Ziga, the owner of San Antonio-based Ziga Architecture Studio, to bring the vision to life. Ziga teamed up with his friend Jimmy Sikkink, owner of Triple R Custom Homes, to design and build their one-of-a-kind compound.

In 2017, the trio moved into their compound, which they call Tierra de Dios, or "Land of God." The compound includes a 2,378-square-foot main house, which has a private wing for each sister, and a separate 1,902-square-foot home for Lanford.

The project cost about $1.2 million, including the land purchase, which the women split equally.

However, for these friends — who share meals and split utility bills — the sense of security and community they've gained is truly priceless.

"I used to work in the ER, and we saw countless elderly patients who had fallen at home, only to be found days later because their children couldn't check in. I remember thinking, 'Oh my gosh, I hope that's not going to be me,'" Lanford, a 68-year-old retired nurse, said. "Now, I have peace of mind. If someone doesn't hear from me for a couple of days, I know they'll be asking, 'Are you OK?'"

Take a look inside the compound and read on to see how they make their experiment in communal living work.

The three women took out a mortgage together and used it to build the compound.

Instead of forming an LLC or corporation, the three women opted for a general partnership, making them equal co-owners of the compound.

One of their biggest challenges was convincing the bank to approve a loan with all three names on it.

"You'd think it would be straightforward, but the bankers were confused," Guerra said. "They couldn't wrap their heads around the idea that it was three people, not a couple or an individual."

In the end, the women secured a mortgage for the home. To protect their individual investments, each has a will that outlines how their share of the property will be distributed in the event of their passing.

The women sold their homes to buy land and finance the compound's construction.

Each woman earned at least $200,000 selling their Texas homes, and they used the proceeds to equally split the $175,000 cost of the lot.

The property, formerly a dairy farm, sits in a floodplain, which gave them leverage to negotiate down the original asking price of $195,000.

The trio hired a local architect who understood their vision for communal yet independent living.

The women were committed to supporting a local business owner when selecting an architect and homebuilder for their project.

"We didn't mind paying a little extra if it meant working with a high-quality small business rather than a big-box company," Guerra said.

The Tierra de Dios compound was Ziga's first project of its kind.

Though Ziga had never taken on a project like this before, he had read about communal living and aging in place.

Ziga's wife, Adriana, an interior designer with the studio, said the entire process was an exciting adventure.

The entire project took 12 months to complete, including permitting.

Having so many stakeholders involved meant carefully weighing the pros and cons of each decision and coming to a consensus, Ziga said.

"They had their own meetings, separate from ours, to get on the same page about what they wanted. Then we'd incorporate their decisions into the design," he said.

Ziga likened the process to designing for institutions like churches, where there's often a building committee and multiple voices to consider.

Ziga designed spacious, custom homes tailored to the women's needs.

The total gross square footage of the compound, including garages, porches, and patios, is about 7,954 square feet.

That includes a 12-foot observation tower, which offers stunning views of the area's lush woodland.

Ziga integrated the natural landscape of the property into his design.

Considering the land's natural topography, Ziga positioned the far end of the guest-house home, where Lanford lives, on a nine-foot foundation.

"This served a triple purpose of keeping the finished floor elevation outside the floodplain, keeping everything on one level, and giving Muriel the treehouse vibe she was going for," he said.

The women live in separate sections of the compound.

The main house features an open living, dining, and kitchen area, along with three bedrooms and three bathrooms — one for each sister and a guest room that can be used for caregivers in the future.

Each of the sister's bedrooms has a private patio. The house also has a small front porch, a large rear porch, a laundry room, a mudroom, a craft room, and a two-car garage.

The guest house has two bedrooms, two bathrooms, and an open-plan living, dining, and kitchen space. Lanford wanted an open loft concept, with her bedroom, bathroom, office, and workout area all in one large space.

This part of the compound also has a small front porch, a large rear porch, a laundry room, a mudroom, and a two-car garage.

Each of the women had specific requirements for her individual space.

Lanford, a nature lover, wanted her part of the compound filled with windows so that she could easily connect with the outdoors.

In contrast, Guerra, who is sensitive to light, requested a meditation room and a bedroom with a sliding door outfitted with blackout shades for nighttime.

Meanwhile, Douthitt asked for a doggie door so her pup could come and go freely.

"I think the trickiest part was coordinating the wants and needs of all three of them," Ziga said. "In a traditional custom home with a husband and wife, one person usually defers to the other. But with this project, there were three people to consider."

Each woman's wing also has some of the same features.

Accessibility was a key design theme for the compound, as the women intend to age in place.

The home features minimal steps inside and out and a gently graded walkway between the driveway and front door. Both front porches are level with the main floor.

The homes do not have carpet, and light switches are lower than usual for ease of use. The bedroom closets and the laundry and pantry rooms are spacious enough for wheelchair access.

The bathrooms are also designed with ample space for wheelchairs, and have grab bars and shower benches installed for safe and comfortable bathing.

Communal spaces were just as important to the women as their private ones.

It was crucial for the women to feel connected, but also to have moments of privacy when needed, Ziga said.

"The challenge was creating a design that honored community and personal space," he added.

To achieve this, he designed each bedroom with its own private patio and yard, providing a sense of visual seclusion.

When the women want to come together, they can gather in communal spaces like the "oasis" — an outdoor area of the home where they keep their bird and squirrel feeders — or the shared nature overlook.

The overlook is a two-story outdoor patio located between the two houses.

The large rear porches are connected at the same level, with the first level of the overlook having a covered patio feel and the second level featuring the lookout tower.

The overlook is a favorite spot for the women. There, they enjoy looking for wildlife and watching sunsets and sunrises through the towering oak trees around their home.

Ziga also designed the overlook with accessibility in mind. If mobility becomes a concern as the homeowners age, an exterior lift can be added for easy access to the view.

Each woman plays her own unique role in the home.

Lanford is the master gardener — though Douthitt loves to help — and she's also the handyman of the home, even making minor roof repairs when needed.

"She puts together a maintenance list for everything — like how we maintain our septic tank and soft water system. She handles all of that daily," Douthitt, 62, a volunteer with a human trafficking organization, said.

Lanford also manages the compound's split finances and pays the bills. "I'm a bit of a numbers nerd," she admits.

As the designated bargain hunter, Guerra negotiates and shops around for the best deals for the compound. "I'm the one who argues, debates, and tries to find better prices," she said.

When she's not working with local appraisers to ensure the compound's property taxes don't increase, she occasionally cooks for the women.

The women split the compound's utility and other bills.

Regardless of their individual roles, they split the home's bills evenly.

Each person pays about $30 a month for water, and their electricity bill tops out at $100 per person during the peak months of August and September.

Living with a sibling be difficult, even when you're older.

"I'm the youngest, and living with my oldest sister has had its challenges, but that's family issues," Douthitt said. "The benefits far exceed anything, and I don't feel like it's a sacrifice."

The compound is a designated butterfly sanctuary and a wildlife habitat.

"We are a Monarch butterfly way station," Guerra said. "That wouldn't be the case if we didn't live here, so that's pretty cool."

They also care for other wildlife that visit the compound. Their oasis features bird feeders, squirrel feeders, and tubs of water for the animals.

"Michelle loves to name the creatures that come by to get fed and hydrated, so she knows them all personally," Guerra added.

Guerra, the only one with grandkids, loves having them visit the compound.

"The youngest, who's nine, was especially excited," she said. "He was so proud because he brought four of his best friends for an adventure out here, and they talked about it for days afterward."

The women have enjoyed living together and building a community.

A major factor in the women's decision to pursue communal living was the transformation in their own lives and the changing nature of the neighborhoods they had lived in for decades.

"The old neighborhood I lived in was very close-knit," Lanford, who is divorced, explained. "I had a lot of close friends there, but I was the last person standing. The neighborhood was changing, and what I missed most was my community."

At Tierra de Dios, the women have found the sense of community they were missing, spending time together and supporting each other during times of need.

"It was the ideal situation during COVID," Guerra said. "We cooked together, streamed movies together, and played games together. We didn't really feel the lockdown as much because, for the most part, we enjoyed being here and had each other for company."

• China's EV companies are turning to hybrids, which are becoming increasingly popular with drivers.
• Tesla rivals such as Zeekr plan to launch their first hybrid models.
• Hybrids could help them avoid European tariffs on Chinese EVs.

China's Tesla rivals have a new trick up their sleeve: hybrids.

China is the world's largest electric vehicle market in terms of sales. But many of its battery-powered pioneers are now turning to hybrids and extended-range vehicles as they vie for a slice of a highly competitive market and expand overseas.

Xpeng, which rivals Tesla in EVs and humanoid robots, recently unveiled its Kunpeng Super Electric System, a new powertrain system that Xpeng says will allow future vehicles to travel 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) without stopping to charge or refuel. It's unclear when it will launch new models with this technology, though its first hybrid model could arrive early next year.

Rival Zeekr also plans to release its first hybrid, an SUV, in the second half of 2025.

There's a reason these companies are abandoning their all-electric strategy: hybrids and extended-range vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in China — and could make it easier for Chinese EV makers to dodge tariffs overseas.

Hybrids are having a moment

BYD, China's largest EV maker, has reported booming growth in recent months, largely due to its hybrid lineup.

Its hybrid sales jumped were almost 70% higher in November compared with the same month last year. BYD says its latest hybrids can go up to 1,250 miles without stopping for gas or charging.

Tu Le, managing director of consultancy Sino Auto Insights, told Business Insider that China was now "well past the first movers" when it comes to battery electric vehicles.

That has led EV companies to increasingly target customers with limited access to charging infrastructure who may be more skeptical of pure battery-powered vehicles. "There's a huge market for those people," Le said.

He added that diversifying into hybrids made financial sense for EV startups still searching for profits, as hybrids and extended-range vehicles are generally cheaper to produce than battery electric equivalents due to their smaller batteries.

Despite delivering record numbers of cars in recent months, Xpeng, Zeekr, and Nio continue to rack up heavy losses amid a bruising price war in China's cut-throat EV market.

Above all, Le said the likes of Xpeng and Zeekr did not want to miss out on the booming popularity of hybrids.

"They've seen the success BYD has had. BYD basically gives you a full menu — they have offerings at $10,000, $15,000, $30,000 on battery electric or hybrid. That's a compelling reason to buy a BYD," he said.

Overseas ambitions

There are other advantages to selling hybrids, especially for Chinese manufacturers with one eye on overseas expansion.

BYD, Xpeng, Nio, and Zeekr are all seeking to grow beyond the pressure cooker of China's brutally competitive EV market by selling new models and setting up factories in foreign markets.

This expansion push has increasingly encountered hurdles as Western nations have imposed trade protections to protect their auto industries from a wave of cheap Chinese EVs.

The European Union followed in the footsteps of the US by finalizing steep tariffs on imported Chinese electric vehicles in October, with some manufacturers facing a maximum tariff of 35.3% on top of an existing 10% levy.

The new EU tariffs, however, do not apply to hybrids, giving China's EV upstarts a crucial opening.

BYD is already looking to take advantage, with president Stella Li telling Autocar the company was planning to launch three hybrid models in Europe next year alongside three battery EVs.

Fellow EV maker Nio, meanwhile, is reportedly developing its first hybrid model exclusively for the overseas market.

Auto experts have said that European tariffs could ultimately boost imports of plug-in hybrids. S&P Global Mobility analyst Ian Fletcher recently wrote that Chinese automakers are likely to replace some pure EVs in Europe with more hybrids and petrol vehicles.

"I think BYD is going to go to town on the lack of a higher tariff on plug-in hybrids in Europe," said Le. "And the Europeans are going to eat up plug-in hybrids, full stop."

BYD, Zeekr, and Nio did not respond to requests for comment from Business Insider.

• China's Tesla rivals are booming, with BYD, Nio, and Zeekr all breaking sales records.
• Despite their success, many Chinese automakers continue to lose money.
• Nio reported a widening net loss in its latest earnings, as the CEO of Xpeng warns many EV firms face a fight to survive.

China's Tesla rivals might be booming, but they're still losing money.

Nio, Zeekr, Xiaomi, and Xpeng have all broken personal sales records in recent months. Xpeng delivered 24,000 vehicles last month, and Xiaomi sold over 100,000 of its SU7 EV this year alone.

However, the booming sales come as many Chinese EV makers continue to report heavy losses, as they grapple with a brutal price war and intense pressure to quickly launch new affordable models amid a crowded field of battery-electric vehicles.

EV startup Nio, known for its battery-swapping stations and run by CEO William Li, sometimes dubbed "the Elon Musk of China," reported widening losses in its Q3 earnings on Wednesday.

The company reported a net loss of 5.06 billion yuan ($700 million), up 11% from the third quarter of 2023.

Shares plunged nearly 7% in the hours after the announcement, despite Nio delivering 61,800 vehicles in the past three months, a new quarterly record for the company.

The company has been hit hard by the price war that has gripped the Chinese market for much of the past year. Nio said vehicle sales had fallen despite record deliveries due to lower average selling prices.

Nio's rivals reported a similar blend of booming deliveries and painfully high losses.

Zeekr delivered a record 55,000 vehicles in the third quarter, up over 50% from last year, while fellow EV startup Xpeng recorded record sales of its electric vehicles in October.

Both companies narrowed their net losses year-over-year, but they remained sizable at 1.81 billion yuan ($250 million) for Xpeng and 1.14 billion yuan ($157 million) for Zeekr, respectively.

Xpeng's shares fell amid concern that the company's upcoming affordable models may dilute selling prices and margins.

Smartphone maker Xiaomi, which has pivoted into EVs and received acclaim from Ford CEO Jim Farley, announced it was upping its sales target for its high-tech SU7 electric vehicle after selling over 100,000 this year.

Despite this, the tech giant continues to lose money on its EV venture.

A fight to survive

Xpeng CEO He Xiaopeng told Singaporean newspaper The Straits Times that the competitive pressure means most Chinese carmakers will not survive the next decade.

"From 300 start-ups, only 100 of them survived. Today, there are fewer than 50 companies that still exist, and only 40 of them are actually selling cars every year," he said.

"I personally think that there will only be seven major car companies that will exist in the coming 10 years," Xiaopeng added.

One company that is not having the same problems is Tesla's nemesis BYD.

The automaker posted bumper revenues in its Q3 earnings last month, outstripping Elon Musk's company in quarterly sales for the first time, and recorded a profit.

BYD's net profit rose 11.5% from the previous quarter to 11.6 billion yuan ($1.6 billion), and it also sold a record number of vehicles in the third quarter. It's its success comes as Tesla's sales in China slip, with the company's October deliveries down 5.3% from the same month last year.

Analysts previously told Business Insider that BYD was reaping the benefits of its strong hybrid lineup and that its manufacturing approach of making almost every component in-house enabled the company to keep costs low.

"BYD's high degree of vertical integration — making rather than buying many key strategic components — means it can control production of batteries and chips and can do so at very low cost," David Bailey, a professor of business economics at the University of Birmingham, told BI.