• Hotmail is a Microsoft-owned email platform that surged to popularity over two decades ago.
• Microsoft ultimately folded Hotmail into its broader software suite known as Microsoft Outlook.
• You can still create a Hotmail.com email address, but through Outlook.

A generation ago, AOL, Ask Jeeves, GeoCities, and Hotmail were all the rage. Surprisingly, of those 1990s vintage platforms, only AOL still exists in anything like its original form. Ask Jeeves is now Ask.com, and GeoCities is simply gone.

As for Hotmail, it's still around, but not in the same form as you remember it. Hotmail is now part of Microsoft Outlook, an email, calendar, contact, and scheduling software suite favored by many businesses. And while you can still get and use a Hotmail email address, don't bother trying to do so at Hotmail.com — you'll just be redirected to Outlook, which was once part of Microsoft Office, now known as Microsoft 365.

When was Hotmail launched and what were its early days like?

Hotmail was first launched in the summer of 1996, and it was bought by Microsoft the following year, as the company coasted on the success of its massively popular Windows operating system. Microsoft ultimately rebranded Hotmail as MSN Hotmail, though that name was rarely used by the public.

Despite being one of the most popular email platforms of the late 1990s and early 2000s, Hotmail was also plagued by problems.

In 1999, for example, it came out that any account could be logged into using the word "eh" as the password, prompting a hurried security fix. And then, two years later, hackers found an easy way to extract email from another user's account by creating a URL that included that account's email address.

Still, Hotmail remained popular throughout the first decade of the 21st century, though in the 2010s, Microsoft would merge Hotmail into its new program, Microsoft Outlook.

What happened to Hotmail?

In 2013, Microsoft rolled Hotmail into Outlook and sunset the original email service. But despite being officially discontinued, Hotmail did not in fact go away. You can still use your Hotmail email address and in fact you can log into Outlook with it. You can also log into Outlook with a Live or MSN email address, or of course with an Outlook email.

As of now, Outlook seems like it will not be going anywhere any time soon, so don't worry about yet another change coming. While not as venerable as, say, Microsoft Word, it is a core platform of the company.

Can you still get a Hotmail address?

Yes, you can still get a Hotmail email address, but you will have to access it through the Outlook platform. When signing up, you can choose a Hotmail.com address as your email domain.

How can I access my old Hotmail account?

To recover an old Hotmail account, go to Microsoft's account recovery page, then follow the prompts on screen, which will have you enter an old email account to be recovered as well as a current account to which to send the information.

Keep in mind that if your Hotmail account was totally inactive for more than two years it may have been permanently deleted.

• Microsoft is a software company known for products like Windows, Microsoft 365, and Xbox.
• Microsoft is one of the largest software companies in the world by market cap.
• Microsoft was co-founded by Bill Gates, and the company is now led by CEO Satya Nadella.

Microsoft is one of the world's largest software companies, with annual revenues nearing $250 billion in recent years. Among its many products and platforms are the programs Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, used by private citizens and corporations all over the world, and the Windows operating system, the most widely-used computer OS by a vast margin.

The company was founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, with the latter leaving Microsoft in 1983 following a diagnosis of Hodgkin disease. Gates would stay on as CEO of the company until 2000, when he voluntarily stepped down, largely to focus on his charitable work with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Gates was replaced by Steve Ballmer as the new Microsoft CEO, serving until he was in turn replaced by Satya Nadella in 2014. Under Nadella's guidance, the company has grown ever more profitable, though there have also been many massive layoffs across Microsoft.

Here's a look in greater detail at Microsoft's history, its many products and services, its financial successes and stumbles, and the foundation its profits helped create.

Microsoft's history

William Henry Gates III, better known as Bill Gates, had a preternatural talent with software, writing his first programs while a young teenager growing up in Seattle, Washington. By the time he graduated high school and went off to Harvard, Gates had already formed a business partnership with his friend and Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen.

This was a data analysis venture called Traf-O-Data that employed computers in parsing through information collected by roadway traffic counters. Traf-O-Data was not a business success, but it was the precursor to the Microsoft Corporation, which Allen and Gates founded in the spring of 1975.

Initially based in Albuquerque, as Gates and Allen had been working for the New Mexico-based company Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems, the Microsoft headquarters moved to Bellevue, Washington, in early 1979, seeing its founders return to a location near their childhood turf.

The following year, 1980, was a pivotal one for Microsoft because the technology giant IBM awarded the company a contract that saw a Microsoft operating system used in the vaunted IBM Personal Computer, or PC. This was MS-DOS, the premier OS for several years, supplanted only by Windows, released in 1985, and one of the first graphic interface operating systems the world had ever seen.

Windows would become the dominant computer operating system over the next few decades, during which Microsoft also released software that would become wildly successful, such as the aforementioned Word and Excel, as well as PowerPoint.

Microsoft also developed its an email platform, known as Outlook, and even created a search engine named Bing, and so much more.

Microsoft's software

Microsoft released Microsoft Office — today rebranded as Microsoft 365 — in 1990, and soon the word processing and spreadsheet software therein included (namely Word and Excel) would become all but essential for office employees, students, writers, accountants, and myriad other people around the world.

But Microsoft hardly stopped with these more basic programs. The company would also develop OneDrive, a cloud data storage platform, Microsoft Azure, an advanced cloud computing service that lets you use powerful computers remotely, and Microsoft Copilot, the company's foray into the new and rapidly expanding world of artificial intelligence.

Many companies rely on Microsoft software, such as Teams, which helps people communicate, stay on schedule, and share files and documents, while many individuals rely on the advanced web browser Microsoft Edge to enhance the efficacy of their online searches.

Microsoft's software is so commonly used, and expertise in its programs have become so valuable, that the company even offers Microsoft certifications for IT specialists and developers who work with platforms like Microsoft 365 and Azure.

Beyond work and productivity software, services, and platforms, there is another arena in which Microsoft plays an outsized role: gaming.

Microsoft in the gaming world

Microsoft has been in the video game world since 1979, when "Microsoft Adventure" was released. It was a text-based problem-solving game with a feel not unlike a "Dungeons & Dragons" session.

Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, the company would churn out many video games, but few were mainstream successes save for the many versions of "Microsoft Flight Simulator," which was first released in 1982.

It wasn't until Microsoft got into the console gaming world that true gaming success arrived. Designed to compete with Sony's successful PlayStation video game console, the Xbox was first released in 2001 and would become one of the most popular gaming platforms on the planet.

Now in its fourth generation of console, the Xbox's most popular games include the franchises "Call of Duty," "Grand Theft Auto," and "Fortnite," to name but a few.

Microsoft has added to its success and reach in the gaming world beyond its own original creations as well; it has also acquired heavy hitters in the space. For example, in September of the year 2014, Microsoft bought Mojang, maker of the popular gaming property "Minecraft," for $2.5 billion.

And then, in October 2023, the software juggernaut bought the gaming giant Activision Blizzard for the staggering sum of $68.7 billion. These were not Microsoft's only acquisitions, of course.

Microsoft acquisitions over the years

While Microsoft had acquired many other brands, products, and companies before the year 1997, that year marked its first major and highly visible move of the kind when Microsoft bought the popular email platform Hotmail for a $500 million, which is nearly a billion dollars today.

Hotmail was eventually rolled into Microsoft Outlook, though you can still get and use a Hotmail email address today.

In 2011, Microsoft made another powerful move when it acquired the video chat platform Skype, this time in a multibillion-dollar move.

In 2016, the software company laid out a hefty $26.2 billion to buy LinkedIn, the widely used professional networking and social media platform.

And in 2018, Microsoft acquired GitHub, a code developing platform, for the tidy sum of $7.5 billion. All of these acquisitions involve huge numbers, of course, as does the wealth of Microsoft's founder and the endowment of the charitable organization he established with his then-wife, Melinda Gates.

Bill Gates and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation by the numbers

At last check, Bill Gates' net worth was around $106 billion, making him, the former richest person in the world, not even in the top 10 richest list. He ranked 14^th richest, per Forbes, as of late 2024.

Gates has given tens of millions of dollars away, largely to his own nonprofit organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which is focused on issues ranging from endemic diseases in developing nations to safe water supply issues and combatting hunger.

Married for 27 years prior to a divorce in the summer of 2021, Bill and Melinda Gates sat together on the board of their eponymous foundation for many years and even for three years following the marital split, though Melinda Gates finally departed the foundation in June 2024.

The foundation, which has offices in multiple countries across four continents, employs more than 2,000 people and has an endowment of more than $75 billion. According to data sourced from the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation itself, in recent years it has offered charitable support between $7 and $8 billion, and the foundation had issued more than $77 billion in grant payments since its inception through the year 2023.

That's all an impressive amount of money, to be sure, and given for noble causes, but it pales in comparison to the profits of the Microsoft Corporation, profits that are often maintained thanks to harsh rounds of employee layoffs.

Microsoft finances, revenues, careers, and layoffs

Microsoft went public with its IPO in 1986 at a price of $21 per share. In the decades since, Microsoft stock pricing has swelled exponentially, and the company's total market cap — which is the entire value of a company's outstanding shares — reached an astonishing $3 trillion dollars by late 2024.

For a bit of perspective, that is larger than the annual gross domestic product of almost every nation on earth — were Microsoft's market cap placed on the scale with GDP, it would rank between France and Germany.

For the 12-month period ending in June 2024, Microsoft earnings were around $245 billion — in a one-year period, to be clear, the company generated nearly a quarter of a trillion dollars. It's no wonder, then, that Microsoft careers are highly sought after.

But jobs, though often lucrative, are also often tenuous. Microsoft's layoffs are often notorious for their size. For example, in the early fall of 2024, the company cut 650 workers from its gaming division only a few months after slashing 1,900 employees from its Activision Blizzard and Xbox departments.

In 2023, the company cut a huge swath of its labor force, dropping 10,000 workers. This was not the biggest layoff, though: between 2014 and 2015, the company axed nearly 20,000 employees. This was following the problematic acquisition of the telecom company Nokia, which also saw the exit of then-CEO Steve Ballmer.

• Microsoft Teams is a live meeting platform and virtual collaboration space.
• Microsoft first launched teams as a direct competitor to Slack.
• Here's what to know about Microsoft Teams and how to use various features.

If you need to set up a remote meeting wherein you can conduct video calls, swap notes, share files, align calendars, and much more, the Microsoft Teams just might be the right platform to use. A part of the Microsoft 365 subscription service that includes programs like Word, Excel, Outlook, and more, Teams easily integrates with much of the software and many apps you are likely already using.

Teams was first created because Bill Gates was against buying Slack, the workflow management platform. In 2016, Microsoft almost made an $8 billion bid for Slack, but the company's founder and former CEO was opposed to the move.

Satya Nadella, Microsoft's CEO, agreed with Gates, and the offer was never made. Instead, Microsoft would develop Teams as a competitor to Slack, releasing it the next year.

Let's take a closer look at Microsoft Teams and what it allows its users to do.

What is Microsoft Teams?

Microsoft Teams is a collaboration app that allows users to communicate and work together in real time. It's designed to help users stay organized and connected, and can be used for a variety of purposes, including meetings, during which people can use features like PowerPoint Live, Microsoft Whiteboard, and AI-generated meeting notes.

Teams can also be used as a phone call platform. Users can make group calls, send voicemails, and transfer calls to others.

It's also a chat platform, letting users message individuals or groups, and access features like emojis and suggested replies.

Teams users can share files and share apps, and can use the program to help align and manage their calendars and schedules.

Is Microsoft Teams still free?

There is a free version of Microsoft Teams that offers many of the same functions as the paid version, albeit in scaled down form. Called "Teams for personal life," the free version limits video calls to 60 minutes, but it allows chat, file sharing, and up to five gigabytes of cloud file storage. The free version limits participants in a single session to 100 users.

How to join a Teams meeting — even without an account

You don't need to install Microsoft Teams join a meeting. You can join a meeting using your browser, or you can download the Windows app. On your computer, you need to use Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome as your browser to join a Teams meeting.

You can also join a Team's meeting even if you don't have a Microsoft Teams account, and that's true on a smartphone or tablet or on a computer.

To join without an account, first find the meeting invite in your email or on your calendar, then select "Join Microsoft Teams Meeting." On a computer, choose "Join on the web," whereas on a mobile device, you will be prompted to download the Team app. Enter your name, allow the device to use your camera and microphone, then hit "Join now."

The meeting organizer will then be notified that you've joined, and someone in the meeting can admit you.

Which is better: Teams, Zoom, or Google Meet?

Each better serves different users and use cases, so it's not a matter of which platform is better, but rather which is better for a given situation. Google Meet is a stripped-down and easy-to-use platform ideal for more casual meetings, as among friends or small groups of coworkers. Zoom allows for a high number of participants, so it's good for major presentations or remote conferences.

And Microsoft Teams offers a robust suite of features, as discussed here, making it ideal for ongoing use by groups that need to regularly collaborate in productive ways.

• Microsoft Word is Microsoft's legacy word-processing software.
• You can access Microsoft Word for free online, or their are paid versions you can download.
• Microsoft Word has a number of handy features and functions to customize your documents.

Microsoft Word came out during Ronald Reagan's first term in the Oval Office, and in the decades that have passed between then and now, it has become one of Microsoft's most important and successful pieces of software and one of the most-used programs on the planet.

A core program in the Microsoft 365 software suite, along with Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook, Word is used in homes, schools, offices, government agencies, and beyond. But while Word used to be included with Microsoft Windows, today you have to acquire it separately.

How much does Word cost?

If you want to buy Microsoft Word on its own, you can do so from Microsoft's website. The purchase price is $159.99 and you will own the program outright.

But many people opt for a Microsoft 365 subscription, instead. This costs just $6.99 per month and gives you access to Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and OneDrive. That pricing comes out to $83.88 for the entire year, meaning you will be nearing the two-year mark before you pass the $159.99 price of outright buying Word on its own.

There is a way to get Word for free, but only for use online. It will not be downloaded on your computer. Go to Microsoft365.com and click on the words "Sign up for the free version of Microsoft 365."

You will be prompted to create a Microsoft account which you can then use to log in and access Word online for free. You must be connected to the internet and online to use Word for free.

How do I download Word?

Whether you choose to buy Word on its own or subscribe to Microsoft 365, you can do so at Microsoft's website. Just make sure you get the right plan if you are going with a subscription. There are Home plans and Business plans, as you'll see.

What are the best Word shortcuts and features?

There are the basics that are all but universal across Windows products and platforms, like Ctrl + C to copy and Ctrl + V to paste, Ctrl + S to save, and Ctrl + K to insert a link, but Microsoft Word has many lesser-known but highly useful shortcuts beyond the basics.

Hotkeys

Ctrl + A, for example, selects all of the text in a document, while Ctrl + Z undoes the last action. But moving beyond those simple shortcuts, there are more complicated quick actions you can take in Word.

Insert custom text

You can insert custom text, such as a greeting or a signature line, by creating text then using the Insert feature. Click "Insert" in the top taskbar, click "AutoText," and then enter your desired copy into the window that appears. Going forward, you can click "Insert" then "AutoText" to quickly drop in your pre-written words.

Watermarks

To add a watermark that helps protect your document from being copied, you can click on the "Design" tab at the top of Word, then click "Watermark" on the top right of the application. Then choose an image or add text that will be faintly imprinted behind your copy.

There are many more fun and useful Word features, of course, so explore more yourself.

Microsoft Word vs. Pages vs. Google Docs

These other common word-processing programs have plenty to offer, though if your primary focus is creating and editing crisp, professional written documents, Word is likely the best bet.

Google Docs offers the same basic word processing features as Word, but it has fewer templates, text editing tools, tables, and other enhancements useful for complex documents. That said, Google Docs is far better for collaborative work, especially when a team is remote, and it's free.

Pages is Apple's primary word processing platform and it is free with a Mac, iPad, or iPhone, and it's easier to use than Word, especially for people who are not highly tech savvy. But it's also more limited in features, and the documents created in Pages don't transfer well to other operating systems or platforms, so they usually need to be converted to Word docs anyway if they will be shared.

• Microsoft Outlook is an email platform with productivity features like calendar and file-sharing.
• Microsoft discontinued its old email platforms, MSN and Hotmail, and folded them into Outlook.
• Outlook is free for personal accounts, but paid subscriptions offer greater storage and security.

In case you hadn't noticed, Microsoft has a released a lot of software over the past five decades. From its groundbreaking Windows operating system to its search engine Bing to stalwart programs like Word and Excel, now a part of the subscription-based Microsoft 365 suite, the company is a juggernaut of the software industry.

And when a company has released a plethora of programs, it's no surprise that the company has cancelled, merged, or rebranded many programs, too.

What is Microsoft Outlook?

Microsoft Outlook is, first and foremost, an email platform, but it goes well beyond just sending and receiving electronic mail. It also features a calendar, an easy way to store and manage contact information, file sharing of data saved in the cloud, and schedule and task tracking.

Microsoft Outlook is free to use for personal email and calendars, but there are some limitations. For example, a free Outlook account can only store up to 15 GB of mail, and that cap can be surprisingly easy to reach. Also, advanced security features are only available with a paid subscription.

Using Outlook is a great way to streamline your work and home life, keeping yourself up-to-date and aware of appointments, assignments, travel, deadlines, and more. You can set it up such that flight or hotel reservations are automatically added to your calendar, so that it will remind you of scheduled events, and you can set it to flag important messages for you — and to screen out the unimportant, too.

What happened to Hotmail and MSN?

Both Hotmail and MSN, also known as MSN Messenger, have been discontinued for a number of years, folded into other products. Chat messaging platform MSN was first released in 1999 and was rebranded as Windows Live Messenger in 2005.

Though it was used by hundreds of millions of people each month, following the acquisition of Skype in 2011, Microsoft found its own messaging platform redundant. The company shut the messenger service once known as MSN down for good in 2013. MSN email addresses still work, but they are managed via Outlook

Interestingly enough, the year 2013 also tolled the death knell for Hotmail. The mail platform was founded in 1996 and acquired by Microsoft the following year, and would enjoy nearly 17-year run until it was folded into Microsoft Outlook. You can still get an email address using @hotmail.com, but you'll need to sign up for it via Microsoft Outlook.

Is Microsoft discontinuing Outlook?

There are no plans for Microsoft to discontinue its Outlook platform. In fact, the company announced that as of the end of 2024, its Mail and Calendar applications would no longer be supported and that their functions would be rolled into Outlook, so Microsoft is putting even more of the proverbial eggs in the Outlook basket.

Outlook vs. Gmail

From contact management to calendar services to, of course, email, Microsoft Outlook and the Google Workspace, which includes Gmail, Google Meet, Google Drive, and Google Docs, have a lot of crossovers.

Google's professional suite is great for collaborative teams, offering more storage space and easy ways to connect, work on shared documents, and to swap files. Alternatively, people wanting advanced email features and numerous optional automations might prefer Outlook.

Both are superb workflow suites; it's truly a personal call.

• Bill Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft and one of the wealthiest men in the world.
• Gates was a software genius who dropped out of Harvard to launch a wildly successful career in tech.
• He now spends much of his time on philanthropy through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Bill Gates is perhaps best known as one of the wealthiest people in the world, becoming the first-ever centibillionaire in 1999 at the height of his Microsoft career.

But wealth is hardly all that defines this complex, accomplished, and immensely influential man, whose other titles rightly include philanthropist, entrepreneur, software developer, father, and occasional lightning rod for controversy.

Understanding Bill Gates as a whole requires looking at the varied aspects of his life more closely, and then stitching together a portrait of the legendary Microsoft CEO, co-founder of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and generally peerless man whose efforts have shaped much of the latter decades of the 20^th century and the early decades of the 21^st.

Gates' childhood and early years

Gates, 69, was born in the autumn of 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He was the only son in the family, with a sister named Kristianne who is one year older, and another sister, Libby, who is nine years younger.

Gates' childhood fostered his love of technology. He largely eschewed sports and more typical childhood activities, instead taking an early interest in technology. He wrote his first lines of code while still a young teen; it was a software program that allowed a human to face off against a computer playing tic-tac-toe.

By the time Bill Gates was in high school at Lakeside Prep School, he was writing code for the school itself and was soon working with the Computer Center Corporation, a local business in Seattle that offered users time on their computers, personal computers still being a thing of the future. (Gates was briefly banned from the CCC for sneaking in lines of code that granted him extended free time using the machines.)

Bill Gates would go on to matriculate at Harvard University in the fall of 1973, but he would not finish his college degree.

The foundation and growth of Microsoft

In January of 1975, Gates and fellow software genius and childhood friend Paul Allen moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to work for the company Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems, Inc. (MITS), a company that was just beginning to create PCs (personal computers). Gates managed to convince the executives he and Allen could create software for their new hardware.

That role did not last long. Later that same year, Gates and Allen founded their own company, named for "microcomputer" and "software," known today as Microsoft.

Microsoft relocated to Bellevue, Washington, in 1979, and in 1980, the company made a deal with tech juggernaut IBM to develop an operating system for the company's first consumer-ready PC. The MS-DOS 1.0 OS was released in the summer of the following year.

Then, just four years later, in 1985, Microsoft released the first version of its now vaunted Windows OS. New versions of Windows would come out every few years from that point on, and it has grown so dominant that nearly three-quarters of the world's computers run Windows.

Allen departed from Microsoft for medical reasons in 1983 (though he would live another quarter of a century), while Gates would remain the CEO until the summer of 2008, when he voluntarily stepped down from the leading role of the company he had grown into a company that would enjoy revenues of more than $60 billion that same year.

Gates' post-Microsoft career and philanthropy

When Gates stepped down as CEO of Microsoft, he stepped up as the co-founder of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the charitable organization he and his then wife Melinda Gates had founded in the year 2000. (The foundation was a revamp of the organization Gates had established in 1994 under the name the William H. Gates Foundation.)

The BMFG is a nonprofit with global reach that happens to make a tidy profit, thanks in no small part to its massive holdings of Microsoft stock. The foundation has offices around the world and is, in words from its own site: "Guided by the belief that every life has equal value, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives."

The BMGF funds research into the fight against malnutrition, malaria, gender inequality, to name a few, and in support of causes such as agricultural development, clean water programs, and much more.

The foundation has an endowment of more than $75 billion and planned to spend a staggering $8.6 billion on philanthropic work in the year 2024. Bill Gates has donated an estimated $36 billion-plus of his own fortune to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Gates' relationships and friendships

Bill Gates married Melinda French Gates, whose maiden name was Melinda Ann French, on New Year's Day in 1994 on the Hawaiian island of Lanai. The couple met at work, Melinda being a Microsoft employee, though she departed the company in 1996 to focus on family and, soon, on charitable work.

The Gates have three children together and would remain married until their divorce on August 2, 2021, after a span of 27 years. The reasons for the divorce were several, one reportedly being that Gates spent one weekend each year vacationing with (and possibly physically involved with, though this was always denied) an ex-girlfriend, Ann Winblad. This was an arrangement Melinda Gates tacitly approved, though with displeasure.

The largest issue, and indeed the thing that finally compelled Melinda French Gates to end the union, was Bill Gates' regular association with Jeffrey Epstein the financier, convicted sex offender, and accused trafficker who died by suicide in his New York City jail cell in 2019.

Gates is currently in a relationship with Paula Hurd, who was born in 1962 and is seven years his junior. Hurd, formerly married to the late Co-CEO of Oracle Corporation Mark Hurd, has two adult daughters and works primarily coordinating and planning large-scale philanthropic events.

Gates and Hurd had been known to be in a relationship since early 2023, but were not to appear together at a major public event until April of the following year, when they accompanied one another to a major red carpet event.

Melinda French Gates, for her part, was reportedly briefly in a relationship with a Fox News correspondent named Jon Du Pre, but the pair are no longer together.

Another contentious relationship — one that likewise soured after many years — is Gates' friendship with billionaire Warren Buffett. The two men were on close terms for decades, with their relationship going beyond mere affinity. Gates joined the board of Buffett's investment firm, Berkshire Hathaway, in 2004 and would remain on it until 2020.

Buffett, for his party, was a trustee on the board of the BMGF from 2006 until 2021. He stepped away and also went cold on Gates for reasons rather in line with his divorce: Buffett was deeply troubled by the association of Gates with Epstein. He had also come to dislike the growing bureaucracy of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and was off-put by how rude Gates could often be to others.

There are also some wild conspiracy theories about Bill Gates, such as that he was behind a scheme to place microchips into COVID-19 vaccines, that Gates wanted to do away with the American cattle industry and instead compel people to eat insects, and that a fund backed by Gates that was developing a new way to produce baby formula has led to a nationwide baby formula shortage.

There is, of course, no evidence to support any of these plots and plenty of common sense to debunk them, but these wild theories and others abound nonetheless

Bill Gates' net worth and land

Bill Gates' net worth can change by the millions in any given day as markets rise and fall, but it is usually near $160 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. That places him in the bottom half of the top 10 richest people in the world. As noted, he achieved the top title in 1995 and maintained it most years up until 2017.

Gates has less wealth today largely because he has given so much of it away in the name of philanthropy.

Today, Bill Gates' primary property is a 66,000 square foot mansion in Medina, Washington, which is just east of Seattle, across Lake Washington. Construction took seven years and involved a team of 300 workers. There are six kitchens and 24 bathrooms.

Gates also owns vast swathes of farmland, totaling approximately 275,000 acres. For comparison, all five boroughs of New York City cover just 193,700 acres. During a Reddit Q&A session (called an "AMA" for "ask me anything"), Gates explained the massive holdings, saying: "I own less than 1/4000 of the farmland in the US. I have invested in these farms to make them more productive and create more jobs. There isn't some grand scheme involved - in fact all these decisions are made by a professional investment team."

Gates' lifestyle, hobbies, and beliefs

Gates, who has a 2,500-square-foot gym in his mansion, is a firm believer in the benefits of exercise. He reportedly works out for at least an hour every day, whether running, swimming, playing tennis, or doing strength training. He is also reportedly a fan of pickleball.

While he grew up attending a Protestant Reformed church, Gates seemed drawn to the Catholic church in the 2010s, largely because of Melinda. These days, he seems to skew agnostic, with religion not playing much of a role in his life.

Books, however, play a huge role. Gates has claimed he reads up to 50 books a year. And he also collects rare books, such as a manuscript created by Leonardo da Vinci for which he paid well over $30 million.

Like many other billionaires and tech moguls, Gates collects cars, and has a 23-car garage at his Washington home. His collection is filled with high-end sports cars and luxury vehicles alike. And, apparently, a blue Ford Focus.

• Skype is a free video-calling platform that Microsoft acquired for $8.5 billion over a decade ago.
• Skype was once the go-to video-calling app and telecommunications industry disruptor.
• But now, Skype has faded out of popular usage in favor of platforms like Zoom and Microsoft Teams.

Skype, a telecommunications platform currently owned by Microsoft, became ubiquitous in the early 2000s, at one point accounting for up to 40% of all international calls.

While Skype has since lost some of its audience to Microsoft Teams — particularly in the business context — and a significant portion of its market share to Zoom, it still maintained an average of 40 million daily users as of 2020.

Founded in 2003 by Swedish entrepreneur Niklas Zennström and Danish entrepreneur Janus Friis, Skype held its first public trial in August of that year. By 2005, the company was acquired by eBay for $2.5 billion. In 2009, a portion of Skype was resold to Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board for $1.9 billion, giving the company a market valuation of $2.75 billion.

Microsoft acquired Skype in 2011 for $8.5 billion, making it a division of Microsoft with its former CEO Tony Bates reporting to then-Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer.

Following the acquisition, Microsoft integrated Skype into its product lineup, discontinuing Windows Messenger in favor of the Skype client, which became the default messaging service in Windows 8.1. By 2013, Skype was available across multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, iPadOS, iOS, Android, and BlackBerry.

Skype was once a telecommunications industry disruptor

By offering free voice and video calls between Skype users globally, it effectively undercut traditional telecommunications providers that charged hefty fees for international calls. This disruptive technology approach that Skype took paid dividends in terms of the platform's immense popularity, especially in regions where long-distance calling was prohibitively expensive.

Instead of paying telecommunications companies long-distance rates, the only fee you'd incur would be the internet data that Skype used for your audio or video call. Skype also offered low rates for calls to landlines and cellphones.

Through its North American subscription plan, you could get 2,000 minutes of calling for $5.94/month – or the equivalent of about 0.297 cents per minute; if you go over 2,000 minutes, the rate goes to $0.35/minute. For US only calls, a 2,000 minute plan costs just $2.54 with extra time costing only $0.15/minute.

Skype's advantages and disadvantages

Despite no longer being the industry leader in terms of market share, Skype is still a capable free solution for video and audio calls.

Unlike the free version of Zoom, Skype doesn't have a 30 minute time limit. Additionally, in 2023 Microsoft integrated Bing AI with Skype, allowing users to converse with it in a private chat or mention it in group chats and ask it questions; you can even ask it to help plan vacation destinations or generate jokes.

However, Microsoft has clearly prioritized other tech like Microsoft Teams at the expense of Skype over the years.

In 2015, Skype for Business replaced Lync as Microsoft's business communication solution. In 2017, Microsoft announced plans to replace Skype for Business with Microsoft Teams, with its official retirement occurring in July 2021.

Where Zoom and Teams pull away from Skype is less in the one-on-one context and more in business centric contexts where you might have more than 50 people – the maximum size Skype supports – on a single call. Skype also does not have breakout room functionality like what you see with Zoom.

How to use Skype

Once you've downloaded Skype to your computer or mobile device, you can make a new Skype call through desktop or mobile by opening the Skype app and clicking New call or Start a call.

You can add contacts to Skype or invite people to join Skype by navigating to the Contacts tab and clicking New Contact and searching for the person via their Skype name, phone number, email, or full name.

How to delete your Skype account

If you, too, are gravitating towards platforms like Zoom or Teams rather than Skype, you might be wondering how to delete your Skype account.

Since your Skype account is tied into your Microsoft account, it is not possible to close your Skype account without closing your entire Microsoft account. If you want to proceed, you can close your Microsoft account by visiting the Microsoft account closure page, signing in, and selecting either 30 or 60 days from the dropdown, clicking Next, and following Microsoft's prompts.

How to change your Skype name

Your Skype name itself cannot be changed, however, you change your account's display name.

Start by clicking on your Skype profile picture, then select Skype profile and click the pencil icon to edit the display name and make your changes.

• Microsoft 365 is a cloud-based software suite with programs like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
• Microsoft 365 was formerly called Microsoft Office, and used to be a one-time purchase.
• Microsoft 365 has a variety of subscriptions with different costs, but there are also free versions.

If you have, at any time in the past few years, worked in an office, gone to school, or generally been alive, you have probably used myriad Microsoft 365 products. And the same is true, relatively speaking, even going back several decades.

That's because Microsoft 365 is a 2010 rebranding of Microsoft Office, the suite of software that included venerable programs like Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint, among others.

Whereas you used to access that software via the Windows operating system, today Microsoft 365 is a cloud-based service accessed remotely via a paid subscription.

What programs does Microsoft 365 feature?

Microsoft 365 goes well beyond the basic word processing, spreadsheet-making, and presentation designer software that has been around since the 20th century.

Along with the aforementioned programs, 365 also features OneDrive, a cloud storage service for keeping files secure, Teams, which is a collaboration software that allows for video meetings, live chat, file sharing, and more, Skype, the video call platform, and Outlook, which is Microsoft's email service.

How much does Microsoft 365 cost?

There are different plans at different rates. You can pay $9.99 per month for a Microsoft 365 family plan which allows up to six users to share one account, with that price adding up to $119.88. Or, you can pay $99.99 one time to save on a year-long subscription.

A one-person Microsoft 365 Personal plan costs $6.99 per month, which is $83.88, or you can pay once and get a year for $69.99.

Can you get Microsoft 365 for free?

Microsoft 365 is available for free in a few ways, though most have some limitations. There is a free version of Microsoft 365 that can be used in a web browser. Users must sign up for a Microsoft account with an existing or new email address to access Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and so forth.

You can also get a free download of the Microsoft 365 Access Runtime files, but this is available only in downgraded 32-bit and 64-bit versions.

Students and teachers can get Microsoft Office 365 Education for free with a valid school email address, and all users can sign up for a one-month free trial of a Microsoft 365 subscription. Just make sure to cancel ahead of the next billing cycle.

How to cancel Microsoft 365?

Canceling Microsoft 365 takes just a few steps:

1. Sign in to the Microsoft account you used to purchase Microsoft 365, select Services & subscriptions from the dashboard, and click Manage to cancel or modify the Microsoft 365 subscription.

2. Select Cancel subscription (it might say Upgrade or Cancel).
3. Review the additional information on the page, and at the bottom select I don't want my subscription, then confirm the cancellation.

What's the difference between Microsoft 365 and Office Suite?

The real differences are the pay model and the way you access the software. The classic Office Suite was a one-time purchase that gave you programs (Word and Excel, e.g.) that you could use offline any time you wanted.

Microsoft 365 is a subscription-based service that you primarily use online (you can use 365 programs offline, but the saving may not be reliable) and that you will pay for each month or once a year.

• Copilot is Microsoft's generative AI tool now featured in much of its productivity programs.
• Copilot can draft text, analyze information and data, and suggest ideas.
• Copilot has also been plagued with security issues, and customers have criticized its effectiveness.

The entire tech industry is mired in an AI arms race, and Microsoft bet big on Copilot, its generative artificial intelligence chatbot.

Microsoft released Copilot in 2023, and rapidly rolled it out across various products and softwares. The company markets Copilot as a tool to help users with productivity tasks such as drafting a memo for work, adding to or amending hectic calendars, analyzing a spreadsheet or a few lines of code, or even writing a poem or short story.

By combing the vastness of the internet in fractions of a second to source troves of information and then engaging in machine learning and informed prediction, Copilot can create content; it can analyze, interpret, and explain extant data; and it can create systems for planning and managing many aspects of your life, from work to recreation to hobbies and more.

"We believe Copilot will be the new UI that helps you gain access to the world's knowledge and your organization's knowledge, but most importantly, it will be your agent that helps you act on that knowledge," Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said during a keynote address at Microsoft's annual Microsoft Ignite business conference in November 2023.

Not long after Copilot's launch, industry experts predicted that for the fiscal year 2024, Copilot would generate billions for the company. However, the AI tool is not without its flaws. Customers and company insiders have criticized Copilot for its ineffectiveness and cost, and IT leaders have questioned its value to their companies; the widespread disappointment in Copilot has raised doubts over its long-term profitability.

What is Microsoft Copilot AI?

Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered chatbot that relies on large language models (often shorted to LLMs) to help users with productivity and content creation tasks. The more you use it, the more it learns about your interests, preferences, and habits, and the better it tailors itself to serving your needs. It's available for use on Windows, Macs, and both the Apple iOS, and Android mobile platforms.

You can use Microsoft Copilot in many programs that you likely already use, including Microsoft Teams, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, OneNote, Outlook, and more. It can assist you in rapidly creating and editing documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and more, acting both as your content creator and an editor and sort of AI coworker.

The basic version of Microsoft Copilot is free to use on the web, in Windows, with a Mac OS, and with Android and iOS. The free version includes access to GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo, and GPT-4o during non-peak times. It also allows users to create and edit AI images, use plugins, and more.

However, there is also a paid version of Copilot called Copilot Pro, which offers more advanced features and better access. Copilot Pro includes all the features of the free version, plus priority model access and the ability to use Copilot in Microsoft apps like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and OneNote.

To use Copilot Pro, you need a Microsoft 365 Personal or Family subscription, which costs $6.99 per month for a personal subscription and $9.99 per month for a family subscription, good for up to six users. With Copilot Pro added, the total cost is around $26.99 per month.

Is Microsoft Copilot better than ChatGPT?

In some ways and for some uses, Copilot can be more effective than ChatGPT. Copilot is better for quick, tactical tasks that come about during your workflow, while ChatGPT is more commonly used for broader tasks and conversational AI, like for writing a creative story or rehearsing before a meeting or interview.

Copilot is part of the Microsoft ecosystem and can easily pull information from across Microsoft applications, which can be helpful, and it can also reply to questions with visual responses, such as photos and images. Also, unlike ChatGPT, which doesn't provide sources for its responses, Copilot does, making cross-referencing and fact-checking easier. That said, the paid version of ChatGPT is only $20 a month, so it's $7 cheaper than Copilot Pro.

What are the risks of using Microsoft Copilot?

Using Microsoft Copilot can pose several risks, including data leakage. Customers have already raised multiple security issues with Copilot, and in some cases delayed deployment over the concerns.

Copilot can generate outputs that include sensitive data, which may be shared with the wrong audience as the AI simply doesn't know better. For example, while you use Microsoft Teams, Copilot could summarize conversations and record action items against your better judgement, which could accidentally reveal private information.

There is also the all-too-common human problem of over-reliance. As Copilot and other AI tools become increasingly integrated into daily life, users may unknowingly rely on it more, which could impact investment and strategic decisions, how they write and express themselves, and frankly how much creative and critical thinking they do.

• Microsoft has approximately 228,000 employees worldwide.
• Microsoft is one of the most sought-after workplaces in the tech industry, so jobs are competitive.
• Here's what to know about the various jobs at Microsoft, skills you'll need, and the best salaries.

Since its 1975 founding, Microsoft has grown into one of the largest companies in the world, and its software has changed the way the world uses computers and other devices.

Currently, Microsoft employs roughly 228,000 people, globally.

A publicly traded company since early 1986, the multinational business has long been a darling of investors, and it has been a much sought-after workplace by people in the tech world.

Getting a job at Microsoft is much easier said than done, though.

Is Microsoft hard to get into?

Anyone hoping for employment at Microsoft should expect to compete against a flood of other highly qualified applicants at any given time. There are usually multiple rounds of interviews — as many as five in some cases, depending on the position — and different positions require different types of experience.

For technical roles, Microsoft's hiring process includes things like testing you on problem-solving skills and coding.

All jobs at Microsoft require at the minimum a college degree, usually in an applicable field, such as data science or mathematics, or demonstrable experience in a directly related position elsewhere. Some positions require several years of relevant experience, and others require more advanced degrees.

Experience at other large tech companies can be a huge bonus. One former Microsoft product manager who shared his resume with Business Insider said he believed his experience at Facebook, plus his entrepreneurial experience, gave him a competitive edge.

It is, in short, hard to get a job at Microsoft, but a rejection upon your first application is no reason not to try again. Many people are hired by the software giant only after applying multiple times, with their persistence and commitment seen as a positive sign by the company.

What types of jobs can you get at Microsoft?

Microsoft is a massive organization, being a software maker, and has a number of divisions that often have job postings, like the cloud-computing software Azure, the productivity suite Microsoft 365, or the legacy operating system Windows. The list of jobs one could potentially get at Microsoft is long and varied.

But Microsoft also owns a number of companies, and it may be worth expanding your job search to workplaces like GitHub, Skype, or LinkedIn.

At Microsoft or its companies, you could work in everything from data analytics to hardware engineering to digital sales to legal and corporate affairs. There are software designers, marketers, supply chain specialists, and so many more different roles needed to keep the company working.

On the software side, specifically, Microsoft often has openings for developers, software engineers, product managers, and more.

How to get a job in Microsoft?

If you have the requisite education and experience, and have done your research on the role and perfected your resume, you can start by applying online at the Microsoft Careers page.

Microsoft offers internships for those early career job-seekers lacking in experience, and, of course, it's always a good idea to network with anyone you know who works there before you apply. Note that Microsoft often implements hiring freezes, so don't try to join up during one.

Like any massive company, sometimes Microsoft has to restructure itself, and Microsoft layoffs can be massive, with thousands of employees dismissed at the same time. The post-pandemic period has been particularly brutal at Microsoft, with multiple rounds of job cuts throughout 2023 and 2024 in divisions like Azure, Xbox, and Activision Blizzard.

Know as you are going in that even if you do an excellent job in your role with Microsoft, your job may be cut in the future. The tech industry is in a period of flux, so it's always wise to have a Plan B.

What is the highest paying job at Microsoft?

The CEO of Microsoft makes nearly $50 million in total each year when you count the cash, stocks, and other compensation, and that makes being the boss the highest paid job at Microsoft.

Other very well-compensated jobs — compared to regular salaries, not the CEO's package — are Corporate Vice President, which has a salary around $650,000 plus stock compensation.

But even non-executive roles at Microsoft are widely known for their high salaries. For example, the role of Principal Software Engineer, typically pays about $215,000 plus stocks, and that of Senior Data Scientist, pays just under $200,000 annually.

Federal data from 2020 showed some of Microsoft's highest-paying jobs, including up to $240,000 for a research role, $220,000 for a program manager, and $204,000 for a hardware engineering role.

• Microsoft Excel is a widely used spreadsheet software that has been around for decades.
• To learn Excel, start slowly, play around with the basics, and seek out online tutorials.
• Excel is part of the Microsoft 365 suite of productivity software, that you can buy on subscription.

Excel, Microsoft's spreadsheet program with millions of diehard fans and millions of outspoken detractors, has been around since 1985. In its multiple decades of existence, Excel has undergone myriad updates and improvements and, in the hands of a skilled user, it's truly a remarkable piece of software.

But mastering the many formulas, layouts, and tools that come into play with the countless rows, columns, cells of an Excel file can be a daunting and frustrating process. We're here to tell you that it's worth it, and that Excel can actually be a rewarding and — dare we say it? — enjoyable program to use.

Just ask the data whizzes who participate each year in the Microsoft Excel World Championship. You read that correctly; Excel Esports is a live competition in which participants solve unusual game tasks using Microsoft Excel. It began in the fall of 2020, and it sees competitors advancing through rounds of challenges by scoring points for correctly solving challenges in limited periods of time.

Also called the Financial Modeling World Cup, problems presented during the Microsoft Excel World Championship go well beyond matters of finance and accounting and include challenges based on data analysis, formula creation, and much more.

But even if you don't see yourself competing on the world stage, Excel is a highly useful program for the average user. Here's what you need to know about using Excel:

How much does Microsoft Excel cost?

If you choose to buy just Microsoft Excel as opposed to the Microsoft 365 suite of software, which comes with Excel along with programs like Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Teams, the one-time purchase price is $159.99. You will pay just $6.99 per month for the full Microsoft 365 subscription, though, so that's usually the better route.

And if you're wondering why Excel is so expensive, it's largely because of all the security features built into the program. Note that you can get a one-month free trial of Microsoft Excel and all the other 365 programs, including Copilot, the company's AI-powered productivity tool.

What is the easiest way to learn Excel?

There is a lot to learn with Excel — more than most people will ever likely know. The key to mastering Excel is to start slowly, making sure you fully understand each function before moving on to more complicated aspects of the software.

Start by just playing around with the basics, such as changing the width and height of columns and rows, respectively, making text colored, bold, or in different fonts, and so on. When you have the basics down, turn to free online tutorials to help you learn more about Excel's more involved features, such as creating formulas.

You can use the tutorial service Udemy's online courses like "Useful Excel for Beginners" or "Excel Quick Start Tutorial: 36 Minutes to Learn the Basics," to name a few examples.

There are also scores of books you can buy (or get from the library) that are all about learning Microsoft Excel.

What formulas can you make in Microsoft Excel?

You can make hundreds and hundreds of different formulas in Excel, including those that run mathematical equations, that generate calendars or schedules, that calculate averages and values, that reshape the layout of a spreadsheet to make it look better, and so much more.

A few of the must-know Excel formulas include SUM, which is used to rapidly do addition with data entered into cells, COUNT, which, predictably, is used for counting numbers, and VLOOKUP, which can calculate the value in a table or other array. You can enter any formula by selecting an empty cell and typing the = sign in front of the formula (for example, =SUM or =VLOOKUP).

• Microsoft Azure is Microsoft's vaunted cloud computing platform.
• Azure offers a range of cloud-based solutions for the creation and management of applications.
• Most Azure products use a pay-as-you-go pricing model, but some products can also be used for free.

Microsoft Azure is Microsoft's cloud computing platform that offers a range of cloud-based computing, networking, and data storage services.

Microsoft Azure boasts "solutions that enable organizations to build, deploy, and manage applications and services through Microsoft's global network of data centers."

Crystal clear, right? Don't worry, we'll break it down for you, but first just to clarify, Azure is indeed a computing platform, not just a storage platform.

In short, Azure lets you do things that require much more processing power than your computer has because the computing is done far from your desk, couch, or that coffee shop table. Now for the longer view.

When was Microsoft Azure created?

The same company that brought you PowerPoint, Word, and more, launched Azure as Windows Azure back in 2010, rebranding it to Microsoft Azure in 2014. With the launch of the company's AI interface Copilot in 2023, using Azure became easier than ever, as the smart chat interface can help less tech-savvy users take advantage of Azure's many uses.

Azure is now used by a plethora of small and large businesses and organizations. Indeed, Azure has become such a valuable platform and suite of services that Microsoft offers certifications in dozens of different Azure features and softwares to help IT professionals, developers, and engineers learn the intricacies.

Azure has become a critical component of Microsoft's business model since its 2010 launch, with executives often boasting of Azure's revenues in earnings calls.

However, Azure has not been immune from the turbulence within the tech industry in the post-pandemic era. Large rounds of Microsoft layoffs tend to be a "when" and not an "if" sort of thing, so it was hardly a great shock when hundreds of Azure employees were laid off in early summer 2024.

The large round of job cuts specifically targeted workers in the Azure for Operators and Mission Engineering departments, and were part of a pattern of layoffs begun in 2023 and expanded in 2024.

Microsoft Azure Services

Azure allows you to use an already immense and ever-growing catalog of services; it would be way too heavy of a lift to cover them all here, so we will showcase a few of the things you can do via this cloud computing platform.

Azure AI Search: This service allows you to conduct advanced, tailored smart searches and build up a vectored database of relevant retrieved information.

Azure Open Datasets: Host and share curated datasets that are honed and refined through machine learning, growing more accurate over time.

Speaker Recognition: This service allows for the ever-improving recognition of speech and integrates spoken words into programming, documents, and more. It is multilingual, of course.

Azure AI Content Safety: Azure can automatically watch out for images, text, and video content that might be inappropriate — or simply irrelevant — and filter them out of your content.

How much does Microsoft Azure cost?

Most Azure products use a pay-as-you-go model rather than fixed rates for different products or a flat monthly fee. Your costs could be as low as pennies each month for basic cloud storage or the managed hosting of a simple website or well into the thousands of dollars for enterprise-level use of myriad AI-enabled products.

Many Azure products can also be used for free. New users can enjoy 25 services free for 12 months, while others remain free at all times to all people. These include API management, the Azure AI Bot Service, and the Azure AI Metrics Advisor, to name just a few.

Microsoft Azure vs. AWS and Google Cloud

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the heavy hitter in cloud computing and storage, arguably leading the way in networking, cloud storage, mobile development, and cybersecurity.

Google Cloud Platform GCP is big on data analysis and arguably allows the easiest user experience and more seamless interaction with products created by other brands.

Microsoft Azure, for its part, provides vastly scalable and efficient software products, and it's usually cheaper than Google Cloud or AWS.

• Microsoft acquired Activision Blizzard for $69 billion, making it the third-largest gaming company.
• Activision Blizzard had some 10,000 employees as of 2022, but Microsoft has enacted mass layoffs.
• Here's the history of the company behind iconic games like Call of Duty and World of Warcraft.

Activision Blizzard is one of the most well known publishers in the video game industry.

Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, the company is best recognized for its popular franchises, including Call of Duty, Diablo, Overwatch, World of Warcraft, and Candy Crush Saga.

Activision Blizzard made major international headlines following complaints about working conditions and its Microsoft's $69 billion acquisition in 2023. The all-cash deal saw shareholders of Activision receive a buyout of $95 per share. Following the purchase, Microsoft reported revenue from its Xbox division increased 61% by January 2024.

Here's everything to know about the creation of Activision Blizzard, its successes, and the many controversies that have dogged the company over the years.

The merger that created Activision Blizzard

Activision Blizzard was formed in 2008 through the merger of Activision and Vivdeni Games. The Activision name dates back to 1979 when the previous company became the first independent, third-party console video game developer. The "Blizzard" portion of the company's name comes from Vivendi Games' subsidiary, Blizzard Entertainment.

Following the merger, most of Vivendi Games' subsidiaries were shuttered, except for Blizzard Entertainment. Their games were either discontinued, published by other studios, or retrained and published by Activision Blizzard.

In 2010, the studio Bungie entered into a 10-year, $500 million publishing deal with Activision Blizzard with the main goal of turning the "Destiny" franchise into a major franchise. The deal ended a year early in 2019, and Bungie split from Activision Blizzard on what appeared to be amicable terms that allowed Bungie to retain the publishing rights for the "Destiny" franchise.

In 2022, the state of California filed a lawsuit against Activision Blizzard, alleging widespread harassment of female employees and a "pervasive frat boy" culture. More than 1,000 Activision Blizzard employees signed a petition calling for CEO Bobby Kotick to resign. Even PlayStation head Jim Ryan and Xbox head Phil Spencer criticized Activision when reports emerged that Kotick personally intervened to save the job of a senior staff member the company's human resources department wanted to fire over sexual harassment allegations.

The Microsoft acquisition

When Microsoft declared its intent to buy Activision Blizzard, it said Activision was key to providing the "building blocks for the metaverse." Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella later said in an investor conference call that the company sees the metaverse as "a collection of communities and individual identities anchored in strong content franchises accessible on every device."

In an effort to assuage regulator concerns, Microsoft and Sony struck a binding 10-year deal in the summer of 2023 to keep the Call of Duty franchise available on PlayStation consoles. Microsoft vice chair Brad Smith declared that the company "remains focused on ensuring that Call of Duty remains available on more platforms and for more consumers than ever before."

The lawsuit brought by the state of California was settled for $54 million in 2023, and the settlement found the sexual harassment claims unfounded and cleared Kotick of any wrongdoing. Initially, it was reported that following the closure of Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard, Kotick would stay on as CEO of the soon-to-be subsidiary. However, he ultimately ended up leaving the company upon the deal's completion.

Microsoft's acquisition faced legal challenges from the FTC and European regulators but was ultimately allowed to proceed, making Microsoft the third-largest video game company and bolstering the company's Xbox division, providing access to Activision Blizzard's extensive catalog of games and franchises.

As part of the deal, Activision's estimated 10,000 employees joined Microsoft under its Xbox division. Microsoft's purchase of Activision Blizzard is its third purchase of a video game developer, following its previous acquisitions of Mojang, the maker of Minecraft, in 2014 for $2.5 billion, and ZeniMax Media, the parent company of Bethesda Softworks, in 2021 for $7.5 billion.

Layoffs in the post-pandemic landscape

Despite Microsoft's market cap hitting a record-high $3 trillion in January 2024, the company laid off 1,900 workers across Activision, Xbox, and holding company ZeniMax. Activision Blizzard was reportedly the most affected by the layoffs, despite Microsoft earnings calls showing that Activision Blizzard generated billions of dollars in revenue throughout 2024.

These Microsoft layoffs came after after the company enacted 10,000 job cuts in January 2022 and a further 1,000 that July. In September 2024, Microsoft laid off another 650 employees from its Xbox division, with the job cuts predominantly across its corporate and support roles.

These job cuts come as the tech and gaming industries face significant challenges: plummeting sales, shrinking player bases, and rising competition. Companies across the sector are adjusting to the post-pandemic landscape, where the explosive growth in gaming seen during the lockdowns has returned to more pre-pandemic levels.

• Microsoft PowerPoint is a program that lets you create presentations and slide decks.
• PowerPoint is part of Microsoft 365's suite of productivity applications.
• Learn how to create a new presentation, and add text, images, videos, audio, and more.

Microsoft PowerPoint is a program designed to help you make interactive, multimedia decks consisting of multiple pages called slides. First created by a software company named Forethought Inc. in 1987, PowerPoint was acquired by Microsoft and released in 1990 in a format similar to the one you know now.

PowerPoint has been continually updated and improved over the years, and today it is a powerful tool that can be used for meetings and presentations, to create collaborative, dynamic documents, to create digital signage, and much more.

What is Microsoft PowerPoint best used for?

PowerPoint is an excellent tool for transmitting ideas. Because the program can use text, sounds, and media such as photos and videos, it is ideal for business presentations heavy on data, for educators to share facts and concepts, for realtors to use in showcasing properties, for marketers to use to introduce new products, and much more.

Anytime you have information to transmit in a multimedia format, PowerPoint is a great program to use. You can arrange PowerPoint slides based on chronology, scale, to tell a story, or however else will best serve your purposes.

Can you get Microsoft PowerPoint for free?

There are a few ways to get Microsoft PowerPoint for free, though they tend to have limitations. You can use PowerPoint for free online when you use a Microsoft 365 account online, which is free but does require creating an account. You have to use PowerPoint in a web browser if you try this technique.

You can also get a free Microsoft 365 app on a smartphone or tablet and use PowerPoint within that app, though using the program on a smaller touchscreen device can be frustrating.

To get the full range of functionality of PowerPoint, you need to need to pay, though. To buy the standalone program for a one-time purchase price, you'll pay $179.99, or you can pay for the full Microsoft 365 suite of programs, which includes Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and other useful software. A yearly subscription to Microsoft 365 costs $69.99, or you can do a one-time purchase for $149.99.

What are some alternatives to Microsoft PowerPoint?

PowerPoint is not alone in the interactive multimedia presentation creation software game. Its competitors include Apple Keynote and Google Slides. Which is better among PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, and Google Slides is largely a matter of personal preference.

If you are more comfortable with the Mac OS than with Windows, for instance, Keynote will be your best bet. In a similar vein, if ease-of-use is critical for you, Apple Keynote is generally considered less overwhelming to learn and use than PowerPoint or Google Slides.

If collaboration with coworkers, students, or friends and family is critical for you, Google Slides is the best choice, as it allows multiple users to edit and comment simultaneously. PowerPoint's cloud integration allows for real-time co-authoring and sharing through OneDrive, but it's not as seamless as Google Slides. And Keynote's collaborative features are limited compared to PowerPoint and Google Slides.

However, if creating a richly-composed multimedia deck is paramount, go with PowerPoint. PowerPoint has features such as a graphic designer that put a high degree of control into its users' hands.

How to make a PowerPoint Presentation

The basic steps to making a PowerPoint presentation are quite approachable, though admittedly it can get complicated at a highly involved level. Here are some simple steps to get you started, though.

Create a presentation

1. Open PowerPoint.
2. In the left pane, select New.
3. Select an option: to create a presentation from scratch, select Blank Presentation. To use a prepared design, select one of the templates. Either way, hit Create.

Add text to your slides

1. Add a slide by clicking the thumbnails on the left pane and selecting the slide type you want your new slide to follow or in the Home tab, select New Slide. Now, you have a single-slide deck made.
2. In the Slides section, click Layout, and then select the layout you want from the menu, in this case a text box.
3. Place the cursor inside the text box, and then write something.
4. Select the text, and then hit one or more options from the Font section of the Home tab, such as bold, italic, underline, and so forth.

Add images, videos, audio, or tables

1. Click the to the Insert tab, then select Pictures.
2. Select the source you want. (Your desktop, for example)
3. Browse for the picture you want, select it, and then select Insert.

You can follow these same steps to insert tables, videos, audio clips, and more.

You can even use Microsoft's Copilot AI tool to help you along the way — users can now add a Microsoft Copilot Pro subscription to use AI features in all Microsoft 365 apps, including PowerPoint, for $20 per month.

With Copilot, you can type instructions to have the AI tool create and edit slides for you, and even generate speaker notes or merge content from other Microsoft 365 files, like a Word doc or Excel sheet.

• Melinda French Gates is one of the world's richest women, even after her divorce from Bill Gates.
• Bill and Melinda Gates first met at Microsoft, and were married for 27 years.
• Here's what to know about Melinda Gates' life, career, and philanthropic pursuits.

Melinda French Gates, born Melinda Ann French, is 60 years old and one of the richest women — indeed, one of the richest people — alive today.

Though she already enjoyed a successful career before wedding Microsoft founder Bill Gates, her marriage rocketed Melinda Gates through the stratosphere in terms of wealth. But her main legacy is the money she has given away in the form of charitable works through the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation.

Melinda Gates' early life and career

Gates seemed destined for achievement from a young age, starting with an impressive academic career.

Melinda Gates was born in 1964 in Dallas, Texas, and raised alongside three siblings. She developed an early interest in computers and programming and, after graduating from high school at the top of her class, she went on to earn dual degrees in computer science and economics from Duke University.

She then earned an MBA from Duke as well. She completed both undergraduate degrees and her master's in just five years.

The first company for which Melinda Gates ever worked would also be the last corporation of which she was an employee: Microsoft. Gates joined to software juggernaut in 1987 after turning down an offer from the then larger IBM, per the National Women's History Museum.

Gates worked in the growing firm's marketing department and soon was helping to develop and launch software products including Publisher; Cinemania; the vaunted word processing platform still used today, Microsoft Word; and the wildly successful travel site Expedia.

Melinda Ann French would surely have caught the eye of Microsoft CEO Bill Gates based on her success at Microsoft alone, but their meeting, four months after she joined his company, led to more than a working relationship; it led to a budding romance.

Bill and Melinda Gates' early years, marriage, and family

After seven years of dating, Bill and Melinda Gates were married in Hawaii on New Year's Day in the year 1994. It was a private — indeed secretive — ceremony that allegedly cost $1 million, hardly a problem for Bill Gates, who had been a billionaire since 1987.

Melinda Gates left Microsoft in 1996, shortly after the birth of her and Bill Gates' first child, a daughter named Jennifer. The couple had a second child, Rory, in 1999, and a third, Phoebe, who was born in 2002.

It was a few years after her departure from Microsoft that Melinda Gates stepped into a leadership role at a charitable organization that would define much of the next two decades of her life and would change the lives of thousands of people around the world.

Melinda Gates' work at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Founded in 1994 as the William H. Gates Foundation and rebranded as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) in the year 2000, after merging with the Gates Library Foundation which Melinda had set up in 1997.

To date the BMGF has given away more than $77 billion in charitable grants.

Melinda Gates served as the co-chair of the foundation for well over two decades, and during her time there the organization, at times billed as the largest private charitable organization on the planet, worked on everything from disease eradication to empowering women to developing clean water and agriculture projects and more.

Melinda French Gates stepped down from her role at the BMGF in the late spring of the year 2024, a bit less than three years after she divorced Bill Gates.

Why and when did Melinda and Bill Gates get divorced?

Melinda Gates and Bill Gates were officially divorced in 2021, ending a 27-year union. There had long been rumors of infidelity on Bill Gates' part, and in interviews, Melinda Gates cited a lack of trust and said she realized the relationship wasn't "healthy."

Melinda Gates also spoke of grieving the relationship, but ultimately making the painful decision that she could not remain married to Bill Gates.

Melinda Gates was also reported to have serious misgivings about Bill Gates' relationship with Jeffrey Epstein, the disgraced financier and alleged sex trafficker who died by suicide in a New York City jail cell in 2019.

How much money did Melinda Gates get in the divorce?

Bill and Melinda Gates did not have a prenuptial agreement in place, opting for a separation agreement, instead. But Melinda Gates would nonetheless leave the union as a wealthy woman. She was granted more than $6.3 billion worth of Microsoft stocks, and has a total estimated net worth of $30 billion, per Forbes.

Melinda Gates' life post-divorce

Following her split from Bill Gates, Melinda Gates briefly dated a man named Jon Du Pre, a Fox News Host, but the relationship was short-lived.

What has not been short-lived is Melinda Gates' continuing dedication to philanthropy. In 2022, she formed the charitable organization Pivotal Ventures, which is, per the organization's site, dedicated "to accelerat[ing] the pace of social progress … through high-impact investments, philanthropy, partnerships, and advocacy, [it's] working to get more power in the hands of more people—especially women."

In late 2024, Melinda Gates was photographed holding hands with former Microsoft employee Phillip Vaughn, who now heads the craft beer delivery company Tavour.

• Microsoft launched its Xbox gaming console nearly 25 years ago.
• The brand has become beloved, owning popular gaming franchises like "Call of Duty" and "Minecraft."
• Read about the Xbox's history, and how it became a staple of the gaming industry.

Since its debut in 2001, Microsoft's Xbox has become a cornerstone in the gaming industry, quickly coming to rival and challenge the market dominance of the Sony PlayStation and Nintendo.

The Xbox brand has evolved through multiple console generations, introducing innovations that have not only influenced competitors but also helped cement Microsoft as a serious player in the entertainment sector.

The development and launch of Xbox

Starting in the late 1990s, Microsoft recognized the growing importance of the gaming industry and the potential of integrating personal computing into a home console.

Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates was intrigued by the idea of entering the console gaming market, but posed a major hurdle in the beginning. It took months to convince a skeptical Gates to agree to fund the Xbox project, Business Insider previously reported.

A team of engineers led by Seamus Blackley had already started work on the project before it was even presented to Gates. They envisioned a console that could leverage Microsoft's expertise in DirectX graphics technology — hence the code name "DirectX Box," which was later shortened to "Xbox."

The original Xbox was unveiled on November 15, 2001, in North America. It was the first gaming console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased operations in 1996. With a built-in hard drive and Ethernet port, the Xbox was technologically advanced for its time. It introduced the world to franchises like "Halo: Combat Evolved," which became a flagship series for the brand.

From Xbox 360 to Xbox One

In 2005, Microsoft launched the Xbox 360 aimed at building online gaming. Xbox Live, initially introduced with the original Xbox console, was significantly expanded, allowing players to connect, compete, and share content globally. The console popularized achievements and "Gamerscore," incentivizing gameplay and fostering a competitive environment. It also introduced the concept of downloadable content (DLC) for consoles, changing how games could be monetized and extended post-release.

The Xbox 360 S was released in June 2010. Its slimmer design aimed to address the infamous "red ring of death" overheating problem that plagued the original Xbox 360 consoles.

The Xbox 360 consoles saw the rise of the best-selling video game series "Call Of Duty." The series is published by Activision Blizzard, which Microsoft acquired in 2023 for $68.7 billion. DLCs for "Call of Duty" games typically released earlier on the Xbox than the PlayStation, leading fans who wanted to experience newly released content as soon as possible to adopt the console.

After an 8 year run, Microsoft retired the Xbox 360 lineup in 2013 in favor of the Xbox One, which it marketed as an all-in-one entertainment system not just designed for gamers. Microsoft ceased producing the Xbox 360 in 2016.

Satya Nadella's strategic pivot

The Xbox One generation saw a stronger focus on exclusive titles and services like Xbox Game Pass, a subscription-based model offering a library of games for a flat monthly fee. This service-oriented approach was part of a larger monumental strategic pivot facilitated by current Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella. Under his leadership, the company has prioritized investment in cloud infrastructure, which caused Azure to surpass its Windows business and subscription versions of Microsoft Office to amass some 50 million monthly users by 2015.

In a 2018 E3 appearance, Microsoft introduced the Xbox Adaptive Controller, designed to make gaming more inclusive by making gaming accessible to those with various disabilities such as Cerebral Palsy.

The controller, designed to work with both Windows and Xbox One games, gives players with limited mobility large programmable buttons, a single joystick, and easy mounting options to wheelchairs or the player's legs. It also boasts compatibility with headphones and other accessories, including additional switches and buttons. Time magazine considered the Adaptive Controller among the best inventions of 2018.

Xbox Series X and Series S

The years 2016 and 2017 saw the release of the Xbox One S and Xbox One X, respectively. Both consoles introduced 4K resolution support for games, with the Xbox One X's implementation featuring a 31% graphics performance boost over the original Xbox One.

Building on the success of the Xbox One lineup, Microsoft released the latest two iterations of the console in 2020: the high-end Xbox Series X and the more affordable Xbox Series S. Both systems boasted faster load times, higher frame rates, and support for ray-tracing. With this console generation, Microsoft embraced backwards compatibility, allowing players to play games dating back to the original Xbox console.

Further illustrating Microsoft's heavy investment in cloud technologies, the company expanded the Xbox Game Pass and introduced the Xbox Cloud Gaming beta. Game Pass essentially works as a Netflix-like service for games, allowing players to pay a flat monthly fee to access a large library of games; Xbox Cloud Gaming allows players to play Xbox games on their computers, Smart TVs, or phones — even using a Sony DualShock 4 PlayStation controller if they so choose — through Game Pass' Ultimate tier, entirely removing the need for an Xbox console.

Microsoft layoffs hit Xbox and Activision Blizzard

However, despite its success, Microsoft's Xbox division has had layoffs and has not been immune to overall market forces. A major slowdown in video game sales following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in job cuts across the gaming and tech industries.

In early 2024, Microsoft layoffs affected 1,900 workers between Activision, Xbox, and Bethesda Softworks' parent company ZeniMax.

Later that year, some Xbox employees took voluntary severance packages, and a further 650 employees were laid off from the Xbox division itself.

• Microsoft certifications can help demonstrate your skills for jobs like IT or software engineering.
• Microsoft offers a variety of certifications in its products like Azure, Windows, or Microsoft 365.
• Microsoft offers free, self-paced training, and you can pay to take an exam and become certified.

Microsoft certifications are recognized industry-wide, and are a way for professionals to tangibly demonstrate that they have expertise in a given subject area.

Microsoft certifications are geared towards those entering tech-related fields like IT, software development, data science, and more. The certifications focus on a variety of Microsoft products like Azure, Dynamics, Microsoft 365, and more.

Tech jobs — whether it's an IT role at a mid-sized business or a job at Microsoft itself — are known for being highly competitive. Given the prevalence of Microsoft products in the business world, these certifications shouldn't be overlooked as a way to both show your knowledge and demonstrate your proficiency with Microsoft products.

How Microsoft certifications work

If you're interested in a Microsoft certification, you have a few routes you can take to learn the material: you can pay for instructor-led training from Microsoft itself or from a Microsoft-partnered training organization, or you can take free, self-paced training provided by Microsoft.

To actually become certified, you'll need to pay to take an exam. Most of the exams are online proctored exams that you can do from your own home and computer, but you also have the option to schedule your exam at a test center if you wish.

If you're doing the online version, know that you'll be assigned a proctor to monitor you during the exam, and you'll have to submit photos of your ID and the room you're taking the exam in.

With some exceptions, most Microsoft certifications are good for 12 months, after which they must be renewed. The good news is that renewals are free and just require you to pass an online assessment that is shorter than the original exam. The assessments are also un-proctored and open book. But be warned: you have only six months to complete this or you'll have to retake the original exam.

How much do Microsoft certifications cost?

Exam and training costs can vary significantly depending on the Microsoft certification, and depending on where you're located. Instructor-led courses typically cost the most — some courses in the US can total thousands of dollars — but you have the benefit of a human instructor who can answer your questions and offer tips on the material and exam.

If you go the self-paced training route through Microsoft, your only cost is the exam, which typically costs between $99 and $165, depending on the certification and your location.

What are the most valuable Microsoft certifications?

What Microsoft certifications you should get boils down to your personal interests, and what certifications are most in demand and correlate with high-earning jobs. This can fluctuate over time.

With the prevalence of cloud computing these days, Azure-based certifications are in high demand and jobs like network engineer pay quite well. And amid the ongoing AI arms race that has taken the tech world by storm, a certification in machine learning or generative AI solutions could give you a competitive edge in the job market.

Cybersecurity skills are also in high demand, and Microsoft offers a certification for cybersecurity solutions using Microsoft technologies.

Microsoft's website allows you to browse credentials and filter the various Microsoft certifications based on what type of role you're seeking, such as DevOps engineer or database administrator, or what type of product you want to specialize in, like Microsoft Fabric, Windows, Power BI, or Copilot.

Microsoft certifications for beginners

While intermediate and senior certifications generally correlate with the highest annual salaries, the material is complex and advanced, and they're not necessarily the first certifications you should look for if you're new to the IT field, cloud computing, or to Microsoft technology.

Microsoft certifications are categorized into levels, and labeled as beginner, intermediate, or advanced. You can always start with beginner certifications like Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals (also known as AZ-900) that teaches you the fundamentals of Azure.

Even if you don't take the fundamentals exam and are aiming for a higher-level certification, it can still be worth going through the free self-paced training documentation for the fundamentals courses to help bring yourself up to speed. Everyone starts with different knowledge baselines.

• Microsoft has had three CEOs since its founding in 1975.
• Bill Gates, Steve Ballmer, and Satya Nadella have steered the company through its 50-year history.
• Read about the CEOs who oversaw Microsoft's successes, failures, launches, acquisitions, and more.

Satya Nadella has been Microsoft's CEO since February 4, 2014, and its executive chairman since June 2021. He is the company's third CEO since its incorporation in 1975.

Let's break down the company's chief executives and their tenures:

Bill Gates (1975-2000)

The Microsoft Corporation was co-founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, shortly after the pair dropped out of Harvard University. Gates said he dropped out of Harvard to found Microsoft because he feared missing out on being a pioneer of the personal computing revolution.

As the company's first chief executive, Gates steered the company through its formative years and set forth Microsoft's original mission of "a computer on every desk and in every home." A pivotal moment came in 1980 when Microsoft secured a deal to supply the operating system for IBM's first personal computer. To accomplish this, Microsoft purchased an existing operating system, modified it, and renamed it MS-DOS — short for Microsoft Disk Operating System — which became the foundation for the company's early success.

In 1985, the company launched Windows 1.0, introducing the Graphical User Interface that made computing more accessible to the masses. Subsequent releases like Windows 3.0 in 1990 and the highly successful Windows 95 in 1995 built upon this innovation, with each release solidifying Microsoft's operating system market dominance, which Microsoft enjoys to this day — in part due to the success of these earlier operating systems. Under Gates' leadership, the company also developed the Microsoft Office suite, which became the industry standard for business productivity software.

The company's rapid growth led to its Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 1986, making Gates a billionaire by the age of 31 and, at one point, the world's richest man. Throughout the 1990s, Microsoft's influence expanded globally, but it also faced significant legal challenges. In 1998, the US Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft, accusing the corporate giant of monopolistic practices by bundling Internet Explorer with the Windows operating system. The prolonged legal battle brought scrutiny, but ultimately, the two parties reached a settlement in 2001 that imposed certain restrictions on Microsoft's business practices.

Despite these challenges, Gates continued to drive innovation, investing heavily in research and development. Microsoft expanded into various areas, including enterprise software, internet services, and gaming, laying the groundwork for future ventures like the Xbox. Gates' leadership emphasized not only technological advancement but also strategic business moves that kept Microsoft at the forefront of the industry.

After leading the company for its first 25 years, Gates resigned in 2000 to focus on his philanthropic efforts, founding the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation that same year. His tenure left a significant mark on the industry, with Microsoft's software becoming integral to personal and professional computing worldwide. Gates continued on as Microsoft's chief software architect until 2006 and as company chairman until 2014, when Satya Nadella took over the role. Gates remained on the board as a technical advisor before stepping down entirely in 2020.

Steve Ballmer (2000-2014)

Steve Ballmer, who joined Microsoft in 1980 as the company's first business manager, played a pivotal role in shaping its early business strategies. Ballmer succeeded Bill Gates as president and CEO of the company after the founder stepped down in 2000. Recognizing the need for agility in a rapidly evolving tech industry, he initiated extensive internal restructuring that favored speed and fewer bureaucratic hurdles.

With Ballmer at the helm, Microsoft faced significant successes, but also its fair share of challenges. In 2001, the company launched the Xbox, marking its entry into the gaming console market. The Xbox and its successors would come to rival and challenge the market dominance of the Sony PlayStation and Nintendo. The success seen by the Xbox and its successors helped cement Microsoft as a serious player in the entertainment sector.

Ballmer's tenure also saw the release of Windows XP, an operating system so successful that it took until 2016 for another iteration of Windows to actually surpass Windows XP in terms of user base. The following year, it was still the third most popular operating system in the world, despite Windows XP's retirement in April 2014.

However, not all initiatives fared so well. The release of Windows Vista in 2007 was met with widespread criticism due to performance issues and compatibility problems, tarnishing the reputation of Microsoft's flagship operating system. Additionally, Microsoft's efforts in the smartphone arena with Windows Mobile struggled to gain traction. Combined with the introduction of the Apple iPhone in 2007 and the rapid advancement of Google's Android platform, this led to Microsoft ceding significant ground in the burgeoning mobile market that it never recovered. Microsoft tried again with the Windows Phone mobile operating system in October 2010 before throwing in the towel in 2017 and prioritizing iOS and Android development in 2018.

In an effort to bolster services, Microsoft acquired Skype, the video calling service, in 2011 for $8.5 billion. The Skype acquisition helped Microsoft gain valuable ground in both consumer and enterprise communication sectors that was not usurped until 2021 when Microsoft voluntarily replaced it in the business context with Microsoft Teams.

Despite the challenges that Microsoft confronted during Ballmer's tenure as CEO, Microsoft experienced significant financial growth under his leadership. By the time Ballmer announced his retirement in 2013 and officially stepped down in February 2014, the company's annual revenue had tripled. This growth reflected the company's product portfolio expansion and its increased global market reach. Ballmer's tenure was marked by his efforts to diversify Microsoft's offerings and navigate the company through a transformative era in the technology industry, contending with fierce competition and headwinds while building on the company's foundations.

Satya Nadella (2014-present)

Following Steve Ballmer's resignation in February 2014, Satya Nadella took on the role of chief executive and chairman of the board.

Under Nadella's leadership, the company has undergone a significant transformation from a traditional software provider to a leader in cloud computing and subscription services. Recognizing the shifting tech landscape, Nadella prioritized investment in cloud infrastructure, expanding Microsoft Azure into one of the world's foremost cloud platforms. In fact, in 2020 Azure surpassed Microsoft's Windows business. This monumental strategic pivot also involved embracing mobile technologies and shifting key products to subscription-based models, exemplified by the launch of Microsoft 365 (formerly Office 365) in June 2011. By 2015, the number of monthly Microsoft 365 users exceeded 50 million.

Nadella's tenure has been marked by several high-profile acquisitions aimed at diversifying Microsoft's portfolio and strengthening its position across various markets. In 2014, Microsoft acquired Mojang, the creator of the immensely popular video game Minecraft, for $2.5 billion. This was followed by the purchase of the professional networking site LinkedIn in 2016 for $26.2 billion and GitHub in 2018, the leading platform for software development collaboration, for $7.6 billion. These acquisitions broadened Microsoft's offerings and integrated valuable communities and services into its ecosystem.

In more recent years, Nadella has steered Microsoft toward becoming a key player in artificial intelligence. The company has invested heavily in AI research and development, most notably through Microsoft's partnership with OpenAI, after overcoming initial skepticism. As of 2024, Microsoft has invested $13 billion into its OpenAI partnership, plans to obtain 1.8 million AI chips by year-end, and invest $100 billion through 2027 in GPUs and expanding its AI data centers.

• The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a charitable organization with a $75.2-billion endowment.
• The nonprofit was created by Microsoft founder Bill Gates and his now ex-wife, Melinda French Gates.
• The foundation supports causes related to global health issues, poverty, and inequity.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a nonprofit charitable organization founded by Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates and his then-wife, Melinda French Gates. The foundation has donated tens of billions of dollars to issues like global health, gender equality, water sanitation programs, nutrition education and support, and more.

The Gates Foundation, which is a 501(c)(3) organization, partners with groups that can do impactful work on specific issues in specific areas — medical researchers studying mosquito-borne illness in Tanzania, for example — and helps ensure there is proper funding for the work.

The Gates Foundation is one of the largest such organizations, second only to Denmark's medical research-focused Novo Nordisk Foundation. Its size and scope noted, there is still much people wonder about the BMGF, so let's take a closer look at who it supports, who runs it, and just how much money we're talking about here.

The history, ownership, and wealth of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation was formed in 2000 as an offshoot of the William H. Gates Foundation, which the Microsoft founder created six years earlier. Bill Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO in 2008 to devote more of his time to the foundation.

Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates divorced in August of 2021, and she resigned from her position as co-chair and trustee of the foundation in the spring of 2024. However, despite the couple's divorce, the Gates Foundation is still very active and is even growing the scope of its operations and its endowment. The foundation has about 2,000 employees, and has offices all over the world, including several in Africa, Europe, and Asia.

The former power couple aren't actually the owners of the organization. The Gates Foundation is owned by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Trust.

The Gates Foundation is best known for funding efforts to eradicate diseases like polio and malaria worldwide and addressing global poverty and malnutrition. It works closely with global health organizations like the World Health Organization and UNICEF. The foundation has backed efforts like developing and delivering vaccines to poverty-stricken countries, supporting agriculture and reducing food insecurity in developing nations, and committed more than $2 billion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.

However, the foundation has also received criticism from global health and development experts, who have accused the organization of lacking transparency and accountability. Despite being a private, unelected entity, the foundation has had major effects and implications on public policy around the world, and its critics say it makes decisions based on the whims of its billionaire trustees rather than voters.

For instance, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has poured hundreds of millions of dollars into agricultural development in Africa over the years via a "green revolution" emphasizing technological innovations in farming. Instead, multiple organizations have called the efforts a failure and urged the foundation to instead listen to the needs of African farmers.

Bill and Melinda Gates have also acknowledged shortcomings in the foundation's strategies. For instance, despite spending billions on improving the US education system, with the goal of boosting high school graduation rates, the couple acknowledged that the foundation's efforts to improve American public schools were "still falling short" and said the foundation hadn't accomplished as much as they would like.

How much money does the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have?

The foundation is well-endowed, largely thanks to donations directly from the Gates themselves and billionaire Warren Buffett. BMGF has also made some excellent investments over the years.

According to its website, the foundation has an endowment of $75.2 billion. Bill and Melinda Gates have given $59.5 billion to the foundation since its inception, and Buffet has given $39.3 billion since 2006.

The foundation has billions of dollars of Microsoft stock, which is little surprise given that the software company is the provenance of Bill Gates' wealth. Bill Gates' net worth fluctuates with the stock market, but it is well over $100 billion — and that's after subtracting the $76 billion Melinda Gates gained when the couple separated.

Notably, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation does not give money to individuals, its website states, nor does it donate to "projects addressing health problems in developed countries," "political campaigns and legislative lobbying efforts," "building or capital campaigns," or "projects that exclusively serve religious purposes."

• Microsoft holds quarterly earnings calls to discuss the company's financial performance.
• In 2024, earnings calls touched on topics like the Activision Blizzard acquisition, AI, and layoffs.
• Here's what to know about Microsoft's revenues, profits, and more.

Information about Microsoft's earnings is released publicly at the end of each quarter of the fiscal year. For Microsoft, this is done during an earnings call usually hosted by CEO Satya Nadella.

An earnings call consists of company executives laying out the current state of the company's financial situation and explaining how the company performed over the course of the closing quarter. It also involves projections about upcoming fiscal performance. These calls are closely watched by investors, economists, and regulators.

In 2024, some of the major themes on these earnings calls were the advancement of AI tools like Copilot, which was first launched in late 2023, and layoffs at Microsoft, largely in the company's gaming division.

Microsoft Q1 earnings 2025

Things were going well for Microsoft as of the October 2024 earnings call which covered the first quarter of the 2025 fiscal year calendar. Revenues were just over $65.6 billion, a 16% increase year-over-year.

Among the specifics discussed were a 10% increase in revenue for LinkedIn and a 61% increase in revenues for Xbox "content and services."

The company reportedly returned $9 billion to shareholders in the form of dividends and stock buybacks. On October 30, Microsoft's stock price was trading at around $432 per share.

Microsoft Q4 earnings 2024

The July 2024 earnings call was mostly filled with good news. Amy Hood, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Microsoft reported that the quarterly revenue was $64.7 billion, which was up 15% over the previous quarter.

Hood also reported that share prices were up $2.95 over the previous quarter. (On July 30, 2024, Microsoft share prices were at $4.22.92 per share at the close of the market.) Q4 was the best quarter of the fiscal year for Microsoft.

Not all the news was good, though: revenues for Xbox video game console hardware fell by 42%, and this drop surely helped account for large round of layoffs in Microsoft's gaming division.

Microsoft Q3 earnings 2024

Microsoft's revenues for the third quarter of the 2024 fiscal year were almost as strong as those of the fourth quarter. In April 2024, the company reported overall revenues of $61.9 billion for the months of January, February, and March of that year, a 17% year-over-year increase.

Revenues increased for platforms like LinkedIn and software suites like Office 365, but decreased for some physical device sales. Share prices increased by $2.94 on average. And Xbox "content and services revenue" increased by 62%, this increase coming only a few months after Microsoft's acquisition of the gaming company Activision Blizzard.

Microsoft Q2 earnings 2024

In the months of October, November, and December of 2023, the second quarter of the 2024 fiscal year, revenue was almost the same as the following Q3. Q2 revenues were $62 billion, a 18% YOY increase.

The massive acquisition of Activision Blizzard concluded during the early days of this quarter, with the software company laying out $69 billion to acquire the gaming company. And artificial intelligence was top-of-mind for Nadella, who said in the earnings call that "we've moved from talking about AI to applying AI at scale. By infusing AI across every layer of our tech stack, we're winning new customers and helping drive new benefits and productivity gains across every sector."

Microsoft earnings history

Like most major tech companies, Microsoft spent 2024 adjusting to the post-pandemic slump in what some are calling a tech industry recession.

At the same time, a fiercely competitive AI arms race has proven challenging, even with Microsoft's 2023 launch of Copilot.

In 2020, the peak year of the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft's annual revenues were $143 billion. 2021 saw an increase to $168 billion, while 2022 saw another jump to $198 billion in revenues. In 2023, Microsoft revenues were $211 billion, and when you add all those quarters of FY24 up, you'll see its 2024 fiscal year revenues were a healthy $245 billion.