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The American-made M2 'Ma Deuce" machine gun is becoming Ukraine's weapon of choice for arming AI-enabled fighting robots
Courtesy of United24
- Ukraine's soldiers have been fighting Russia with M2 Browning machine guns, an iconic American weapon.
- Now, ground robot makers are adding them to their AI-enabled fighting weapons.
- One maker told BI that the gun's wide employment and reliability make it a weapon of choice.
An iconic, century-old American machine gun is being put to work on the battlefields of Ukraine, including on AI-enabled robots designed to fight Russian forces.
John Browning conceived of the .50 caliber M2 Browning machine gun in 1918 toward the end of World War I, though it didn't enter service with the US military until closer to World War II. Known as "Ma Deuce," this powerful gun is among the most famous and enduring weapons.
It's received a number of upgrades, and it is still used by US forces and other militaries. In fact, it's one of the most widely used heavy machine guns in the world today.
And now it's part of the robotic age. It's being mounted on Ukraine's advanced autonomous robots that use AI to drive to Russian positions and attack.
Battle bots with M2
Ukrainian forces are using robots equipped with machine guns, grenade launchers, and explosives to fire on the Russians and blow up beside Russian targets. Many of the Ukrainian defense firms working in this space have chosen the M2 machine gun as an armament for these robots.
Ukraine's FRDM group, for instance, is a drone and ground robot manufacture that makes its D-21-12 remotely controlled ground battle vehicle with the .50 caliber gun attached.
The robot, designed for firefights and surveillance, weighs 1,289 pounds with its ammunition included and can travel more than six miles an hour. It was approved for use by the military in April.
Ihor Kulakevych, a product manager at FRDM group, told Business Insider last month that the M2 was chosen because the heavy machine gun is readily available in many arsenals in the West. This weapon and the ammunition are easily obtained.
Mykhailo Fedorov
The same cannot be said for Ukraine's supply of Soviet-made machine guns. The stocks are running low, and they can't exactly get more, aside from capturing them in battle.
Kulakevych said his company also sees the M2 as a particularly reliable weapon.
Vadym Yunyk, the CEO of FRDM Group, told BI that the company developed its robot "in response to the urgent need to reduce risks to personnel while performing logistical tasks on the front lines." He said that it can be used for tasks including evacuating wounded soldiers and serving as "a platform for mounting weapons." He said that it has "proven its effectiveness on the battlefield."
Other robot makers are also using the M2. Ukrainian company DevDroid, for example, has developed a new combat module for its Droid TW 12.7 ground robotic complex that can carry the M2 Browning.
The vehicle was originally developed as a logistics platform, but the addition of the machine gun made it into a combat robot, the company said this month. It is on the battlefield in Ukraine, and the company said that it uses AI, describing it as having "high-precision target recognition using artificial intelligence."
The M2 is also being used in an AI-powered turret called the Sky Sentinel that Ukraine said has been able to shoot down some of Russia's large and devastating Shahed drones and can stop cruise missiles.
The Sky Sentinel system is designed to require almost no human involvement, which is important for Ukraine as it faces big manpower shortages compared to the much larger Russia. The system uses AI to find and track targets and determine firing solutions, which is valuable for the Ukrainians as they face relentless Russian air attacks while grappling with shortages of air defenses.
High- and low-tech solutions
Ukrinform/NurPhoto via Getty Images
The M2 has seen combat in a range of conflicts, from World War II to Vietnam to Iraq to Afghanistan.
In Ukraine, they are being used by real soldiers, not just robots. Ukraine's air defense soldiers are also using the M2s mounted on the back of trucks to shoot down Russian drones. (A BI reporter actually tried out a simulator for this weapon in Kyiv).
The war in Ukraine is one that features both high- and low-tech solutions, like more drones than any other conflict in history, new types of electronic warfare, and other emerging technologies alongside simple combat options, like shotguns for shooting down fiber-optic drones and hastily welded cages on tanks.
Mykhaylo Palinchak/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
There's trench warfare like something straight out of World War I and ground robots with machine guns.
Ground robots are a technology that has been used by Western militaries before, but Ukraine is developing them at a new speed and scale, and it's getting constant feedback about how they work on an intense battlefield so makers can refine them.
I moved from a big city to a remote island in Washington that doesn't have a grocery store or gas station. I've never been happier.
Blakely Spoor
- After college, I moved from Nashville to a remote island in Washington.
- There's no grocery store or gas station here, and most residents are at least 30 years my senior.
- Living here full-time requires careful planning, but it's one of the best decisions I've ever made.
Last summer, I was a year out of college and living in Nashville, with no idea where to go next.
Most of my friends were headed to New York City, with a few straying from the norm by going to other big cities, like Denver or Dallas. I, however, veered entirely off the norm β practically skidding on two wheels β by moving to a tiny, remote spot in Washington's San Juan Islands where I spent summers as a kid in my family's cabin.
The small island wasn't on my short list of places to move postgrad. In fact, it wasn't on any of my lists. However, the appeal of a slower pace of life, coupled with the quintessential feelings of being lost in my 20s, compelled me to try living there.
Living here is unlike anything I've experienced before
Blakely Spoor
My family's 40-year-old cabin was built in just two weeks and was never meant to be lived in full-time. It has single-pane glass windows that creak with every gust of wind, and the rotting deck grows even more rotted with each rainy season that passes.
It's a far cry from my high-rise existence in Nashville, but it has its benefits.
The beaches, scattered with sun-worn driftwood, stretch on for miles, with scarcely another person in sight. While sitting at my kitchen table, I watch seals bobbing in the waves, shorebirds diving for their dinner, eagles scanning the land down below, and geese flapping their strong wings as they take off.
Almost every morning, I walk the rocky expanse of beach that lies outside my front door.
However, life on the island has its quirks. Gone are the days of my convenient city existence, where everything I needed was within a few-mile radius. In fact, my new home has no grocery store, no gas station, and only one point of public access.
Trips to the mainland can only be made via a small water taxi, which operates a handful of times throughout the week. Thankfully, modernity has started to catch up, with the frequency of the island taxi runs increasing and even enabling local grocery delivery through Instacart.
Living here full-time requires meticulous planning, thorough lists and a sprinkle of resourcefulness.
I've even formed unlikely friendships with my older neighbors
In Nashville, I was surrounded by neighbors on the 15th floor of an apartment building β yet I never met a single one of them. Here, however, it didn't take long for me to form close bonds with the locals.
They're a hearty, salty, rugged bunch, and I quickly learned that I would do best to avoid getting on their bad side. They're the kind of people who can catch, kill, and fix anything, and most of them are at least 30 years my senior.
I, on the other hand β young, bright-eyed, and with little to no hard skills β definitely did not fit the mold of an island resident. Despite this, I was welcomed into the community with open arms.
On the eve of the first bad winter storm, my 75-year-old neighbor came barreling down the dirt road in his mandarin-orange 1970s pick-up. He wanted to ensure I was prepared for the storm and even offered his place up the hill in case of a power outage.
He, along with our 92-year-old neighbor β another gruff but gentle gentleman β would become my most dutiful, watchful caretakers. We exchange chocolate chip cookies for backyard apples, compare foraged beach treasures, and grab groceries for each other in town.
On the island, looking out for others in your community is the most valuable form of currency.
I couldn't be happier with my decision to embrace island life
Blakely Spoor
Here, I've found a sense of community that I never knew before. I've discovered a lifestyle that is filled with adventure, joy, and the kind of self-confidence that only comes from learning resourcefulness.
Every day, I'm lucky to experience a connection with β and reverence for β the natural world that surrounds me.
I know my life looks different than that of my peers. There are no coffee shops to frequent every morning, no going to restaurants with friends on a Friday night, and don't even get me started on the dating scene. It's the last place anyone would expect a 23-year-old to choose to live, let alone love.
Although it took some time to adjust β I'm a sucker for buying an expensive specialty latte at a coffee shop β I eventually found my groove, and I'm the happiest I've ever been.