• Tamara Ponzo Brattoli's retirement plans changed after her son's sudden death in 2018.
• Brattoli took a job at Costco to pay her bills, but she worries about her financial future.
• Many older Americans face financial struggles after losing loved ones, which affects their retirement.

Tamara Ponzo Brattoli, 57, was set on retiring comfortably in her 60s. She raised three children with her husband and worked as a professor at a community college in a Chicago suburb.

However, when her son died suddenly, she said, in addition to the grief, she became much more worried about her retirement.

Her son Anthony was a college student who died after working abroad in the summer before his senior year. His death hit the family hard, and Brattoli struggled to return to work. After taking a leave of absence to grieve and returning for a few semesters, she retired from teaching, took her pension early, and got a job as a warehouse manager at Costco to help her make ends meet.

She's proud of herself for lessening her financial burden and for getting back to work in a role she could handle, even though it was in a completely different industry.

Though she makes enough to live comfortably, she said she's worried her pension won't keep up with inflation, which could make her finances tighter down the line. She wishes she had more resources and guidance to solidify her finances after Anthony's death and had saved more money earlier in life in case tragedy struck.

"I regret not maximizing my options during that awful time," she told Business Insider. "I needed better help to make decisions but did not know where to turn, and I do not feel like my former employer, or my union, or my therapists really knew how to help me."

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Brattoli is one of a few dozen older Americans who told BI through interviews and a voluntary survey in recent months that losing a loved one affected their finances and retirement plans. Some respondents said losing a spouse, a parent, or a child made them panic and make poor financial decisions. Others said they had to quit working or take lower-stress jobs to cope with the pain.

Read a letter Brattoli wrote to her younger self about what she would have done differently or kept the same. Her story continues below.

Raising a family as a college professor

Brattoli grew up in a middle-class family in Sacramento, California, and was the first in her family to graduate from college. She got a master's degree in English and found work teaching at a community college outside Chicago in 1993, where she also ran its study-abroad program.

She and her husband had three children and invested much of their money in them. She taught extra classes to keep their finances stable and fund vacations.

Brattoli supported her children's musical passions, including financially. Anthony played the tuba and enrolled at Brown University. He won the Brown University Orchestra Concerto Competition and had a concentration in English and Slavic studies. In 2018, he got a job in Prague translating Russian legal documents into English.

"I had this job that allowed me to be flexible during the day, but then so I would run around, take the kids to their appointments," Brattoli said. "And then at night, I was up grading papers until really late."

Grieving and working

While in Prague, Anthony suffered a brain hemorrhage and was in a vegetative state for a month. Brattoli traveled there and stayed with Anthony for three weeks, and they flew him back to the US, where he lived the last days of his life. The university's insurance paid for the flight back, though she regretted not investing in good travel insurance as a backup in case Brown didn't cover it in full.

Brattoli went on leave after Anthony's death but returned to work starting in spring 2019 — including remote teaching before and during the pandemic — to pay her bills.

"I was completely incapable of teaching, and I forced myself to get through it for a time, but I could not function," Brattoli said.

She said because of the grief, she did not prioritize long-term financial planning, adding that she didn't know where to turn for help beyond her therapists or employer. She wishes she would have spoken with a financial advisor or sought retirement resources to make her savings go further.

While winding down her teaching career at 54, she took a job at Costco, first as a seasonal clerk packing e-commerce orders, then in an administrative role handling accounts payable and scheduling truck routes. She was promoted to facilities supervisor at a distribution center, which paid about $65,000 annually. She said that she's still financially stable and that her Costco salary allowed her to somewhat comfortably pay her bills.

Her husband, who is a few years older than her, worked after Anthony's death but lost his job during the pandemic. He also pivoted to Costco, working at a warehouse.

Financial pains

Brattoli contributed to her public-school retirement plan, though she said she and her husband didn't save much. She didn't track how much she put into her retirement accounts and said it was cumbersome to increase her contributions. She wishes she had set aside much more of her earnings earlier so interest would compound on them.

In the years after Anthony's death, Brattoli said her grief and lack of direction led to some financial issues. Because she gave up teaching, she cashed out her state pension early and got paid less than if she continued teaching for more years.

Since she has a public pension, a Social Security provision cuts her benefits from her private-sector work.

"I'm now at a penalty, and that'll be for the rest of my life," Brattoli said. "Even though now I'm working for Costco and I'm putting into Social Security, my Social Security is going to be terrible."

She intends to work for Costco until she's 65, when she expects to have enough for retirement, fearing she won't be physically equipped to work there much later. Costco gives her health insurance, and with her children now financially stable adults, she said she could save more for her future, putting much of her earnings into her 401(k). She said her pension would help keep her afloat after retirement.

"I feel uncertain right now because inflation has messed up my pension already," Brattoli said. "I suffered with that because I took my pension, and then inflation jumped up, and it's not like Social Security where it automatically increases based on how much inflation goes up."

Brattoli said despite the pain of the last few years, the decision to work at Costco was the best choice. Her Costco income and pension brought her to about where she'd be if she still taught full-time, and the role helped her rebuild her confidence.

"It gave me a chance to focus on something completely different than teaching," Brattoli wrote in her letter. "Now, I wear steel-toed shoes. I learned how to drive a forklift. I climb into the backs of semi-trailers and onto the roof of the building."

Are you an older American with any life regrets that you would be comfortable sharing with a reporter? Please fill out this quick form.

• Tirzepatide, the active ingredient in Zepbound and Mounjaro, is no longer in short supply, the FDA says.
• Cheaper versions of the drug, known as compounded tirzepatide, might be restricted in 2025.
• Patients could face higher costs and tougher access, and telehealth is racing to adapt.

The FDA has announced that popular weight loss medication tirzepatide is no longer in shortage, potentially removing cheaper versions of the drug from the market by early 2025.

Tirzepatide is the active ingredient in Eli Lilly's drugs Mounjaro and Zepbound, branded to treat diabetes and obesity, respectively.

They're part of a class of medications called GLP-1 agonists, including semaglutide (sold as Ozempic and Wegovy), which have transformed obesity treatment in recent years. These injections work by mimicking hormones in the body that regulate appetite and blood sugar, helping patients lose as much as 25% of their body weight.

Manufacturers have struggled to meet the intense demand for these drugs. This opened the door for pharmacies to offer custom-made versions with the same active ingredient, known as compounded GLP-1 medication, at a significantly lower cost — around $250 to $350 per month for tirzepatide, compared to Zepbound's list price of $1,059.

With the official shortage over, the FDA has signaled it will crack down on compounded tirzepatide, affecting patients who've relied on the lower-priced medication.

"People are concerned. They're saying, 'This has been life changing but I don't have $1000 to pay out of pocket and my insurance isn't going to cover it," Ted Kyle, a health professional with decades of experience in policy, marketing, and obesity care, told Business Insider.

Eli Lilly did not immediately respond to Business Insider's request for comment.

Most compounded versions of tirzepatide won't be allowed without an official shortage

The FDA's annoucement on December 19 to officially remove tirzepatide from the shortage list means compounding pharmacies will be restricted from making what are essentially copies of the brand-name version. These copies use the same active ingredient — in this case tirzepatide — but are not FDA-approved, although the manufacturers are held to other regulatory standards.

Compounding pharmacies have staunchly disagreed with the decision.

"The drugs they are advertising are not yet available in quantities to meet demand. Until they are, state-licensed pharmacies will continue to prepare compounded copies, operating within FDA guidance to provide patients access to life-changing medications during this period when the drugmakers cannot," Scott Brunner, CEO of the industry trade group Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding, wrote in a statement on LinkedIn.

The FDA had previously moved to end the shortage in October, but delayed the decision after a compounding industry organization filed a lawsuit alleged it hadn't given proper notice. An update on that case is expected in early January 2025.

As it stands now, the FDA's decision will give makers of compounded tirzepatide up to 90 days before enforcement to "avoid unnecessary disruption to patient treatment," per the announcement.

Companies are racing to adapt

The FDA decision also raises questions for the booming telehealth industry that connects patients with weight loss drugs, as companies like Henry Meds and Hims offer compounded GLP-1s — some have removed compounded tirzepatide from their websites.

For now, businesses will still be able to offer some lower-cost medications for weight loss since semaglutide, better known as Wegovy and Ozempic, is still considered to be in shortage.

In some cases, telehealth execs are pivoting to strike a deal with pharmaceutical companies.

Earlier in December, telehealth company Ro announced a partnership with Eli Lilly to offer a half-price version of Zepbound, Lilly's brand-name tirzepatide product. The cheaper option is sold in vials in an effort to sidestep supply-chain issues with the prefilled pens and compete with compounded drugs.

More brand-name GLP-1 drugs are on the horizon

More FDA news could continue to change the trajectory of GLP-1 drugs in the coming months.

The FDA also announced the approval of the first generic version of a once-daily GLP-1 injection for Type 2 diabetes on December 24. It could pave the way for similar generic medications, including those for weight loss.

And more brand name GLP-1s are in the works as biotech startups and pharmaceutical companies race to find the next blockbuster medication.

For now, access to weight loss drugs is out of reach for many people who could benefit from them.

"This is going to be a continuing tension for years to come," Kyle said. "Maybe compounding will go away but the issue won't go away because the pricing does not match the scale of need."

• Armani Latimer, 26, is a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader in her fifth season.
• During the 2024 "My Cause My Boots" game, she performed without a wig.
• She hopes her performance inspires people to take a stand and start impactful conversations.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader Armani Latimer. It has been edited for length and clarity.

I'm in my fifth season as a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader, and the 2024 "My Cause My Boots" campaign game was the first time I performed without a wig.

Each year, Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders choose a different cause to highlight for the campaign. During that game, members can customize their boots to highlight their cause.

Some of my teammates chose to raise awareness for things like mental health and human trafficking. We each pick a cause that's near and dear to us personally or has impacted someone we're close to. This year, I chose alopecia awareness as the cause I wanted to highlight.

In college, my alopecia got worse

I was diagnosed with alopecia when I was 12 years old. It didn't affect me that much when I was younger, partially because I didn't fully understand what having alopecia even meant, but I also didn't have many bald spots. Even when I started seeing more bald spots, I still had enough hair to cover them, so it wasn't really an issue.

It wasn't until I began college in 2016 at the University of Southern Carolina that the spots started to get bigger, and my hair took longer to grow back. My best friends I grew up with, and my family knew about my condition, but the friends I made in college didn't know until years later.

When you're starting college, you're just trying to make friends. It's hard to say right off the bat, "Hey, I'm not feeling like going out and doing my hair today because I found a bald spot on my head this morning." It was kind of hard to navigate my alopecia getting worse by myself, but I had to just push forward. My alopecia worsened during college, and that's also when I decided to opt for protective hairstyles in the form of wigs and sew-ins for the first time.

Shortly after graduating from college in 2020, I auditioned for the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders and decided I wanted to try wearing my natural hair. I removed all of the extension from my sew-in and went into 2020 training camp with my natural curls.

I loved wearing my natural hair out, but the demands of having your hair game-day ready every single day and trying to make the team can create a lot of stress. Stress can increase the rate at which your hair falls out with alopecia. The combination of that stress and doing my hair every day, whether it was the tension of using a brush or styling my hair with curlers, sped up the process of losing my hair.

When training camp ended and I officially joined the team, I decided to go back to wearing a wig because of the rate at which my hair was falling out. During my second season on the team in 2021, I lost my hair completely, and I've been bald ever since.

This year, I wanted to make a bold alopecia awareness move

This is my third year highlighting alopecia awareness for the "My Cause My Boots" campaign. I've revealed more and more about my alopecia journey with each year. One year, I filmed a video of myself getting ready and posted it on my Instagram. But this year, I wanted to take things a step further. At the beginning of the season, I decided to go without my wig for the game this year. Stepping out and doing something bold was a decision that felt placed on my heart.

I woke up the morning of December 9 feeling very excited, but the nerves started to kick in as we got closer to game time. When you know you're about to make a big impact on people, there's extra weight on you to do the moment justice. Most of the nerves came from knowing this would be a conversation for so many people and so many eyes would be on me.

I was both excited and nervous on game day

My teammates were extremely helpful in calming my nerves, and reassuring me they were completely behind me. My parents and close friends were also in attendance for the game. I remember hearing a few gasps when we started to walk on the field for the performance. I looked out to see a ton of phones and cameras everywhere. In my head, I was like, "Whoa, this is a lot of attention." I almost forgot one of the moves for half a second because I was too distracted. But once I settled into the dance, I had a great time and even shed a few tears.

My dad also has alopecia, and I've looked up to him my whole life as someone who has it and still is happy with life. Jada Pinkett Smith has also been an important representation of alopecia for me. It's comforting to see someone who looks like me rocking her alopecia without any fear of what someone might say.

I hope that my performance serves as a representation to other little girls struggling with alopecia that you can still go out and reach for your goals. I also hope my performance serves as a reminder that regardless of your platform, you can take a stand, make a difference, and start a conversation.

• Ciara, 28, submitted an average day of eating to be reviewed for Business Insider's Nutrition Clinic.
• A nutritionist said eating more food, especially carbs, would help her.
• If you'd like to have your diet reviewed by an expert, fill out this form.

Ciara, 28, submitted her eating routine to Business Insider's Nutrition Clinic, where qualified dietitians and registered nutritionists offer readers advice on their eating habits.

She said her goals are to lose fat and gain muscle.

Ciara does five CrossFit sessions plus five cardio workout classes a week. She rests on Sundays, she said.

Rebecca Ward, a sports nutritionist and personal trainer, told BI that as Ciara uses so much energy, she needs to eat enough to fuel herself and help her body recover, even if she wants to lose weight.

"She would also benefit from taking a lighter training day on one of her days rather than having only one rest day per week," Ward said.

Building muscle requires enough rest and recovery time between workouts, Ward added.

"If she's sufficiently fueled through better, more optimal food choices, that is definitely achievable," she said, referring to building muscle and losing fat.

While strength training is essential for muscle building, exercise is not a prerequisite for fat loss. Moving more does contribute to a calorie deficit, but research suggests formal exercise makes up only about 5% to 10% of a person's overall daily calorie expenditure.

Overexercising without recovering sufficiently can put stress on the body, hinder progress, or be a symptom of an unhealthy relationship with exercise.

"When we overexercise, we often do it for the wrong reasons, believing we 'need to sweat every day to burn calories' or we 'need train cardio to lose weight,' when actually our bodies will benefit more from a mixture of exercise regimes," Hayley Madigan, a personal trainer, previously told BI.

Ciara eats a high-protein diet

Ciara doesn't eat until 3 p.m. when she has half a high-protein ready-meal consisting of rice and meat.

After working out, she has an egg-white omelet with mushrooms, onions, and cauliflower rice or salmon with broccoli and cauliflower rice.

Later in the day, she has a portion of protein pancakes, two packets of protein chips, and, if she's still hungry, a protein shake or bar.

Ciara estimates she eats 1,200 to 1,300 calories and 110 to 120 grams of protein a day.

By not eating till 3 p.m., Ciara creates a large fasting window from the evening before. While some people feel good while intermittent fasting, it doesn't suit everyone and isn't required for fat loss.

Jaclyn London, a registered dietitian, previously told BI she recommends people eat breakfast as it can form part of a healthy relationship with food and also "set the stage" for the day ahead.

Eat enough carbs to fuel and recover

Ward said it's great that Ciara is eating plenty of protein to help her maintain muscle mass, but she'll struggle to build muscle with such low overall food intake.

"Her diet is very low in calories given the energy expenditure she will have with 10 exercise sessions a week," she said. "It will be difficult for Ciara to recover from or fuel her workouts optimally."

It's true that a calorie deficit is required for fat loss, but dropping your intake too low can have negative consequences such as slowing the metabolism, fatigue, brain fog, muscle loss, and menstrual-cycle loss.

"I'd be intrigued as to how well she performs during workouts that are designed to hit her goal of increasing muscle mass," Ward said. "She would benefit from having more carbs in her diet to optimize performance in said workouts, to achieve higher intensity and volume."

Ward recommends Ciara eat more carbs with every meal and snack, perhaps starting by eating more fruit daily, which would provide fiber too.

Carbs not only provide energy for workouts but help replenish glycogen stores after exercise too, which aids recovery.

Don't forget healthy fats

Ciara's diet is also low in fat.

"Fats are essential for optimal health, are fuel for exercise at lower intensities, but also very important for recovery," Ward said. "So adding in a little oil, avocado, nuts, and seeds will help her recover from training and have greater vitality from fat-soluble vitamin absorption."

Consider separate fat-loss and muscle-gain phases

While it's not impossible to lose fat and gain muscle simultaneously, doing so in separate cycles can be more effective.

This means eating at maintenance calories or a slight surplus to fuel muscle growth for a few months and then dropping into a slight calorie deficit to lose body fat.

"Losing fat and gaining muscle at the same time is possible, but is definitely sub-optimal and arguably better done in phases, i.e. maintenance and then a fat-loss phase," Ward said. "The exercise is more enjoyable too when at maintenance calories."

One of Dr. Mo Sarhan’s patients was experiencing intense cravings for opioids and alcohol when the Florida-based doctor offered him a striking solution: the Eli Lilly weight-loss drug Mounjaro.

“Within days, all of his cravings were gone and he was much more effective in his engagement and treatment. He’s done great since,” Sarhan says.

Sarhan and his colleague Steven Klein at the Caron Treatment Centers in Florida and Pennsylvania have prescribed a range of so-called glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) to treat addictions, using them alongside traditional therapies, to around 75 patients.

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• Nicole Velez weighed 244 pounds at her heaviest in November 2023.
• The 31-year-old who works in a members' lounge at a Florida airport struggled with self-confidence.
• A 60-minute outpatient procedure helped her lose over 100 pounds because it curbed her appetite.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Nicole Velez, 31, from Tampa. It has been edited for length and clarity.

My job is welcoming members to Delta Airlines' Sky Club lounge.

"Are you new here?" customers often ask. "No," I'll reply. "I've checked you in many times before."

They can't believe that I'm the same person I was 11 months ago. It's because I've lost 109 pounds after a non-surgical procedure.

My portion sizes are about a quarter of what they used to be. I feel full after eating much smaller amounts. My new figure has given me a lot of confidence and a new lease on life.

I tried every diet in existence

My weight has been up and down my whole life. I started dieting at 9. It was triggered by an unkind comment from a boy while I was rollerblading up and down a hill. "Wow, you're fat and you can rollerblade?" he said.

I went home and looked in the mirror. In my mind, I saw a large person staring back at me. I regretted raiding the fridge for pizza and eating sugary cereal with sweet, condensed milk. But I couldn't stop myself as an emotional eater. As I got older, I realized I could get through a 4,000 calorie meal and remain hungry.

Over the years, I tried every diet under the sun. In my 20s, I lost 60 pounds but regained it within months with an extra 20 pounds on top.

I suffered aches and pains, despite my young age. My back hurt. Everything hurt. I had to slide out of bed because I was too heavy to pull myself up.

Then, last year, at 244 pounds — far too heavy for my 5ft 6in frame — I was diagnosed with pre-diabetes. It was a shock. "I either have to change my ways, or this disease will kill me," I thought.

I looked for solutions on the internet. I chance upon the non-surgical procedure Bariendo, which cost me $11,000. It was approved by the FDA in 2022.

The weight came off quickly

Bariendo is an hour-long endoscopic that shrinks the stomach by 70%, causing a reduced capacity to take in food. The experts told me it alters gut hormone signaling, leading to reduced appetite and increased feelings of fullness.

I took one day off work and followed a clear liquid diet. I lost exactly 45 pounds in 45 days. Then I graduated to protein shakes and regular food, including raw, vegan meals. I make sure to drink at least a gallon of water a day.

The weight came off quickly. I now weigh 135 pounds. I went from a size 18 to a size 0 and had to buy a new wardrobe. Best of all, my bloodwork showed I was no longer pre-diabetic.

My confidence is much better. I have a good social life. I can swim and rollerblade again. I'm happier than I've ever been since that boy's thoughtless comment in 1991.

Do you have an interesting story to share with Business Insider about weight loss? Please contact this reporter at [email protected].

Kelly is aware that she should have been more careful when she signed up for a weight-loss medication online. She knows she should have looked into the company selling it, but, as she puts it, "desperate times call for desperate measures." She had gastric-bypass surgery in 2011, and that worked for a while, but then she started to gain the weight back after the "food noise" returned. "It's not like alcohol where you can abstain," she says. "You have to eat."

In May, she signed up for a subscription with Zealthy, a telehealth company she found through Google. It seemed simple enough: She was charged a subscription fee and a fee for the medication she ordered, semaglutide, which is basically generic Ozempic. She quickly noticed her food cravings and appetite had decreased. About six weeks later, she noticed she was losing weight. But then the billing got weird. Screenshots of the company's billing portal show that in September she was charged three times for one medication on top of the subscription fee and a separate "manual entry" charge of nearly $400. In October, her medication never arrived; the company blamed shipping delays on hurricanes in Florida. She tried to resolve the problem through the company's chat service and emails, trying to get the medication or a refund, but eventually, she gave up after failing to make progress on either front. She canceled the card she had on the account to prevent further charges. After filing a complaint with the Better Business Bureau, Kelly, which is a pseudonym, has gotten some of her money back, but she's still out hundreds of dollars. Zealthy didn't respond to a request for comment.

The topic of embarrassment came up throughout our conversation. Kelly has been overweight her whole life, and many people aren't particularly nice about it — they don't understand why she can't manage with just diet and exercise. "My pants don't fit if I so much as look at a cookie," she says. The experience with Zealthy only added to this sense of ostracism. Kelly's ashamed that she gained the weight back, that she let her guard down, and that she was taken for a ride.

But Kelly isn't alone: The explosion of new weight-loss medications has opened the door for all sorts of questionable business practitioners and outright scams. Drugs promising to help people lose weight are everywhere, and the fact that society prizes being thin — and punishes those who aren't — makes vulnerable people susceptible to tricks.

The diabetes and weight-loss drugs semaglutide and tirzepatide — which are generally referred to as GLP-1s and which you probably know by the names Ozempic or Wegovy, made by Novo Nordisk, and Mounjaro or Zepbound, made by Eli Lilly — have been game changers in obesity treatment and management. For people struggling with their weight, these drugs can seem like a miracle. But because the brand-name medications are so expensive and difficult to get, many people, like Kelly, are turning to other sources, buying copycats from online telehealth companies and sellers that have very little, if any, oversight.

Compounded versions of the drugs have been effective for many people, even if the Food and Drug Administration doesn't approve them and has warned against taking them. But not everyone has been so lucky. In Kelly's case, she's out a chunk of money. (She's not the only one with issues with Zealthy: The federal government has sued the company, alleging unfair and deceptive conduct including billing customers for things they didn't knowingly agree to and misleading people about their subscriptions.) For others, the consequences are not only financial but medical. Poison-control centers reported an enormous jump in semaglutide-related calls last year. One recent study looking at websites advertising semaglutide without a prescription found that 42% of the sites belonging to online pharmacies were part of illegal operations.

"We're a little bit in the Wild West," said John Hertig, an associate professor at Butler University's College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. "It's just exploded so fast. There's so much money to be made here."

The marketplace is awash in companies trying to ride the Ozempic wave by selling compounded semaglutide, knockoff drugs, and similar-sounding supplements. Last year NBC News found that there were more ads on Instagram and Facebook mentioning semaglutide than there were ads for Viagra on the platforms. Semaglutide content is all over TikTok, much of it dubious. Phishing scams that use the medications as the hook have increased, as have other schemes designed to get people's data or payment information with the promise of access to the drugs. Reddit and the Better Business Bureau's website are filled with complaints about telehealth companies offering GLP-1 products — people describe unwittingly signing up for pricey subscriptions, never receiving medication, or finding it impossible to quit. It can be hard to discern a safe, legitimate offer from a dupe. Complicating things is that the FDA hasn't clearly established what's OK here, leaving consumers to figure things out for themselves. Even big-name telehealth companies are sending medications to patients without a lot of supervision.

"Every medication carries a risk, and they don't affect everyone equally," said Jessica Bartfield, a clinical associate professor at Wake Forest University's Bariatric and Weight Management Center. "So when you see these images and testimonials and stories about people who are on it for maybe inappropriate purposes or who are losing tremendous weight or who aren't being monitored the right way, then it normalizes it, and people think that that's OK."

The body-positive movement has spread the message over the past decade or two that you can and should love your body at any size and that health and beauty are not synonymous with thinness. That movement isn't necessarily a failure, but the rush to get semaglutide shows that American culture's preference toward skinny never went away, said Natalia Mehlman Petrzela, a history professor at The New School who wrote the book "Fit Nation: The Gains and Pains of America's Exercise Obsession."

"It's very clear that there are still a lot of people who — medical issues aside — really want to be thin," she said.

As much as the FDA and doctors might tell people that off-brand semaglutide and other products are risky, people aren't necessarily deterred from seeking them out. They see others getting results, and they want the same.

"You don't see this with cancer treatment. You don't see this with blood-pressure medications. You don't see this with antibiotics," Bartfield said. "This is a very unique field, and I can appreciate the appeal."

The rush of gray-market semaglutide and scams riffing on the desire for the drugs are a confluence of market need and market want — some people who really do need to lose weight for medical reasons are turning to alternative methods because they can't get or afford the "official" stuff, while others are using the medications more out of vanity. After all, the pursuit of dubious miracle products in the name of being thin and attractive has existed forever.

"I mean, Jane Fonda tells stories of mailing away for tapeworms," Mehlman Petrzela said. "In the '90s — and this is an approved thing — Olestra was a fat substitute, and the warning was anal leakage. And people were like, 'OK, whatever, if it makes you skinny.'"

The promise of being thin is an incredibly effective marketing tactic and one that's hard to resist, especially with this new class of drugs. My Instagram feed is filled with nearly indistinguishable ads for weight-loss medications that show a little vial of some clear substance, list facts and figures about weight loss, and mention how expensive the real stuff is. Sometimes it takes me a second to realize I'm looking at an ad, because it's just a person talking to the camera. Mehlman Petrzela told me she often sees ads for supplements promising to be "nature's Ozempic" on her feed. An acquaintance recently mentioned that after seeing all the ads, she signed up with a telehealth company to see if she qualified to get compounded semaglutide. After a consultation, she was denied. (She's quite thin and pretty clearly didn't need them.) But then, months later, she noticed the company had been quietly withdrawing $30 from her bank account each month. She'd missed it because the purchases were categorized as "groceries."

Eric Feinberg has researched Ozempic scams on TikTok in his role as vice president of content moderation at the Coalition for a Safer Web. He told me the social-media platform's algorithm is good at sending people down a "rabbit hole" of content once it figures out they might be interested in losing weight. "I'm not searching TikTok videos on Ozempic; it's coming right through my feed," he said. "That's the danger."

As part of his research, Feinberg engages with people purporting to be selling Ozempic or some version of it on TikTok. He sent screenshots of one of his recent exchanges with an account called Ozempicweightloos0 where the seller sent over a list of prices ranging from $90 for 0.25 milligrams of Ozempic to $110 for 1 mg. (For comparison, Novo Nordisk's website lists the price of 1 mg of Ozempic as $968.52.) The account stopped responding after he asked where the medication shipped from. It's a type of conversation he's had often — and alerted lawmakers and TikTok to.

Michael Jabbara, a senior vice president and global head of fraud services at Visa, said it saw a huge spike in chatter on the dark web about weight-loss scams in May and June. He posited that it was tied to the World Health Organization's warning around that time about fake semaglutide: The WHO noticed enough nefarious activity to issue an alert, triggering more conversations among bad actors about how well the scams are working. He said they realize that "this is a successful fraud scheme that is yielding a good return on investment for us, so we're going to continue to pursue it."

May and June are also the start of beach season, when people are looking to get their summer bodies — and maybe realizing it's too late unless they take some extreme measures. "Fraudsters are very attuned to cultural moments and what is attractive to consumers," Jabbara said. "They're very keen marketers."

One can't paint all the operators in the compounded-semaglutide and GLP-1 markets with a broad brush, because there's a lot of variation. There's a difference between major telehealth companies like Ro or Hims doling out prescribed medication and illegal pharmacies and scammers on WhatsApp or Telegram sending medications willy-nilly, if at all. But the reality is that everyone is operating in a bit of a gray area.

Except for the really sketchy stuff, compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide are generally coming from compounding pharmacies that make customized medications. Most of the time these pharmacies make medications for people with unique needs: You have an allergy to a certain dye usually used in the name-brand drug, so they make the drug without it for you. But when there's a shortage of the drugs — as there has been for GLP-1 drugs — the rules for compounding get a little looser, and the FDA allows copying.

There are some confusing wrinkles. For one thing, shortages don't last forever, and when they end, the copying is supposed to stop. The FDA took tirzepatide off its shortage list in the fall, which should have meant no more compounding. But after a compounding trade group sued the FDA over the decision, it said it would reevaluate.

Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly both have patents on their drugs, and they're not eager to give up their secret sauce — meaning it's not clear how close the compounded concoctions are to the real stuff. And though the FDA has warned people that all the compounded drugs are risky, it's at the same time somewhat greenlighting them, people are being inundated with ads for them, and people are trying them out. The cat's already out of the bag.

"We're in somewhat of a no-man's-land in terms of no clear regulation, reduced government oversight, and a straight lab-to-lap delivery model," said Anthony Mahajan, a founding partner at the Health Law Alliance, a healthcare-focused law firm.

He added that telehealth and direct-to-consumer GLP-1 sales circumvent many of the checkpoints in traditional prescribing. Because these prescriptions aren't covered by insurers and are instead paid for directly by the consumer, there's no inspection by the government or insurers reviewing whether a drug is medically necessary and deciding whether to authorize payment. Compounds are also generally exempt from a federal law meant to stop harmful drugs from getting into the US's supply chain, meaning checkpoints for product sourcing and supply-chain integrity are missing. "Oversight agencies are cut out," he said.

It's tough to blame consumers or the companies distributing compounded semaglutide for getting into this business, given how expensive and difficult it is to get the name-brand drugs. Insurers generally won't cover Ozempic or Mounjaro unless a patient has diabetes, meaning that to get the medications, people who want to use them for weight loss have to cough up thousands of dollars a year. That's assuming their doctors will prescribe them, which, some won't.

"If you don't price it appropriately, if you don't have enough supply, then people are always going to find another way to get it," Hertig said. "And sometimes that other way to get it is safe, but in many examples it's not."

To ward off telehealth companies, Eli Lilly cut the price of Zepbound for certain patients who order directly from the company, though the drug is still pricey.

To some extent, this is a tale as old as time: People want to be thin and will go to great lengths to achieve that, and businesses are happy to oblige. But GLP-1 medications do seem to have put this dynamic into overdrive. These drugs really are everywhere — in commercials, on social media, in the news, in conversations. And everyone's getting into the semaglutide game: diet companies, gyms, even grocery stores.

Maybe this will all turn out fine. The regular versions of the drugs will become more available, and the generic ones will, by and large, work fine. Sure, there will be scams; that's true of everything. But that's not the only possible outcome. Many people may wind up not only losing money but also harming their bodies by injecting medications that aren't safe. And these medications are so new that it's hard not to worry that in five or 10 years we'll wonder why we allowed online companies to send compounded injected drugs around the country to people who were prescribed a medication after completing a five-minute survey.

Hertig said he expects tighter and clearer regulations on GLP-1s in the years ahead, which is good, though it doesn't help people trying to sort things out now. In the meantime, the miracle drug has people looking for miracles everywhere, including in places they shouldn't.

When people fall for traps or scams, they're often hesitant to admit it or advertise it. That's especially true for weight-loss products — the message American culture sends is that you're supposed to be thin and fit but you're not supposed to talk about how you do it. Society often treats being overweight as a moral failure and using a medication to take off pounds as cheating.

Kelly hasn't given up on semaglutide altogether. She's switched providers — she's now getting her medication from Hers — and continues to shed weight. The experience is "night and day." Her mom is nervous about her taking medication and worries about the unknowns, but that hasn't deterred Kelly. She hasn't told many people about the Zealthy experience, and she doesn't advertise that she's taking a weight-loss drug, though she'll be honest if people ask. Her doctor has been reluctant to prescribe her a GLP-1 medication, meaning she's still paying out of pocket. She thinks the reluctance was part of what landed her in a bad spot in the first place.

"That makes patients like myself especially vulnerable for fraud in the telemedicine world. We want and need to lose weight, have tried everything, and this is working for so many people," she said. "So we turn a blind eye to the risks."

Emily Stewart is a senior correspondent at Business Insider, writing about business and the economy.

• At 360 pounds, Clark Valery felt less efficient in his role as a volunteer firefighter.
• The 38-year-old was motivated to lose weight after the death of a friend from a heart attack.
• He shed 140 pounds and is in much better shape to tackle fires in his town.

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Clark Valery, 38, an assistant manager at a pharmacy chain and volunteer firefighter from New York. It has been edited for length and clarity.

Since I lost 140 pounds, people have not recognized me. They're shocked because they've seen me as super heavy, and now, within the space of a year, I'm much thinner.

One person only realized it was me when I started talking, and they recognized my voice.

My weight loss has changed my life. I am healthier and happier. Best of all, I feel more energetic and effective as a volunteer firefighter.

I didn't have weight issues growing up. In high school, I was active in football, wrestling, and track. But as I got older, I became bigger and bigger.

I didn't pay much attention to it. Still, looking back, I had unhealthy habits like eating late at night and piling my plate.

I had shortness of breath

My mom did most of the cooking — she'd make things like pasta and rice and beans — and I overate. Then, after she died from dementia in 2012, I began to eat fast food from McDonalds and KFC.

I'd order two Big Macs, 20-piece chicken nuggets, two large fries, and a soda. I'd go to my favorite Mexican restaurant and eat eight tacos. The portions could have fed four people.

My excess weight caused shortness of breath and a sense of being uncomfortable with myself. Nevertheless, in 2018, I felt motivated enough to volunteer as a firefighter in my town.

There was no judgment at the firehouse. They accepted me as who I was. I'd workout with the other members when we met twice a week, but my heart wasn't really in it. Still, I knew I was a good firefighter because of my endurance skills.

However, as time went by, I began to think I wasn't contributing enough. My biggest downfall was climbing ladders. I'd get to the ladder, and it would say the weight limit was 250 pounds. I knew I exceeded that.

I was concerned about a scenario in which I got stranded in a fire, and the guys wouldn't be able to pull out a 400-pound person. It wasn't fair to put them in danger.

The wake-up call came in 2023 when a friend died of a heart attack. Other people who seemed to be in good shape told me they had heart conditions. I looked at myself in the mirror. My family had suffered enough with the death of my mom. I had to change my lifestyle.

I eat healthier now

Thankfully, a friend introduced me to WeightWatchers. At 5ft 8in tall, I weighed 360 pounds. My friend motivated me by saying we could lose weight together.

We went to meetings every week. I was religious about it. I wanted to learn and educate myself. The point system was a major key for me. I realized I'd been eating the equivalent of all my daily points in just one meal.

I completely changed my diet. For breakfast, I'd have scrambled eggs on a whole-grain English muffin with a small piece of sausage.

Lunch and dinner would be something like grilled chicken with salad or vegetables. The best thing I did was substitute cauliflower rice for regular rice. I also stopped drinking alcohol.

My body adapted, and the weight came off. I recently started doing a full-body workout five times a week at the gym. I'll do at least 45 minutes of cardio, followed by weights.

I was delighted when I hit just over 220 pounds. It took 11 months to get to my current weight. My shortness of breath doesn't happen anymore. I feel more involved and impactful as a firefighter. I'm no longer scared by the ladder. The guys seem to respect me more because I take a bigger role.

My waist size has gone from 50 inches to 36 inches. I was a 5X, but now I fit a large. I'm still going to WeightWatchers with my friend. It's improved my social life because I've got to know other people in the group.

My weight loss has opened up a lot of opportunities for me. I'm a new man.

Do you have an interesting story to share with Business Insider about weight loss? Please contact this reporter at [email protected].

The Biden administration on Tuesday issued sweeping health care proposals that would see Medicare plans greatly expand access to blockbuster GLP-1 weight-loss drugs, bar insurers from skipping out on paying certain claims that were granted prior authorization, and reinforce guardrails on the use of AI.

The proposals fit into the administration's existing aims to improve and protect access to care in Medicare and Medicaid programs. But, the future of the proposals is uncertain, as it will be up to the Trump administration to finalize the policies.

Anti-obesity drugs

The flashiest of the proposals is to reinterpret existing law in such a way as to allow Medicare and Medicaid coverage of anti-obesity drugs—particularly the extremely popular and pricy GLP-1 drugs Wegovy and Zepbound. Existing policy excludes coverage of drugs used for "weight loss" or "weight gain."

Read full article

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• GLP-1 medications like Ozempic and Wegovy have skyrocketed in popularity for weight management.
• Taking them doesn't have to disrupt holiday celebrations, a doctor explained.
• Avoid mistakes like changing your dose, and don't worry about traveling with meds, she said.

Popular weight-loss drugs shouldn't keep you from enjoying the holidays, according to a doctor.

GLP-1 medications like semaglutide (sold as Ozempic and Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound) have been a game-changer for weight management in recent years. Recent evidence also shows they may help prevent serious health threats like heart attacks and stroke.

They can influence appetite and the types of foods you might crave, but there's no reason they should dampen your holiday cheer, said Dr. Caroline Apovian, co-director of the Center for Weight Management and Wellness at Brigham and Women's Hospital.

"These drugs seem to alter what kinds of foods you're attracted to, but you still have pleasure with the food that you have an appetite for," she told Business Insider.

To stay on track and enjoy the season, avoid these misunderstandings about GLP-1 medications that arise around food-related holidays.

Don't stop taking medications or change your dose

It doesn't make sense to skip a dose of GLP-1 medication or take less over the holidays, Apovian said — you wouldn't do so with other prescribed medications.

The drugs work by acting on hormones that influence appetite and digestion, helping to lower what's known as your weight set point. That influences your hunger and metabolism.

As a result, it's a bad idea to try to tweak your dose or schedule without talking to your doctors.

"These drugs are not meant to be manipulated like that," Apovian said.

Don't feel like you're going to miss out on holiday fun

Taking a GLP-1 over the holidays won't prevent you from enjoying the festivities.

"It doesn't mean that you have no appetite. It doesn't mean that you're not going to want to eat turkey and the foods you'll have over the holidays. You're just going to probably want to eat less of them," she said.

Smaller portions are key — don't forget you can look forward to leftovers. It can also be helpful to slow down and savor your food so you can tell when you're starting to feel full.

And you may not feel hungry for another helping of dessert or may be more inclined to pass on that extra glass of wine.

If you miss a dose by accident, don't panic

While it's a bad idea to skip doses on purpose, it's not a crisis if you forget to pack it or forget to take it on time. The best course of action is to resume your normal weekly dosing routine as soon as you can.

"You just take it in the next time you have it. Nothing bad will happen," Apovian said.

If it's been more than five days since you were supposed to take it, move on to your next weekly dose. Don't double up.

Don't worry about refrigerating medications while you travel

GLP-1 medications like Wegovy and Mounjaro should be stored in the fridge, but will be just fine for a day of travel as long as they're not exposed to heat, according to Apovian.

"It's OK. All you have to do is not keep it at 100 degrees," she said.

Remember, this is not a quick fix

It's a mistake to think that weight loss medications can temporarily prevent weight gain over the holidays, or reverse it for New Year's resolutions.

Like any other medications for chronic conditions, GLP-1s are prescribed to people long-term.

"This a not a short-term anything, You're changing your metabolism," she said. "If you stop taking it, your metabolism will go back to where it was and defend that higher body weight."

People are sometimes hesitant to think of staying on GLP-1s forever, in part because of ongoing stigma around weight. However, they shouldn't be treated differently than drugs for other chronic conditions like high blood pressure.

"I think the stigma is affecting our understanding of the disease. That understanding will continue to expand. We'll get there," Apovian said.

If you’re looking to keep a closer eye on your health, a smart scale might be the perfect addition to your wellness routine. Unlike standard scales, which only measure weight, smart scales go further by tracking a range of metrics like body fat percentage, muscle mass and even water weight. They connect to your smartphone or tablet, syncing up with health apps so you can easily monitor changes over time and set fitness goals. Plus, many smart scales offer user profiles, which is great if multiple people in your home want to track their own progress individually.

Smart scales also bring a level of accuracy that standard scales just don’t offer. By analyzing bioelectrical signals, these scales can provide you with more detailed insights, helping you get a clearer picture of your body composition and overall health. Whether you’re just starting a fitness journey or want more in-depth insights into your wellness, a smart scale can help you stay motivated and informed.

Table of contents

• Smart scale safety

• Best smart scales for 2024

• What to look for in a smart scale

• How we tested and which smart scales we tested

• Smart scales FAQs

Smart scale safety

There are valid reasons to weigh yourself, but your self-worth shouldn’t be defined by the number that shows up between your feet. If you’re looking to alter your body shape, that figure could go up as your waistline goes down, since muscle weighs more than fat. Dr. Anne Swift, Director of public health teaching at the University of Cambridge, said that “weighing yourself too often can result in [you] becoming fixated on small fluctuations day-to-day, rather than the overall trend over time.” Swift added that “it’s sometimes better to focus on how clothes fit, or how you feel, rather than your weight.”

(A meta-analysis from 2016 found there may be some negative psychological impact from self weighing. A 2018 study, however, said that there may be a positive correlation between regular weigh-ins and accelerated weight loss. It can be a minefield, and I’d urge you to take real care of yourself and remember that success won’t happen overnight.)

Best smart scales for 2024

What to look for in a smart scale

Weight

A weighing scale that measures weight is probably the top requirement, right? One thing to bear in mind is that, with all these measurements, weight readings won’t be as accurate as a calibrated, clinical scale. Consequently, it’s better to focus on the overall full body weight trend up or down over time, rather than the figures in isolation.

Connectivity

Most scales will either connect to your phone over Bluetooth, or to your home’s Wi-Fi network, and you should work out your regular weighing routine ahead of time. A lot of lower-end, Bluetooth-only scales will only record your weight when your phone is present and don’t keep local records. That means if you routinely leave your phone outside the bathroom at home, you could lose that day’s stats. Wi-Fi connectivity, on the other hand, allows a scale to post your stats to a server, letting you access them from any compatible device. Some smart scales even allow multiple user profiles, which is great for families or shared households. But you need to be mindful that there’s a small risk to your privacy should that information from your Wi-Fi scale be compromised.

Bone density

The stronger your bones, the less you’re at risk from breaks and osteoporosis, which you should keep in mind as you get older. Clinical bone density tests use low-power x-rays but higher-end scales can offer an approximation from your own bathroom. These bone mass tests pass a small electrical current through your feet, measuring the resistance as it completes its journey. The resistance offered by bones, fat and muscle are all different, and your scale can identify the difference.

Body fat percentage and muscle mass

Fat and muscle are necessary parts of our makeup, but an excessive amount of either can be problematic. Much like bone density, a smart body fat scale can measure body fat and muscle mass percentages using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). This measurement tests how well your body resists the electrical signal passing through your body. (It’s a rough rule of thumb that you should have a 30/70 percent split between fat and muscle, but please consult a medical professional for figures specific to your own body and medical needs.) For those with specific athletic goals, some smart scales also offer an athlete mode to better tailor readings for accuracy.

BMI

A lot of scales offer a BMI calculation, and it’s easy to do since you just plot height and weight on a set graph line. Body Mass Index is, however, a problematic measurement that its critics say is both overly simplistic and often greatly misleading. Unfortunately, it’s also one of the most common clinical body metrics and medical professionals will use it to make judgements about your care.

Pulse Wave Velocity

French health-tech company Withings has offered Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) on its flagship scale for some time, although regulatory concerns meant it was withdrawn for a period of time. It’s a measurement of arterial stiffness, which acts as a marker both of cardiovascular risk and also other health conditions. I’ve had anecdotal reports that PWV scales have sent people to the doctor, where they’ve found they were close to a cardiac event. It’s worth saying, as with all of these technologies, that there is limited, albeit positive, research into how accurate these systems are.

Display

Less a specification and more a note that smart scales have displays ranging from pre-printed LCDs or digital dot matrix layouts through to color screens. On the high end, your scale display can show you trending charts for your weight and other vital statistics, and can even tell you the day’s weather. If you are short-sighted, and plan on weighing yourself first thing in the morning, before you’ve found your glasses / contacts, opt for a big, clear, high-contrast display.

App and subscriptions

You’ll spend most of your time looking at your health data through its companion scales app, and it’s vital you get a good one. This includes a clear, clean layout with powerful tools to visualize your progress and analyze your data to look for places you can improve. Given that you often don’t need to buy anything before trying the app, it’s worth testing one or two to see if you vibe with it. It’s also important you check app compatibility before making your purchase. Some health apps will only work with iOS or Android — not both. Apple Watch connectivity can also be a bonus for tracking workouts and health metrics seamlessly.

Several companies also offer premium subscriptions, unlocking other features – including insights and coaching – to go along with your hardware. Fitbit and Withings both offer these services, which you may feel is worth the extra investment each month.

Data portability

Using the same scale or app platform for years at a time means you’ll build up a massive trove of personal data. And it is, or should be, your right to take that data to another provider when you choose to move platforms in the future. Data portability is, however, a minefield, with different platforms offering wildly different options, making it easy (or hard) to go elsewhere.

All of the devices in this round-up will allow you to export your data to a .CSV file, which you can then do with as you wish. Importing this information is trickier, with Withings and Garmin allowing it, and Omron, Xiaomi, Eufy and Fitbit not making it that easy. (Apps that engage with Apple Health, meanwhile, can output all of your health data in a .XML file.)

Power

It’s not a huge issue but one worth bearing in mind that each scale will either run disposable batteries (most commonly 4xAAA) or with its own, built-in battery pack. Sadly, all of our crop of smart scales use batteries, adding an environmental and financial cost to your scale life. That’s just about forgivable for scales that cost under $100, but this stretches even to the highest-end models. When you’re spending more than that on a device, the lack of a rechargeable cell feels very, very cheap indeed.

How we tested and which smart scales we tested

For this guide, I tested six scales from major manufacturers:

Mi (Xiaomi) Body Composition Scale 2 ($29.99)

Our cheapest model, Xiaomi / Mi’s Body Composition Scale 2 is as bare-bones as you can get, and it shows. It often takes a long while to lock on to get your body weight, and when it does you’ll have to delve into the Zepp Life-branded scales app in order to look at your extra data. But you can’t fault it for the basics, offering limited (but accurate) weight measurements and body composition for less than the price of a McDonald’s for four.

Fitbit Aira Air ($49.95)

Fitbit, now part of Google, is the household name for fitness trackers and smartwatches in the US, right? If not, then it must be at least halfway synonymous with it. The Aria Air is the company’s stripped-to-the-bare bones scale, offering your weight and a few other health metrics, but you can trust that Fitbit got the basics right. Not to mention that most of the reason for buying a Fitbit product is to leverage its fitness app anyway.

Anker Eufy Smart Scale P2 Pro ($79.99)

Eufy’s Smart Scale P2 Pro has plenty of things to commend it – the price, the overall look and feel (it’s a snazzy piece of kit) and what it offers. It offers a whole host of in-depth functionality, including Body Fat, Muscle Mass, Water Weight, Body Fat Mass and Bone Mass measurements, as well as calculating things like your Heart Rate and Basal Metabolic Rate (the amount of calories you need to eat a day to not change weight at all) all from inside its app. In fact, buried beneath the friendly graphic, the scale offers a big pile of stats and data that should, I think, give you more than a little coaching on how to improve your overall health.

Shortly before publication, Anker – Eufy’s parent company – was identified as having misled users, and the media, about the security of its products. Its Eufy-branded security cameras, which the company says does not broadcast video outside of your local network, was found to be allowing third parties to access streams online. Consequently, while we have praised the Eufy Smart Scale for its own features, we cannot recommend it without a big caveat.

Omron BCM-500 Body Composition and Scale with Bluetooth ($89.99)

Given its role in making actual medical devices, you know what you’re getting with an Omron product. A solid, reliable, sturdy, strong (checks the dictionary for more synonyms) dependable piece of kit. There’s no romance or excitement on show, but you can trust that however joyless it may be, it’ll do the job in question and will be user-friendly. The hardware is limited, the app is limited, but it certainly (checks synonyms again) is steady.

Joking aside, Omron’s Connect app is as bare-bones as you can get, since it acts as an interface for so many of its products. Scroll over to the Weight page, and you’ll get your weight and BMI reading, and if you’ve set a fitness goal, you can see how far you’ve got to go to reach it. You can also switch to seeing a trend graph which, again, offers the most basic visualization of your workouts and progress.

Garmin Index S2 ($149.99)

Garmin’s got a pretty massive fitness ecosystem of its own, so if you’re already part of that world, its smart bathroom scale is a no-brainer. On one hand, the scale is one of the easiest to use, and most luxurious of the bunch, with its color screen and sleek design. I’m also a big fan of the wealth of data and different metrics the scale throws at you – you can see a full color graph charting your weight measurements and goal progress, and the various metrics it tracks in good detail. If there’s a downside, it’s that Garmin’s setup won’t hold your hand, since it’s for serious fitness people, not newbies.

Withings Body Comp ($209.95)

At the highest end, Withings’ flagship Body Comp is luxurious, and luxuriously priced, a figure I’d consider to be “too much” to spend on a bathroom scale. For your money, however, you’ll get a fairly comprehensive rundown of body composition metrics including your weight, body fat percentage, vascular age, pulse wave velocity and electrodermal activity. Its monochrome dot matrix display may not be as swish as the Garmin’s, but it refreshes pretty quickly and feels very in-keeping with the hardware’s overall sleek look. If there’s a downside, it’s that they ditched the rechargeable battery found in the Withings Body Cardio (its former flagship, and an excellent scale I’d recommend if it were within the parameters of this guide) in favor of AAA batteries. Which, when you’re spending this much on a body fat scale, makes me feel very nickel-and-dimed.

Smart scales FAQs

What's the difference between a smart scale and a regular scale?

A regular scale is pretty straightforward - it tells you how much you weigh, and that’s usually it. A smart scale, on the other hand, does much more. Not only does it give you your weight measurements, but it can also track things like your body fat percentage, muscle mass, and even your BMI. Some smart scales even monitor more advanced metrics like bone density, depending on the model.

What’s even better is that smart scales sync with scales apps on your phone using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, so you can see all your health data in one place. This lets you monitor trends over time, like if your muscle mass is increasing or your body fat percentage decreasing.

How do smart scales work with more than one person using it?

When more than one person in a household uses the smart scale, it usually recognizes each person by their weight range and other body measurements (like body fat percentage). Most smart scales allow you to set up individual profiles in the companion app, and once your profile is linked, the scale can automatically figure out who’s standing on it.

Let’s say you and a family member have fairly different weights - the scale will easily know who’s who based on that. But if you and someone else have similar weights, it might ask you to confirm the profile on your phone after the weigh-in. Some scales even let you assign a profile manually in the scales app if it’s not sure.