• Workouts that combine strength training with a high heart rate can help you save time in the gym.
• A trainer said his go-to workouts help to build muscle and improve stamina in less than 20 minutes.
• Strategies like workout ladders, EMOMs, and weight complexes can make exercise more efficient.

A smart fitness plan can help you build muscle, burn fat, and improve your health all at once — and kettlebells are an ideal tool for the job, according to a personal trainer.

"I like to describe the kettlebell as sort of the Swiss army knife of functional fitness," personal trainer Pat Flynn, who specializes in kettlebell training, told Business Insider. "It's like the ultimate secret weapon."

Kettlebells can be more dynamic than other types of strength training, making them well-suited for getting the most athletic benefits in the least amount of work.

Flynn shared his favorite "pocket-sized" workouts with kettlebells that are simple, don't take much time, and build full-body muscle while elevating heart rate for cardio benefits and better calorie burn.

Three workouts a week is enough for most people, he said. Combined with a quick warm-up for better mobility and performance, they take around 15 to to 20 minutes; less time than catching up on your favorite TV show.

Save time with a ladder-style workout

One of Flynn's go-to ways to work out is doing two exercises one after another, increasing the number of reps of one movement and decreasing the reps on the other to move up the "ladder."

For example:

• 10 reps of a two-handed kettlebell swing and one push-up
• Nine swings and two push-ups
• And so on …
• …ending after a round of one swing and 10 push-ups

The ladder uses a strategy called a superset, performing exercises back-to-back with minimal rest, cutting down on workout time. In this case, it involves using different muscle groups with each move, so that you're resting your legs while your upper body is working, and vice versa.

An 'EMOM' workout keeps you moving

Flynn said he often uses a timed workout called an EMOM, which stands for "every minute on the minute."

To do it, set a running clock. At the beginning of every minute, complete a set of exercise such as:

• 10 kettlebell swings

or

• 10 goblet squats

Rest for the remainder of the minute. Repeat for 10 to 15 minutes.

The built-in rest offers some time to recover while still keeping up the pace enough to raise your heart rate, combining the benefits of cardio and strength training.

If that's too intense, try an alternating EMOM, swapping in a less intense movement like a 20-second plank hold for every other round.

Working out on the clock can help you maintain a high intensity, burning calories while also performing strength exercises so you're building muscle to burn even more energy over time, according to Flynn.

"You'd be better off in terms of bang for buck performing what's called metabolic resistance training," he said. "One of the best ways to get leaner is actually try to focus on being stronger and a bit more muscular as well."

Kettlebell complexes combine multiple exercises efficiently

Flynn likes combining movements together into a workout complex, which means transitioning from one exercise to the next without putting the weight down.

One example:

• 5 single-arm kettlebell swings (with one kettlebell)
• 5 single-arm cleans
• 5 single-arm presses
• 5 squats
• 5 lunges
• Repeat on the other side

A complex is great for increasing your intensity and getting work done in less time. Beginners should master the basic moves first before trying a complex, since you need to be comfortable switching seamlessly between moves (and sometimes doing more advanced moves).

Flynn also likes the Armor Building Complex, a similar workout created by Dan John, a strength and conditioning coach with decades of experience.

With a kettlebell in each hand, perform:

• Two cleans
• One military press
• Three front squats

Repeat for a set time (say, five to 10 minutes) as long as you can maintain good form.

The rep pattern helps make sure that the bigger muscle groups like your legs are working as hard as your arms with the same weight, avoiding a common mistake in HIIT-style workouts.

The end result is a workout that offers a little bit of everything for overall fitness in a short amount of time.

"We just want to be really well-rounded, right?" Flynn said. "We want to have a good amount of strength, lean functional muscle, healthy body fat percentage, mobility, and not get injured."

• Tommy Caldwell, a world-famous climber, injured his Achilles tendon in 2022.
• It took him two years to fully recover, which involved taking a break from climbing.
• He eventually bounced back and broke another climbing record with climber Alex Honnold.

In 2022, world-famous climber Tommy Caldwell was feeling great on a climb in Yosemite National Park. When he fell and popped his Achilles tendon, he wasn't too worried.

"At first, I didn't understand the severity of the injury," Caldwell, 46, told Business Insider. "I've always been a fast healer."

This wasn't the first setback of Caldwell's career. In his 20s, in 2001, he accidentally sawed off part of his left index finger when building a platform. Still, he rose to fame breaking multiple free climbing records. He told BI the comeback was one of "the more uplifting experiences" of his life.

But this time was different.

It was a longer recovery process, one that took two years to fully heal and involved taking breaks from his usual 12-hours-a-day climbing routine, which impacted his muscle mass.

"I was a little bit worried that I was losing my fitness," Caldwell said.

Within a year, he healed enough to climb again — and break another record. In the National Geographic documentary "The Devil's Climb," Caldwell and "Free Solo" star Alex Honnold were the first climbers to ascend all five peaks of The Devil's Thumb, a hazardous mountain range in Alaska, in one day.

He shared some tips for bouncing back, from doing more cross-training to eating more protein.

He cross-trains with biking and light weights

Due to his age, Caldwell believes "strength training is a little bit more important" to build muscle mass.

Climbing naturally strengthens muscles, such as using hang boards during training. Additionally, Caldwell lifts "relatively light weights" to prevent injury and works with a physical therapist to address issues like lower back pain.

He also loves biking: in "The Devil's Thumb," he and Honnold biked from Colorado to Canada to take a boat to Alaska before the big climb. Caldwell said this was an important part of his recovery process leading up to the endeavor, because "I knew that to make my tendons truly healthy, pumping a lot of blood through my body."

He usually does an hour of cardio (like biking) before his daily climb. He said that frequent movement helps him feel his best, especially when he's outdoors for most of the day.

"That's the main lifestyle habit that seems to keep me feeling youthful and energetic and strong," he said. "Just getting up and doing it."

He eats more protein than he used to

Caldwell used to be a vegetarian but said it "didn't work great" for him in terms of getting enough protein.

"Now I'm in a phase where I'm relatively protein-heavy," he said. He starts mornings off with oatmeal and flax seeds, as well as eggs. Because his kids love meat, he has it for dinner about 3 to 4 times a week. He also eats mostly minimally processed foods, including a lot of vegetables.

He said eating more protein and whole foods has helped with even small climbing issues, like the skin on his fingertips healing faster.

"Nutrition can affect that a lot," he said. "Eating fish oils and leafy greens and just drinking enough water is a pretty big deal."

He said he takes supplements like creatine, which helps build muscle. "I've never been hugely scientific about that stuff, I'm always sort of dabbling," he said. Caldwell also has a partnership with Elo, a personalized nutrition brand. Using blood work and data tracking, he said Elo makes him custom vitamins and protein supplements.

He prioritizes life outside of climbing

Caldwell said that the most important thing he could do for this injury was "to just chill out."

Normally, he would deal with climbing injuries by going to a lot of physical therapy. But in this case, it was counterproductive. An Achilles tendon injury required rest, and "I tried to actively heal it, which led to more ruptures," he said.

To climb well again, he had to put it on hold. "Overall, I was surprised my morale didn't suffer more," he said.

A huge part of his emotional recovery was finding joy outside of climbing, such as spending more time with his family. "It was the first time in my life that I realized that I love climbing, but I don't need it for my happiness," he said.

• Looking after our musculoskeletal health can help us stay strong and active as we age.
• Dr. Vonda Wright is an orthopedic surgeon specializing in healthy aging.
• She lifts heavy weights and does a weekly jumping practice to age well.

A muscle and bone doctor who specializes in healthy aging shared her weekly workout routine, which helps her maintains strength and mobility as she ages.

Dr. Vonda Wright, 57, is a Florida-based, double-board-certified orthopedic surgeon, who helps elite athletes, including Olympians and World Rugby Sevens players, optimize their performance.

In our 30s and 40s, we naturally start to lose muscle mass, which is crucial for continuing to do everyday movements, such as standing up from a chair. The process picks up between the ages of 65 and 80.

It's important to stay active to prevent our bones and muscles from weakening, and those who lead a sedentary life with eventually lose strength and balance and start to topple over or shuffle when they walk, Wright told Business Insider.

Around 12% of US adults older than 50 have osteoporosis, and 43% have low bone mass, a precursor to osteoporosis, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. But exercising greatly decreases the risk, Wright said

"Musculoskeletal aging and healthy aging is a lifelong pursuit," she said. "Just show up every day for yourself."

The "critical decade" for people to start developing habits that will allow them to live healthy, active lives into old age is between the ages of 35 and 45, said Wright, the author of "Fitness After 40,"

"70 to 80% of how we age is due to the lifestyle choices," Wright said.

With that in mind, she exercises five to six days a week, including cardio and strength training.

Powerlifting

Wright recommends that everyone learns to lift weights to build and maintain muscle mass.

She is a fan of powerlifting, which consists of deadlifts, bench presses, and squats. She does four sets of four reps of each and ensures she challenges herself with heavy weights.

"I can do four with good form. I'm exhausted. I may be able to do five, but I cannot do six. If I can do that, it's too light, and I need to go up," she said.

Alongside these, she does some accessory lifts, which are targeted at individual or smaller muscle groups, typically focusing on her biceps, triceps, lats, and deltoids. She does four sets of eight reps.

Running with the 80/20 rule

When it comes to aerobic exercise, Wright follows the 80/20 rule, meaning she does low-intensity training, also known as zone 2 training, 80% of the time and high-intensity training the remaining 20%.

Research suggests this approach builds endurance and improves cardiovascular health.

"For everyone, the very beginner runner to the most elite athlete, longer runs where you're maintaining a low heart rate are really beneficial for building aerobic endurance," Dr. Morgan Busko, a sports medicine physician at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, previously told BI. "By running slower for longer periods, you're setting yourself up to be able to run faster."

Wright typically runs on a treadmill for 45 minutes at about 60% of her maximum heart rate, and twice a week, she ends with some speed training. She sprints as fast as she can for 30 seconds four times.

"When you sprint like that and you really push yourself, no matter what age you are, you kind of feel like a badass," she said.

Jumping practice

To maintain bone density, everyone needs a jumping practice, Wright said, particularly if you sit at a desk all day. This can be jumping off a box, jumping rope, or even running up the stairs hard, she said.

She does box jumps between lifts twice a week and gets up from her desk and jumps up and down 20 times during the day. "My patients are used to seeing me jump around," she said.

In a 2009 study published in the journal Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Wright and her colleagues measured the bone density of 560 senior athletes with an average age of 65.9. They found that those who did high-impact sports, such as volleyball, basketball, and running, had the highest bone density.

When a person has low bone density their risk of breaks and fractures, as well as osteoporosis, increases.