• An F/A-18 Super Hornet aircraft was shot down in an apparent case of friendly fire, CENTCOM said.
• The incident occurred after the missile cruiser USS Gettysburg mistakenly fired on the craft.
• Both pilots were safely recovered, with one sustaining minor injuries, per CENTCOM.

An F/A-18 Super Hornet jet was shot down in an apparent case of friendly fire, CENTCOM said in a statement late Saturday.

The incident occurred over the Red Sea in the early hours of Sunday morning local time. The two US Navy pilots involved in the incident both survived.

"The guided missile cruiser USS Gettysburg (CG 64), which is part of the USS Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group, mistakenly fired on and hit the F/A-18, which was flying off the USS Harry S. Truman," CENTCOM's statement reads. "Both pilots were safely recovered. Initial assessments indicate that one of the crew members sustained minor injuries."

An investigation into the incident is underway.

Several hours before the incident, in a separate statement about its operations, CENTCOM said US Central Command forces had conducted "precision airstrikes against a missile storage facility and a command-and-control facility operated by Iran-backed Houthis within Houthi-controlled territory in Sana'a, Yemen." It is unclear if the friendly fire incident was related to those strikes or another operation.

The Boeing-built Super Hornet is a supersonic, twin-engine fighter aircraft "able to perform virtually every mission in the tactical spectrum," according to the manufacturer.

The cost of a new Super Hornet craft has been rising rapidly, Forbes reported last year. The outlet reported that the last set of 20 jets was purchased from Boeing for $55.7 million per aircraft.

CENTCOM did not immediately respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.

• Ukraine said that North Korean troops had accidentally killed 8 Russian soldiers in Kursk.
• Ukrainian intelligence said it was a "friendly fire" incident caused by a language barrier.
• Experts previously told BI that language issues would pose a challenge for the military alliance.

Eight Russian soldiers were killed by North Korean forces in a recent "friendly fire" incident in Kursk, according to Ukrainian intelligence.

North Korean soldiers opened fire on Russian military vehicles, Defense Intelligence of Ukraine said on Saturday, attributing it to a language barrier between the two forces.

It didn't say when the incident took place, but added that language barriers continue to be a "difficult obstacle" for Russian and North Korean personnel, per The Kyiv Independent's translation.

Business Insider could not independently verify the report.

North Korea has sent thousands of troops to aid Russia in its fight against Ukraine, officials from South Korea, Ukraine, and the US have said.

Dmytro Ponomarenko, Ukraine's ambassador to South Korea, told Voice of America last month that the number could reach 15,000, with troops rotated out every two to three months. He said a cumulative 100,000 North Korean soldiers could serve in Russia within a year.

Experts on the relationship between the two states have previously said that the language difference between North Korean and Russian soldiers would be a key logistical issue.

Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., an expert in North Korean defense at the Center for International and Strategic Studies, told BI that though the two countries have historical ties, they rarely learn each other's language.

"To conduct combat operations with an allied force that doesn't speak your language presents real problems," he said.

North Korean soldiers have been sent to aid Russian forces in Kursk, an area of Russia that was partially occupied by Ukraine in August.

The North Korean soldiers are reported to have been scattered across various Russian units and had already come under Ukrainian fire as of early November.

Audio intercepted by Defense Intelligence of Ukraine in October suggested a chaotic start to the Russia-North Korea partnership, not least because of language difficulties.

In the intercepted audio, a Russian soldier complained about leaders having "no fucking clue" what to do with the new troops and remarked that they had been allocated one interpreter per 30 soldiers.

The soldiers reportedly killed in the friendly fire incident were from the Ahmat battalion, Ukrainian intelligence said — a group under the control of Chechen warlord and Putin loyalist Ramzan Kadyrov.

"Kadyorovites," as they are known, have been fighting in Kursk since August, according to reports.

Ukraine initially seized a large swathe of Kursk in its surprise cross-border raid — around 500 square miles — but Russian forces have retaken about 40% of that land, a senior Ukrainian military source told Reuters in late November.

• Financial independence writer Andre Nader built a seven-figure net worth before age 40.
• The former Meta employee shares his top money-related books, including 'The Simple Path to Wealth.'
• Another one of his favorites, 'Die With Zero,' helped him become more comfortable spending his money.

At 37, Andre Nader has enough in savings that he doesn't expect to ever have to work a 9-to-5 again.

After 15 years working in tech — nine of which were at Meta — he was laid off in 2023. Rather than job search, he leaned into the Substack publication he started in 2021, FAANG FIRE, and started doing one-on-one coaching. FIRE stands for financial independence retire early.

He and his wife, who works as a designer for Uber, had been preparing to retire early and had already built a sizable, seven-figure nest egg. Between her tech income and their savings, they had enough to sustain their family of three in San Francisco. While Nader is technically retired in his 30s, he says he'll consider himself "semi-FIRE'd" until his wife walks away from her job.

The financial independence blogger and coach shared three books that changed his money mindset and helped him build wealth.

"The Simple Path to Wealth" by JL Collins

JL Collins' 2016 book is a popular choice within the FIRE community.

The author delivers on his promise of providing a simple path to wealth — his main advice is to buy stocks via Vanguard's Total Stock Market Index Fund — which Nader said he appreciated as a former tech employee: "Particularly in tech, a lot of our work involves being hyper-creative or being extremely analytical and doing very complicated things in our day-to-day. We think we need to take the same approach to our finances."

Collins rejects that belief and suggests the opposite, Nader said: "It doesn't have to be complicated. You can rely on the math that other people have done and then keep it boring."

Nader didn't always keep things simple: He said he lost a good chunk of money trading options in his early 20s. However, once he learned about low-cost index fund investing, he was sold on the effective and hands-off strategy. He's built wealth by investing primarily in Fidelity and Vanguard index funds, including VTI and VXUS.

"Die With Zero" by Bill Perkins

Nader says his spending philosophy shifted after reading Bill Perkins' unconventional financial guide.

While saving money always came naturally to Nader, which was a good quality for someone pursuing FIRE, his frugality sometimes prevented him from spending on things that would enrich his life.

Perkins' book was "a good counter for me," he said. "I'm naturally frugal and naturally live within spreadsheets. 'Die With Zero' forced me to think about experiences more in the same way that I think about my finances: Just like my finances can compound, life experiences can also compound."

Nader says that one of the frameworks detailed in the book particularly resonated with him: Think about your life in five-year buckets. Then, maximize the experiences that make the most sense during those timeframes.

For example, in the first five years of his daughter's life, "maybe those aren't the best years for going to Disney World," he said. "Maybe that's going to be when my daughter is five to 10."

At 37, he's also thinking about prioritizing more adventuresome activities while he can: "In my 55 to 60 bracket, I probably don't want to be downhill skiing because maybe my knees aren't going to be in a place they are while I'm in my 30s and early 40s. So having those experiences matched up with my life stages is helpful."

"Enough" by Jack Bogle

When Nader decided to pursue FIRE, one of the first steps he took was establishing his "enough number," a concept he read about in Vanguard founder Jack Bogle's book.

It's essentially the amount of money that would allow him to never have to earn another dollar.

"'Need' is the big thing," Nader said. "You can continue earning more, but you don't necessarily need it to hit your goals and to live the life that you want. For me, that was always a big motivating factor."

As of late 2024, his "enough" number is around $5.6 million, which he calculated by considering his family's annual spend in San Francisco and future costs like healthcare and his daughter's education.

Having experienced a layoff in 2023, he's hyper-aware that life happens, and his expenses and circumstances will continue to change. For that reason, "I'm constantly running my numbers and trying to calculate how much enough is."

• Andre Nader sold his Austin rental due to stress outweighing financial benefits.
• He and his wife, who moved to SF in 2014, have found renting to be more cost-effective than owning.
• Nader says he doesn't need to own real estate to hit his FIRE goals and focuses on index fund investing.

Andre Nader has been both a homeowner and a landlord — and neither are for him, at least at this moment in time.

Shortly after getting married in 2012, he and his wife bought a home in Austin. When they moved to San Francisco in 2014 for a job Nader landed with Facebook, they kept it as a rental rather than selling. Their original plan was to move back to Texas.

Nader decided to self-manage the rental from nearly 2,000 miles away, which he did for a year and a half. When his tenant gave notice to move out and Nader flew back to Austin to deal with the turnover, he was surprised with what he found.

"The place was just kind of trashed," he told Business Insider. "It needed all-new carpet. It needed a lot of work."

While the extra income had been nice — he said the property generated a cash flow of a couple of hundred dollars a month — ultimately, it wasn't worth it.

"The stress and the mental overhead were drastically outweighing any of the short-term financial benefits," said Nader, who decided to sell rather than find a new tenant. Plus, he and his wife, who had started working as a designer at Uber, were enjoying the Bay Area and found themselves pushing out their timeline. "I was never convinced we would stay in San Francisco for the long term, but I became more and more confident that we wouldn't be immediately back to Austin."

Choosing to rent to save on housing in SF and leaning into index fund investing

Nader, 37, has been pursuing FIRE (financial independence, retirement early) since his 20s. He and his wife have always lived below their means, and for years, they kept their expenses low enough so that just one of their tech incomes could cover all of their household expenses, allowing them to invest about half of their combined income.

When they moved to the Bay Area, renting made sense from a budget perspective: It was cheaper for them to rent in the pricey city — and it still is, said Nader: "Right now, San Francisco really favors renting. It's really hard from a pure numbers standpoint to make owning make sense."

There are exceptions, he noted: "Particularly in a place like San Francisco, a lot of the math can change with the appreciation of property values. If housing prices continue to increase, then maybe buying can come out, but if you take conservative approaches to any future increases in housing, renting just ends up making a lot more sense mathematically."

Plus, Nader was never convinced he and his family would stay in San Francisco long enough to make buying worth it.

"The Goldilocks timeline has historically been, five to seven years is when buying starts being more advantageous than renting," he said. "Now when I do the numbers, it's even longer — closer to the 10-year timeframe — and I'd never been confident that I would be in San Francisco that long."

While prudent real estate investing is a viable path to wealth, Nader doesn't believe he needs to own property to hit his financial goals.

His investment strategy revolves around low-cost index funds. He owns various Fidelity and Vanguard index funds, including Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund ETF Shares (VTI) and Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (VXUS).

Nader describes the strategy as "super boring," but it's effective: It's helped him build a seven-figure net worth, which BI verified by looking at a copy of his investment report.

It's not lost on him that bringing in two tech incomes was a major advantage.

"I won the income game by being in tech, by being a dual-income household. I didn't need to be taking these outsized risks by investing in extremely speculative ways. I could be boring in my portfolio," said Nader, who worked at Meta for nine years before he was affected by the company's 2023 layoffs.

He and his wife had enough between their savings and one tech income that he didn't have to find another job, but he says he'll consider himself "semi-FIRE'd" until his wife also walks away from her job.

Nader, who spends his days writing on Substack and doing one-on-one financial independence coaching, says his investment strategy has remained the same since the layoff. He likes the hands-off approach to index fund investing, especially after experiencing what it's like to own real estate.

When he was managing the Austin rental, "I kind of quickly realized that the promise of real estate being a clearly passive investment, even if you have property managers, wasn't something that, for me, proved to be true, so it further reinforced my view around focusing on super boring, low-fee index funds," he said. "I could have a few hundred thousand dollars in real estate and maybe a million dollars in index funds, but I would be thinking about the real estate three times as much, so it would be a disproportionate amount of mental exercise, at least for me."

Inspired by Israel's Iron Dome, the startup's automated system hopes to protect everything from neighborhoods to vineyards in coming fire seasons.

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• FIRE blogger Andre Nader and his wife have been working toward early retirement for years.
• When they were both working full-time in tech, they lived off of one income and saved the other.
• Nader broke down their household budget from March 2023 to February 2024.

When Andre Nader sat down to calculate his "enough number" — the amount of money that would allow him to never have to earn another dollar and give him the option to retire early — the first thing he did was analyze his spending.

From there, he could work backward and estimate how much he'd need to sustain his family of three's lifestyle in retirement.

Members of the FIRE (financial independence, retire early) community typically use the "4% rule," which suggests that you can safely withdraw 4% annually from your nest egg. For example, if you retire with $1 million, you should be able to withdraw $40,000 from your retirement funds each year without running out of money. To figure out your number using this rule, you simply multiply your annual spending by 25. Nader prefers to use a more conservative 3% safe withdrawal rate, which you can calculate by multiplying your annual number by 33.33.

He and his wife, who works as a designer for Uber, had been preparing to retire early together. They were on track to do so until Nader was affected by Meta's 2023 layoffs. The couple had enough between their savings and one tech income that Nader didn't have to find another job, but he says he'll consider himself "semi-FIRE'd" until his wife also walks away from her job.

They built a seven-figure net worth thanks to a variety of factors, including high incomes — "I won the income game by being in tech, by being a dual-income household," said Nader — but they've also been disciplined savers and investors.

Nader, who describes himself as "naturally frugal," said that he and his wife always kept their expenses low enough so that just one of their tech incomes could cover all of their household expenses. This allowed them to invest about half of their combined income in low-cost index funds.

Between March 20203 and February 2024, the family of three residing in San Francisco kept their annual expenses around $140,000.

Nader, who writes about financial independence on his Substack, FAANG FIRE, broke down his family's annual budget:

Housing: $60,000 a year ($5,000 a month). The biggest chunk of their budget (42%) goes toward rent. "Running the numbers for my personal situation, I have never been able to make home ownership pencil in within San Francisco," he wrote on his blog.

Shopping and personal: $21,473 a year ($1,789 a month).

Children: $18,136 a year ($1,511 a month). This spending category, which includes education, childcare, activities, and necessities like clothing, decreased significantly after Nader's daughter graduated from preschool and started at public school as a kindergartner.

He broke down the costs within this spending category between March 2023 and February 2024 in a separate chart.

Food: $16,284 a year ($1,357 a month).

Travel and vacations: $10,443 a year ($870 a month). Now that his daughter is getting older and travel is more manageable, Nader says he's intentionally trying to increase spending in this category.

Bills and utilities: $6,241 a year ($520 a month).

Health and wellness: $5,363 a year ($447 a month).

Transportation: $2,741 a year ($228 a month). Nader and his wife share one fully paid-off car. They also are on a pre-paid maintenance plan for the next four years.

Miscellaneous: $1,201 a year ($100 a month.)

Increasing his budget heading into 2025

After being laid off in 2023, Nader is hyper-aware that life happens, and his expenses and circumstances will continue to change.

His spending has already increased since he ran his numbers in early 2024. Most notably, his family moved so that they could be within walking distance of their daughter's school. The move bumped his rent from $5,000 a month to $8,000.

He's thinking about 2025 as an experimental year and is doing some "boundary testing" on their spending, particularly while his wife is still working.

"It's much easier to increase spend while someone in your house is working, so right now, we're like, 'Hey, what would it be like if we did live in a single-family home in San Francisco? Is that the life that we want?'" he said.

His spending philosophy has shifted after reading Bill Perkins' "Die With Zero," he added.

The book was "a good counter for me," he said. "I'm naturally frugal and naturally live within spreadsheets. 'Die With Zero' forced me to think about experiences more in the same way that I think about my finances: Just like my finances can compound, life experiences can also compound. That led me to prioritize travel to a higher degree."

Nader doesn't want to sacrifice a certain quality of life or experiences in his pursuit of FIRE. He recognizes that what he and his family value will shift over time, which is why he periodically revisits his spending and "enough number."

"What 'enough' is in 2022 ended up being different than what I thought 'enough' would be in 2024," he said. "I realized that I did want to spend more in certain places, so I explicitly forced myself to spend more on things like travel. I realized I was unnecessarily saving more than I needed to, and I wasn't spending in a way that was bringing me happiness."

• Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is set to reopen on December 7.
• It's been more than five years since a fire devastated parts of the historic building.
• Take a look at new images of the restored cathedral below.

Notre Dame Cathedral, one of Paris' most iconic buildings, is set to reopen its doors on December 7, more than five years on from the devastating fire that ravaged its roof and toppled its spire.

Ahead of the reopening service, which will be presided over by the Archbishop of Paris, French President Emmanuel Macron took a televised walking tour of the cathedral, offering glimpses of the restoration. In a post on X, Macron shared a photo, writing alongside it: "Achieving the impossible together. That's France."

Business Insider has compiled some images of the restored building below.

A fire broke out at Notre Dame Cathedral on April 15, 2019.

The blaze destroyed much of the building's roof and brought down its spire. Fortunately, the cathedral's bell towers and main structure survived.

The subsequent restoration project is estimated to have cost more than $700 million.

France's President Emmanuel Macron and his wife, Brigitte, visited ahead of the official reopening.

Macron gave a speech to people who worked on the rebuild.

A reopening service is set to be held on December 7.

A Mass is then planned for December 8.

President-elect Donald Trump is set to attend the reopening ceremony on Saturday.

• Part of a Frontier Airlines plane caught fire upon landing in Las Vegas last month.
• 19 passengers suing the airline say they were kept on a smoke-filled plane for nearly an hour.
• The NTSB's report said firefighters told the pilots the smoke had been eliminated.

A group of Frontier Airlines passengers say they were kept on board a smoke-filled plane for nearly an hour in a lawsuit filed last week.

The 19 plaintiffs were among the 197 people on board Flight 1326 from San Diego to Las Vegas on October 5.

According to the National Transportation Safety Board's preliminary report into the incident, the Airbus A321 was arriving at Las Vegas' Harry Reid International Airport when it suffered a brake fire. Photos and video of the incident show smoke and flames coming from the aircraft.

The flight's first officer told investigators that, shortly before descent, the cabin crew detected an odor in the cabin, which was then smelled in the cockpit, too.

The report added that after the pilots declared an emergency, their display screens were limited, and they had some difficulty communicating with air traffic control.

Friday's lawsuit, filed in the Nevada District Court, says that the cabin was filled with smoke and became "extraordinarily hot."

It adds that passengers were also subjected to "the violent impact of the landing" after tires exploded and landing gear collapsed.

Emergency services came onto the runway to extinguish the fire.

The 190 passengers and seven crew were evacuated via the air stairs and took a bus to the terminal, a Frontier spokesperson previously told Business Insider. They added that nobody was injured.

The lawsuit says that before evacuating, passengers were "held on a sweltering smoke-filled aircraft for nearly an hour."

The NTSB's report said the pilots began the emergency evacuation checklist but firefighters told them the fire was extinguished and the smoke was eliminated.

Frontier Airlines did not immediately respond to a request for comment from BI about the lawsuit.

The plaintiffs accused the airline of negligence and asked for at least $15,000 in both general and special damages, plus lost wages and attorneys' fees.

NTSB and Federal Aviation Administration investigations into the incident are ongoing.

• A cease-fire deal aims to end the Israel-Hezbollah conflict after nearly 14 months of fighting.
• The US and France will play a role in monitoring for potential violations of the deal.
• Regional experts say the US role in monitoring creates complications and challenges.

A cease-fire agreement that aims to end the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, the Iran-backed Lebanese militant group, marks a hopeful diplomatic moment after nearly 14 months of conflict.

However, regional security experts say a provision bringing the US — as well as France — on board to monitor potential violations could complicate matters.

During the coming weeks, the cease-fire deal requires a halt to hostilities, as well as Hezbollah fighters retreating from the Israeli border and Israeli military forces on the ground in Lebanon withdrawing.

Despite these provisions, "the underlying challenges are enormous," said Fawaz A. Gerges, a professor of international relations at the London School of Economics, adding that the outcome largely depends "on the will of the combatants."

Gerges said that the inclusion of the US in the cease-fire monitoring process "complicates" matters.

US troops will not be deployed in the area, but the US and France will join a pre-existing mechanism between United Nations peacekeeping forces and the Lebanese and Israeli armies, known as the tripartite mechanism.

The US will chair the group.

An uncertain neutrality

Gerges expressed doubts about how neutral the US would be in the process, pointing to Washington's track record of supporting Israel.

If the US proclaims a Hezbollah violation, Israel has assurances from the US that it can respond. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu echoed this in a statement, saying: "If Hezbollah violates the agreement and tries to arm itself, we will attack."

However, Gerges said he thinks it is highly unlikely the reverse — the US declaring an Israeli violation — would happen.

As such, Hezbollah likely views the inclusion of the US in the monitoring process with suspicion, he said, adding that he thinks Hezbollah believes that "the US will do Israel's bidding."

Paul Salem, vice president for international engagement at the Middle East Institute, told BI that, in his opinion, the US is absolutely not neutral. "They are, in a sense, representing Israel, so that's why Israel trusts them."

Salem added that if Hezbollah is really going to implement its part of the agreement, then America's role is not going to be that difficult or controversial.

"The challenge would be, for the Americans, is if Hezbollah is not implementing the agreement," he said. "Then, Americans are not going to fix it. Americans are not going to send troops to fight over it."

"Then the whole thing will collapse right away and Israel will resume the war," he said.

Hassan Fadlallah, an MP in Lebanon and senior official for Hezbollah, said Tuesday that the group reserves the right to defend itself should Israel attack, according to The Guardian.

More robust than in the past

Burcu Ozcelik, a Middle East research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, said in an email to BI that the enforcement mechanism appears to be "more robust" than past efforts, but there is a "high level of risk attached to the implementation of the cease-fire."

"This is now when the hard work begins to ensure that violations are not committed by either party," she said.

However, Ozcelik continued, "The question is how committed the US-led effort will be to police the agreement, to remain steadfast in its own role to ensure enforcement."

Shortly after Hamas' terror attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023, Hezbollah began attacking Israel in solidarity.

Tensions continued to escalate in the following months, with Israel eventually targeting and killing Hezbollah's senior leadership and launching a ground invasion into Lebanon.

Since October 2023, Israel says about 60,000 of its residents have been displaced by Hezbollah's rocket attacks, while Lebanon says more than one million of its residents have had to leave their homes, and thousands have died.

The cease-fire agreement will not stop the fighting in Gaza, though President Joe Biden said on Wednesday that the US will make "another push" to broker a deal there.

• Israel agreed on a cease-fire deal aimed at ending 14 months of fighting with Hezbollah.
• "Everyone is coming to the table because of President Trump," said Florida Rep. Mike Waltz.
• `The White House fears Trump will take credit for bringing an end to the Gaza war, a report said.

Donald Trump's team has claimed credit for the cease-fire deal between Israel and Hezbollah, which took effect in Lebanon on Wednesday morning.

The agreement, aimed at ending nearly 14 months of fighting, was described by President Joe Biden as "designed to be a permanent cessation of hostilities."

Under the terms of the deal, Israel's military will withdraw from Lebanon over a 60-day period while Hezbollah moves its forces north and the Lebanese army deploys to the south.

Mike Waltz, the President-elect's national security advisor, posted on X that "everyone is coming to the table because of President Trump."

Waltz continued by saying that Trump's victory sent a "clear message to the rest of the world that chaos won't be tolerated."

According to the Associated Press, a senior Biden administration official said that Trump's team was kept informed about negotiations as they unfolded.

The official added that the incoming Trump team was not directly involved in the talks.

Richard Goldberg, an advisor at the Washington group Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, told the AP that Iran —which would have had to give its approval to Hezbollah for the deal — factored Trump's presidency into the agreement.

"There's zero doubt that Iran is pulling back to regroup ahead of Trump coming into office," said Goldberg. "It's a combination of Israeli military success and Trump's election — the ayatollah has no clothes and he knows we know."

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu' said in a televised speech that Israel would attack Hezbollah if it broke the terms of the cease-fire or gave any inkling of preparing to attack again.

With only 54 days in office, Biden now hopes to redouble his efforts for a cease-fire in Gaza.

"They, too, deserve an end to the fighting and displacement," he said. "The people of Gaza have been through hell. Their world has been absolutely shattered. Far too many civilians in Gaza have suffered far too much."

However, with time running out, there is fear in the White House that it will be Trump who will take credit for bringing an end to the war, according to The Times.

The World Bank Group estimates that the total damages incurred due to the war in Lebanon are around $8.5 billion, of which $5.1 billion are economic losses.

"President Trump has been crystal clear that his support for Israel and his commitment to peace in the Middle East is steadfast. Hezbollah understands this is their best opportunity to get a more favorable deal done," a representative for the Trump-Vance transition team told Business Insider.

"Iran-backed proxies clearly see the clock ticking as President Trump will soon return to the White House with a strong national security team, including Marco Rubio, Mike Waltz, and Pete Hegseth, with US intelligence led by Tulsi Gabbard and John Ratcliffe. President Trump rightfully predicted that actors in the region would make moves toward peace because of his historic victory — and that's exactly what we are seeing take place."

Representatives for Biden did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

• Andre Nader switched from an EPO health insurance plan to an HDHP to get access to an HSA.
• Nader found the mental burden of managing healthcare costs outweighed HSA tax benefits.
• He plans to switch back to an EPO plan in 2025 for simplicity.

Andre Nader spent years on Meta's growth team, where his work involved experimentation and testing to determine how to improve specific products.

"I like to use that same testing methodology in my own life," the 37-year-old founder of financial independence blog FAANG FIRE told Business Insider. After getting laid off in 2023, Nader didn't have to job search thanks to the seven-figure net worth he built after years of investing in index funds and transitioned to writing on Substack full-time.

In 2024, he decided to put the popular, triple tax-advantaged health savings account (HSA) to the test. One requirement of using an HSA is that you must have a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP), so he switched his family from an EPO health insurance plan, which he'd used for most of the past decade.

Nader said the EPO plan would be the simpler choice for him and his family — he wouldn't have to think about deductibles, the co-pays would be low, and all major hospitals were in-network — but he couldn't help but wonder if the savings from having an HSA would outweigh the extra hassle of having an HDHP, which offers a lower premium but comes with a higher deductible.

The benefits of using an HSA, which he describes as a "magical account," were obvious to him. It is a unicorn in that it offers a triple tax benefit:

1. You can contribute pretax dollars, which reduces your taxable income.
2. You can invest your HSA funds (the investment options vary by provider), and your contributions and earnings grow tax-free.
3. You can withdraw your money tax-free to cover qualified medical expenses (including things like copays, lab fees, and vaccines). After 65, you can use your HSA money to cover any expense without incurring a penalty, but the funds are subject to income tax.

Consider other tax-advantaged accounts. With a Roth IRA, you contribute after-tax money (and eventually withdraw it tax-free); with a traditional 401(k), you contribute pre-tax money (and eventually pay taxes when you withdraw).

"It's very rare to have an account where you're putting money in pre-tax and then also taking it out without paying taxes on it — and the entire time it's there, it can grow tax- and penalty-free," said Nader.

To maximize HSA gains, investors will invest their funds (rather than letting their HSA money sit in a cash account) and avoid touching it so it can grow and compound over time. Not touching your HSA funds means covering your medical expenses out of pocket, which is what Nader did throughout 2024. He saved all of his receipts from health-related expenses, so he'd have the option to reimburse himself later if he needed to (there's no time limit on when you can reimburse yourself from your HSA).

"In a spreadsheet, this is very lucrative," he said of taking full advantage of an HSA. Some companies will even contribute a certain amount to their employees' HSAs, which is essentially free money. "However, life isn't always about what happens in a spreadsheet."

Changing his coverage in 2025: 'I don't want to be living a life where I'm thinking about the cost of my healthcare'

As Nader's year of experimentation comes to a close, he's confident that an HDHP is not the right fit for his family and is switching healthcare plans in 2025. He says he'll likely go back to using an EPO.

"Even though the HSA is an amazing account that I can grow tax- and penalty-free forever, for me, the incremental benefit wasn't there," he said.

His main issue with using an HDHP and HSA was the mental bandwidth it required.

"The reason you're saving so much is you need to actually be thinking about your medical expenses more," said Nader. "Every single time that you go to urgent care, you're paying out of pocket until you hit a deductible or your out-of-pocket maximum. Every single time you go to a specialist, you're paying out-of-pocket until you hit your out-of-pocket maximum. So there was a lot more mental overhead in thinking about my healthcare decisions."

He felt like he couldn't be on autopilot like he was with an EPO plan, where an urgent care visit may cost him $10. With an HDHP, that same visit may cost hundreds of dollars, enough to stop and think about whether to get care.

"What's been happening over this year is, every single time I've needed to go to urgent care, I've thought about it a little bit, and I really didn't like that my health decisions were intersecting with my financial decisions," he said. "I didn't want to think about whether I should go to the emergency room if I had a cut; I should just go to the emergency room and not factor in the expenses."

At the end of the day, "I don't want to be living a life where I'm thinking about the cost of my healthcare."