House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) relied on an unclear, unrealistic and unenforceable promise on the debt ceiling to convince President-elect Trump and House conservatives to keep the government open.

• It worked.

Why it matters: Trump killed Johnson's Plan A because it didn't include anything on the debt ceiling.

• Democrats and 38 Republicans killed Johnson's Plan B because it did.
• Don't ask about Plan C: It lived a short, unhappy life, mostly confined to X.
• Johnson's Plan D survived because Republicans pretended the debt ceiling was in the agreement and Democrats know that it's not.

The Senate is poised to pass the bill as soon as Friday night after it overwhelmingly cleared the House, 366 to 34, in the evening. More Democrats (196) voted for it than Republicans (170); all the no votes came from GOP House members. One Democrat voted present.

Zoom in: In the end, the bill that carried bipartisan votes was the obvious one that had been staring at leadership for weeks.

• The government will be funded for three months.
• The White House and Democrats avoid a shutdown in Biden's waning days. They also finally get the $100 billion in emergency spending they have pursued for months.
• Republicans can claim $10 billion in economic assistance for farmers.

Between the lines: Trump officials have been quietly contemplating a deal on the debt ceiling for weeks, but they apparently only sprang it on Johnson in the last 48 hours. That doomed an agreement that was already on shaky ground.

Inside the GOP conference, there are broadly two views on the debt ceiling.

• Some Trump loyalists see the debt ceiling as a ticking time bomb, set to detonate in the middle of Trump's first year. The smartest thing to do, they say, is to defuse it now.
• But GOP hardliners think of the debt ceiling as a grenade that they hold. The pin is pulled. Don't make them drop it with more unfunded spending.
• The promise Johnson made gives the hardliners, in theory, what they want: $2.5 trillion in deficit reduction on mandatory spending for a $1.5 trillion increase in the debt limit.

Reality check: Privately, conservatives admit that ratio is too good to be true.

• Under current policy, the deficit is expected to come in at $1.9 trillion for fiscal year 2025, meaning Congress will need that $1.5 trillion pretty quickly.
• Extending Trump's tax cuts is expected to cost another $4 trillion over 10 years.
• Then consider the Trump-Vance campaign promise for tip earners, Social Security recipients and families, which will cost trillions more.

The bottom line: That will make extending Trump's tax cuts, not to mention legislating any new ones, very difficult to achieve if Trump and congressional Republicans are serious about cutting deficit spending.

• It also puts enormous pressure on Elon Musk to find some massive savings in mandatory spending programs, like Medicare and Social Security, that Trump has promised not to touch.

There's only one upside after Thursday night's spectacular failure for House Speaker Mike Johnson, President-elect Trump and Elon Musk: They now have a long list of Republicans who dared to defy them.

Why it matters: Johnson is learning what a co-speakership with Trump — and to an extent, Musk — will look like.

• It's obvious Trump can kill a bill.
• It's less clear whether Trump or Musk can get legislation across the finish line by publicly browbeating GOP lawmakers.

🗳 Johnson lost 38 Republican votes and gained just two Democratic ones on a Trump-endorsed plan to fund the government for three months and suspend the debt ceiling for two years.

• The final 174-235 tally is a disaster for leadership's Plan B.
• Majority Leader Steve Scalise (R-La.) said Thursday they won't try their luck with the House Rules Committee on a party-line vote.

Now comes Plan C — yet to be named — after Republicans wasted a day negotiating with themselves.

• The hard talks with House and Senate Democrats have yet to happen and the government shuts down in just over 24 hours.

Zoom in: Trump is sparking a confrontation with his closest allies in Congress, with Johnson caught in the middle.

• Freedom Caucus members are both MAGA meat-eaters and big-time opponents of raising the debt ceiling.
• Now their president-elect is asking for a blank check and threatening primaries for any holdouts.
• He called for a primary challenge to Rep. Chip Roy (R-Texas), who responded by calling the Trump-blessed bill "embarrassing" and "shameful." Roy voted no on the bill.

Other GOP "no" votes were a Freedom Caucus who's who:

• It includes Andy Ogles and Tim Burchett of Tennessee; Ralph Norman of South Carolina; Bob Good of Virginia; Rich McCormick of Georgia; and Andy Biggs and Paul Gosar of Arizona.

The bottom line: The rough reality for Johnson is that he needs Democratic votes to advance legislation — and Republican votes to remain speaker.

• On Thursday he realized how short he may be on both.

Negotiations over a short-term spending bill turned out to be more painful and prolonged than leaders in either party expected.

Why it matters: Agreeing to a three-month bill should not be this hard.

• The fact that it was might mean that next year's big legislative fights – from tax reform to funding the government – will be even more difficult.

Driving the news: The text of the 1,547-page bill was finally posted after 6pm ET.

• All day, rank and file Republicans — and even committee chairs — grumbled about the process -- and the policy. This bill is not popular with House Speaker Mike Johnson's (R-La.) right flank.

Zoom out: Johnson allies are trying to claim victory. They have an agreement to fund the government through March 14, just like they promised back in September.

• And it wasn't a dreaded omnibus – anathema to the House conservatives whose votes Johnson will need in just 17 days to remain speaker.
• But it included a host of unrelated provisions, touching on football, Haiti, and China
• That made the back and forth feel more like an omnibus negotiation, even if the underlying legislation was technically a three-month bill.

WINNERS

• Farmers: Johnson can point to $10 billion in economic assistance for farmers and the inclusion of outbound investment restrictions on China.
• Storm-victims: There's an additional $100 billion in disaster relief in various pots of money. None of it is offset.
• Haiti: Democrats won on getting a trade provision extended for duty-free imports on textiles and apparel from Haiti.
• The Commanders and owner Josh Harris: Don't buy a corporate box at RFK just yet. The Commanders still need to ink a stadium deal with the city, but it's looking good for a potential RFK kickoff as early as 2030.
• Maryland: Yes, they may be losing their football team, but the state got 100% authorization for the Francis Scott Key Bridge. The Federal government will retain the rights to any windfalls from lawsuits.

LOSERS:

• Maryland: They may have lost their football team.
• Africa: Legislation to extend the African Growth and Opportunity Act was not included. That's also a blow to President Biden and his administration.
• Pharmacy Benefit Managers: They lost big on a provision to redirect spending on prescription drugs to health plans and pharmaceutical companies. It could get worse for them. Trump referred to PMB's as "middlemen" in his Mar-a-Lago press conference on Monday.

The bottom line: Congress will undertake a similar exercise in early March to fund the government for another six months. Republicans will control the Senate, but their margins will be tighter in the House.

Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) is launching a preemptive strike against the isolationists in his own party, warning of the "price of American retreat" in a new essay for Foreign Affairs.

Why it matters: McConnell is putting Trump — and the entire Republican party — on notice that he plans to be an active combatant in the looming GOP civil war on foreign policy.

• "America will not be made great again by those who simply want to manage its decline," McConnell writes in a 5,000-word piece posted this morning.
• "Trump would be wise to build his foreign policy on the enduring cornerstone of U.S. leadership: hard power."

The big picture: McConnell has said he will feel "liberated" once he leaves leadership to criticize Democrats and Republicans alike. As the chair of the Defense appropriations subcommittee, he'll have a powerful perch to advance his agenda.

• But his essay is full of appeals to Trump, who he once called "stupid" and "despicable." McConnell, a master negotiator, is leaving plenty of room for a productive relationship with the next president.
• He is also unsparing in his criticism of the last two Democratic presidents.
• "Donald Trump will inherit a world far more hostile to U.S. interests than the one he left behind four years ago," he writes. "But the response to four years of weakness must not be four years of isolation."

Driving the news: Congressional support for Ukraine will likely emerge as the first flashpoint between "American First" isolationists and more traditional Republican hawks.

• Trump, who met with Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky in Paris last weekend, wants to broker a peace agreement between Ukraine and Russia.
• He used the recent ouster of Syria's President Bashar al-Assad to argue that the time is right for both sides to "make a deal and stop the madness."
• McConnell has been a staunch supporter of sending aid and munitions to Ukraine and was critical in helping to pass a $60 billion package in April.
• The legislation passed, but with only 22 Republican senators supporting it, a minority in the party. "I sort of felt like I was the only Reagan Republican left," he said at the time.

Zoom out: As the longest-serving Senate leader in history, McConnell has long been a champion of the kind of muscular interventionism that defined the Republican party during the Cold War and the post-9/11 aftermath.

• He supported the invasion of Iraq in 2003 and then the 2007 troop "surge" pushed by then-President Bush to defeat an Iraqi insurgency that was inflicting heavy casualties on U.S. troops.
• He has long been a hawk on China, as well as a reliable voice in support of Taiwan. He backed then-Speaker Nancy Pelosi on her visit to Taiwan, in defiance of China's disapproval.
• More recently, he's been deeply critical of his Republican colleagues for supporting Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán.

Zoom in: With the Foreign Affairs article, McConnell appears to be writing with an eye on future fights in addition to his own legacy — and is clearly concerned about the number of threats America faces.

• "Standing up to China will require Trump to reject the myopic advice that he prioritize that challenge by abandoning Ukraine," he writes.

The bottom line: He reserves some of his harshest criticism for Democrats in an attempt to convince Trump that isolationism can have consequences.

• "In the Middle East, Obama's premature withdrawal from Iraq left a vacuum for Iran and the Islamic State," he writes.

House progressives are ready to go back on the offensive and to protect their fellow members after tough primary losses this year.

Why it matters: For the first time since The Squad burst onto the congressional scene six years ago, their ranks will be thinner in the next Congress.

• That's mostly due to the primary losses of Reps. Cori Bush (D-Mo.) and Jamaal Bowman (D-N.Y.), bringing their number from nine to seven.

🎯 One target: Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), the outgoing chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, blames super PAC money for Bush's and Bowman's losses.

• "The dark money in primaries stops us from electing true working-class candidates who are going to challenge corporate power," she told Axios at an Axios News Shapers event on Thursday.

Zoom in: The Squad's most prominent member — Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) — is locked in a heated race for power next week.

• AOC was endorsed Friday for ranking member on House Oversight by her Congressional Progressive Caucus allies. That was quickly followed by an endorsement from the Congressional Hispanic Caucus.
• She's battling against allies of House Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), who's been making calls on her opponent's Rep. Gerry Connolly's (D-Va.) behalf.
• Connolly was endorsed Friday by the center-left New Democrat Coalition.

Zoom out: The Israel-Hamas war put the pro-Palestinian lawmakers on defense, and in the case of Bowman and Bush, the Gaza war combined with additional scandals proved too much to withstand.

• "Democrats will try to run to the right, will try to run to the center and be Republican light," Jayapal told Axios.
• "Let's be real, most people don't like the light version of anything. They'd rather have the real version of the thing."
• "We need a very clear contrast between Republicans and Democrats."

Sens. Joe Manchin (I-W.Va.) and Kyrsten Sinema (I-Ariz.) delivered their potentially final rebuke to outgoing Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) today, surprising him with two "no" votes on a nomination that was deeply important to their old party.

Why it matters: Schumer is closing out the Biden presidency the same way he started it: Wondering if he can count on Manchin and Sinema.

• Both senators, in their own dramatic way, voted to defeat the nomination of Lauren McFarren for another term on the National Labor Relations Board.
• Sinema showed up for her first Senate vote since the Thanksgiving holiday and voted "no" on a procedural vote to kill McFarren's nomination.

With Manchin absent in the Senate, and the vote tied at 49-49, a potential tie-breaking vote from Vice President Harris was possible.

• But Manchin raced across town from a previous engagement to deliver the fatal blow, 50-49.

Zoom in: Schumer was under enormous pressure from progressive senators and labor groups to try to grandfather in Democratic control of the NLRB for the first two years of Trump's presidency.

• With Senate Republicans struggling with absenteeism, Democrats thought they had a shot.
• Leading up to the vote, it was a mystery among many Democratic senators how Manchin and Sinema would vote.

What they are saying: Manchin, who had kept all of Washington guessing on his position, claimed it wasn't even a close call.

• "This is not a surprise to anyone," he said after voting, citing McFarren's position on a new joint employer rule. "It's not personal."

In a statement shortly after the vote, Schumer didn't hide his anger.

• "It is deeply disappointing, a direct attack on working people, and incredibly troubling that this highly qualified nominee — with a proven track record of protecting worker rights — did not have the votes," Schumer said.

The other side: Republicans had nearly perfect attendance, with only Sen. Roger Marshall (R-Kan.), who had a planned orthopedic surgery, missing the vote. GOP leaders were aware of his expected absence, according to a person familiar with the matter.

Zoom out: For the last four years, Manchin and Sinema have aggravated both President Biden and the Democratic Party they used to call home.

• In the summer of 2021, Manchin took a chainsaw to Biden's $3.5 trillion Build Back Better agenda and articulated his own redlines. He knocked out key provisions — like extending the Child Tax Credit — and then ultimately killed it.
• He later revived a much smaller package. Then Sinema decided to raise her concerns.
• She fought against some of the corporate tax increases, as well as a plan to target so-called carried interest.
• The two of them also helped to sink previous Biden nominations, including Julie Sue for labor secretary and Saule Omarova for the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.

The bottom line: Yes, they tend to vote with Schumer on judges, but Democrats they are clearly not.

• Sinema formally left the Democratic Party in late 2022. Manchin did the same in March of this year.

Sen. Majority Leader Chuck Schumer is telling colleagues that negotiations to allow the Washington Commanders to return to the RFK Stadium site are making progress — and a deal could be included in the short-term spending bill, Axios has learned.

Why it matters: Schumer still wants Maryland, the NFL and the Commanders to reach an agreement that satisfies all parties. It's not clear that they have done so.

• But Schumer's indication he might attach the House-passed legislation to the spending bill opens up a massive hole for the Commanders — and fans of returning football to the nation's capital — to run through this year. The team currently plays about five miles from D.C., at Northwest Stadium in Landover, Maryland.

Driving the news: The Commanders want the option of building a new stadium at RFK and have worked to reach an agreement.

• Schumer has been speaking directly with N.F.L. Commissioner Roger Goodell, Commanders owner Josh Harris and the Maryland senators for status reports on the negotiations, according to people familiar with the matter.
• If a deal is reached, Schumer would support including it in the short-term spending bill, according to people familiar with the matter.

Zoom out: If Congress passes legislation for a redevelopment bill this year, the city and the Washington Commanders can consider a massive new sports and entertainment district, with a potential football stadium on the 190-acre site.

• The city of D.C. is broadly supportive. Mayor Muriel Bowser said last month a redevelopment would bring "affordable housing, world-class recreational facilities, green spaces and economic opportunity for District residents and visitors alike."

The bottom line: Sen. Steve Daines (R-Mont.) had been holding up the House legislation since May, but he's indicated he's no longer opposed, according to people familiar with the matter.

• Maryland's political leaders have brought their own demands to the negotiations, according to the Washington Post.

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) is mounting a last-ditch fight to keep the National Labor Relations Board under Democratic control for the next two years under President-elect Trump.

Why it matters: For big labor and big business, the NLRB is crucially important.

• It has broad discretion to referee disputes between employers of workers across the economy, from Amazon to Starbucks.
• Democrats have an opportunity to lock in a 3-2 majority, but only if they can find 50 votes to extend Lauren McFerran's tenure.
• Schumer filed cloture on Monday on another five-year term for McFerran, setting up a procedural vote on Wednesday.

Schumer has two paths to win confirmation:

• He'll need GOP absences or defections, or assurances from either Sens. Joe Manchin (I-W.Va.) or Kyrsten Sinema (I-Ariz.) that their concerns about the NLRB have been addressed. Those two haven't indicated how they'll vote.

Driving the news: Senate Democrats and independent Sen. Bernie Sanders —have privately pressed Schumer to ensure a Democratic majority until August 2026, when vacancies will give Republicans a shot to have their own 3-2 advantage.

• With two weeks left in session, time is running out, raising concerns in the labor movement that the vote isn't a top priority for Schumer.
• Without reconfirmation, the board will likely tip in favor of Republicans early next year when Trump starts filling open seats after his inauguration. McFerran's term expires next week.

What we're watching: No one seems to know if Manchin is still as angry with the NLRB when he voted against the last Democratic nominee in September 2023.

• But his staff isn't giving Schumer any reason to be optimistic.
• In that 2023 vote, Democrat Gwynne Wilcox relied on the votes of the two Alaska senators, Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan, to win confirmation.
• Another x-factor is Sinema's attendance. She didn't vote last week.

The bottom line: Schumer has been focusing on confirming federal judges to lifetime positions before Democrats hand over the majority to Republicans next year.

• While judges wear their robes for life, there are nearly 1,500 of them.
• There are five seats on the NLRB.

White House Chief of Staff Jeff Zients is asking his team to "sprint to the finish line" to cement the president's legacy, reshape the federal judiciary and spend all the money they possibly can in their final 42 days in office.

Why it matters: President Biden and Zients want to ensure a smooth transition to President-elect Trump's second term, but they also want to lock in any policy changes allowed by law.

• That includes obligating funds in Biden's four signature pieces of legislation: The American Rescue Plan, The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the CHIPS and Science Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act.

Driving the news: With many White House officials hunting for jobs, Zients is essentially giving them a pep talk, reminding them of their accomplishments — but also that there's more important work to do.

• "Under the President's and the Vice President's leadership, this team got more done in one term than most presidencies get done in two," Zients wrote in a memo obtained by Axios.
• "Expect more action on high-speed internet funds to states, CHIPS incentives funding, IRA funding, and more," Zients wrote.

The intrigue: Zients also previewed new action on artificial intelligence, hinting at "announcements to come on everything from climate to conservation to AI and more."

• Along with Deputy Chief of Staff Bruce Reed, Zients has taken a special interest in AI policy, and worked to convince private companies to sign public pledges on how they will use the technology.

Zoom out: Biden passed the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan in the opening weeks of his presidency to help ensure that the economy continued to grow during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Republicans claimed that it was too expensive and today some economists blame it for stoking inflation. But inside the White House it is still largely celebrated.
• Biden also signed a bipartisan infrastructure law, which authorized more than $1 trillion in spending, the $52 million CHIPS and Science Act, as his climate and health care law. It was a pared down version of his initial $3.5 trillion Build Back Better proposal.
• That final piece of legislation will end up costing some $1.2 trillion, much higher than the initial price tag, in part because of the popularity of some of its tax credits.

What's next: The White House has several concrete goals for the next six weeks.

• In addition to getting money out the door on his domestic agenda, officials are focused on working with the Senate to confirm judges – and break Trump's record for the total number of appointments.
• On the foreign policy front, officials are still working to achieve a ceasefire in the war in Gaza and to keep supporting Ukraine.

President Biden's pardon of his son Hunter ignited a debate over whether Biden was abusing his power for personal reasons, but he'll have to issue well over 100 more in his last few weeks in office to come close to his predecessors' totals.

Why it matters: The final days of a presidency are the season of pardons, as presidents seek to right what they see as judicial wrongs before they leave D.C. And after Biden's controversial pardon of his son, he's facing enormous pressure to flex his clemency muscle.

By the numbers: Biden actually has been reluctant to show mercy — handing out just 26 pardons and commuting 135 criminal sentences since he took office in January 2021. He's granted just 1.2% of the requests he's received, according to data from the Justice Department's Office of the Pardon Attorney.

• President-elect Trump — who had fewer acts of clemency than his recent predecessors during his first term — had granted 29 pardons at this point in 2020.
• But in the final weeks as the nation's 45th president, Trump nearly quintupled his number of pardons, ending with a total of 144.

What they're saying: White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said this week that Biden — now being deluged with requests — is "thinking through that process [of end-of-year clemency announcements] very thoroughly."

• "I''m not going to get ahead of the president on this, but you could expect more ... pardons and clemency at the end of this term," she said.

Zoom in: Barack Obama, who had the most clemency grants of any president since Harry Truman, ended his two terms with 212 pardons and a whopping 1,715 commutations, far more than any recent president.

• The bulk of Obama's commutations cleared sentences for prisoners who had been convicted of drug charges.

Between the lines: Biden's decision to pardon his son drew outrage from Republicans and some Democrats who criticized the president for reneging on his promise not to pardon his son on gun and drug charges.

• But Biden is hardly the first president to grant a controversial, 11th-hour pardon family member or friend.
• On Bill Clinton's last day in office in 2001, he pardoned his half-brother, Roger Clinton Jr. — whose Secret Service code name was "Headache" — for his 1985 convictions on cocaine possession and drug trafficking. Roger Clinton was among 176 people pardoned that day.
• In 1974, Gerald Ford granted a "full, free and absolute pardon" to former President Nixon in an attempt to help the nation move on from the Watergate scandal that had led Nixon to resign.
• Ford paid a political price two years later when he lost the presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter, who campaigned on a promise to never lie to the American people.

Trump notoriously used his clemency power for people to whom he had personal or political ties. Weeks after he lost the 2020 presidential election, Trump pardoned Roger Stone, Paul Manafort and Charles Kushner, among others.

• Manafort was a former Trump campaign manager who'd been sentenced to seven years in prison for bank and tax fraud and other crimes. Stone, a GOP operative and Trump loyalist, had been convicted of lying to Congress in the federal probe into Russia's interference in the 2016 election.
• Kushner, Ivanka Trump's father-in-law, was pardoned after serving two years in prison for tax evasion and retaliating against a federal witness. Trump now has nominated Kushner, a fellow billionaire, to be the U.S. ambassador to France.

The intrigue: Biden's White House is considering giving preemptive pardons to officials who could be targets for prosecution by the incoming Trump administration, Politico's Jonathan Martin reported.

• Trump repeatedly has vowed to use the government to retaliate against his political enemies.

Go deeper: Congress hands Biden a huge Hunter-driven pardon wishlist

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries' (D-N.Y.) path to the speakership will run through President-elect Trump's home turf.

Why it matters: The strategy (and math) are pretty basic for Jeffries, who needs to pick up just three seats in the next midterms to win the majority.

• Return all 13 Democrats who won in what appear to be Trump districts.
• Then pick off three of the four GOP lawmakers who won in what appear to be Harris districts.
• Redistricting has shrunk the number of House districts that are truly competitive. That's making those races nasty, brutish and anything but short.

Zoom out: For a leader who wants to seize his party's resistance mantle, the existence of 13 Democrats in Trump districts will make his job harder. Jeffries, like Pelosi before him, knows a unified caucus will make him a more powerful force.

• With Republicans sitting on a three-seat cushion (which will be zero for several months), Jeffries can drive a hard bargain on everything from funding the government to raising the debt ceiling.
• If he maintains strict party discipline, he has the opportunity to embarrass Johnson on nearly every vote for the next two years.
• But Jeffries will have to choose his battles wisely and determine when to give those 13 Democrats a pass on tough votes. Sometimes, members will have to vote their districts at the expense of party unity.

By the numbers: November's elections showed both parties it's possible, but expensive, to beat entrenched incumbents.

• Democrats took out seven of the 16 GOP incumbents in Biden districts.
• Republicans took out two of the five Democratic incumbents in Trump districts.
• The challenge for Democrats in 2026 is that the four Republicans that now represent Harris districts are proven survivors. Still, Democrats think they'll be more vulnerable to drive out when Trump isn't on the ticket.

The intrigue: For Democrats, the 2026 map is almost a reverse image of the 2024 one, when Speaker Mike Johnson had to defend incumbents in 16 Biden seats with only five Democratic targets in Trump districts.

• Turnout in midterms varies significantly from a presidential cycle, a phenomenon that's been particularly pronounced in the Trump era.
• That means districts that looked Trumpy in 2024 might be more purple in the midterms.
• And there's always a chance the parties can draw more favorable seats via redistricting, like Republicans did in North Carolina.

What they're saying: "In a difficult national political environment, House Democrats defied political gravity, returned the overwhelming majority of our battleground incumbents, flipped 10 GOP-held seats this year and eradicated any extreme MAGA Republican hope of a so-called overwhelming mandate," said Justin Chermol, spokesperson for Jeffries.

• "In the new Congress, we will hold the narrow Republican majority accountable for any instance of overreach and self-dealing that undermines working-class Americans."

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and House Speaker Mike Johnson are staring each other down over a bill aimed at curbing antisemitism, we have learned.

Why it matters: Schumer promised Jewish leaders earlier this year that he would try to pass the bill this Congress. Now he's shifting blame to Johnson if Congress doesn't act.

• Schumer wants the Antisemitism Awareness Act — aimed at college campuses — attached to one of the year-end packages that must pass Congress, like the National Defense Authorization Act.
• But Johnson wants Schumer to put the bill on the Senate floor by itself, according to sources.

"We are trying to get them to do it," Schumer told Axios, referring to the House.

• "I have offered several times to get it in either the NDAA or the appropriations bill," he said.
• "Republicans are clearly feeling the pressure to get this done via the NDAA, which Sen. Schumer has long said is the best and fastest way," said a Schumer spokesperson. "The Republican leadership won't take yes for an answer."

Driving the news: With his narrow majority, Johnson has indicated to allies that attaching too many unrelated items to the National Defense Authorization Act could imperil its passage.

• House Republicans are trying to make it easier for Johnson to include it by suggesting he also attach legislation to sanction the International Criminal Court, according to people familiar with the matter.
• That sanctions bill previously passed the House 247-155 with 42 pro-Israel Democrats voting in its favor.

Zoom out: The antisemitism legislation also overwhelmingly passed the House in the summer, but it has divided Democrats.

• If it isn't passed this year, Republicans are eager to act on it in 2025, when they'll have the Senate majority.
• That would force Senate Democrats to potentially take a difficult vote next year.

The bottom line: With limited time left on the calendar — and his priority set on confirming judges — Schumer is unlikely to put the antisemitism bill on the Senate floor on its own.

President-elect Trump hosted the chief executives of Pfizer, Eli Lilly and PhRMA Wednesday night at Mar-a-Lago, where they discussed how the public and private sectors can collaborate on finding cures for cancer, among other topics, Axios has learned.

Why it matters: The patio dinner is a potential indication that Trump's administration will see the pharmaceutical industry as a partner — not just an adversary — for parts of its "Make America Healthy Again" agenda.

• There's been much speculation about how Trump's team will deal with the industry, given Trump's tough talk during the campaign and his pick of vaccine skeptic Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as Health and Human Services secretary.
• Last month, drugmakers' share prices dropped after Trump announced the nomination of Kennedy, who was at Wednesday's dinner along with Dr. Mehmet Oz, Trump's pick to run the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla, Lilly CEO David Ricks were at the dinner. Steve Ubl, CEO of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) represented the industry at the table. Trump's incoming chief of staff, Susie Wiles, also attended.

Zoom out: In his first term, Trump worked in concert with the private sector as part of Operation Warp Speed to accelerate the development and delivery of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics.

• But drugmakers are still reeling from Democrats' new law allowing Medicare to negotiate the price of drugs. During the presidential campaign, both President Biden and Trump promised even harsher crackdowns on the industry.

Zoom in: The meeting at Mar-a-Lago included a pre-dinner reception and lasted nearly three hours.

• As dinner was winding down, Trump entertained his guests by playing D.J. with his Spotify playlist.

Go deeper: Biden made finding a cure for cancer a central plank of his health care agenda, reviving the "moon shot" research program he spearheaded as vice president.

What they're saying: "After his historic victory, President Trump continues to have conversations with a wide range of industry leaders to talk about his agenda for the next four years and how to best serve the American people," a Trump spokesperson said.

• A Lilly representative did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Spokespeople for Pfizer PhRMA declined to comment.

Outgoing Senate GOP leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) went out of his way on Tuesday to praise Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) behind closed doors, Axios has learned.

Why it matters: It was a signal to the conference McConnell has led for 18 years that the still-new House speaker should be trusted and supported.

• McConnell plans to wield power as the chair of the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee and chair of the Rules Committee.
• Having a productive relationship with Johnson could help him achieve his foreign policy objectives, especially on Ukraine.

Between the lines: McConnell stopped short of endorsing Johnson in his speaker's bid — something he has never waded into.

• But multiple sources in the room noted the leader's decision to speak highly of Johnson.
• McConnell's opinion won't carry much weight in the House — especially with conservatives who could threaten Johnson's speakership. Still, it is a reminder to senators they can find ways to work with and bolster Johnson.

Driving the news: Johnson briefly spoke to Republican senators during their policy retreat, led by incoming Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.) and incoming GOP policy chair Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.).

• It was an eventful meeting: President-elect Trump dialed in for a pep-talk and Thune laid out his plans to use two reconciliation packages to pass Trump's agenda.

Before Johnson left, McConnell commended him for how he has handled a difficult job in managing a razor-thin Republican majority in the face of unhappy members, who don't mind deposing their speaker.

• That's high praise from a senator who has also defeated a leadership challenge.

Zoom out: The two GOP leaders are unlikely bedfellows — an institutionalist defense hawk who has had harsh words for Trump vs. a relatively young conservative who rose to power by aligning his policies with Trump's.

• But McConnell has been clear that one of his proudest recent achievements was securing billions of dollars of military aid for Ukraine earlier this year.
• Johnson — at the urging of McConnell — ultimately passed the aid package through the House with help from House Democrats.

The bottom line: Johnson faces a tough leadership reelection in January, with a vocal conservative flank threatening to withhold support.

• Deficit-conscious Republicans are watching closely how Johnson navigates the looming government funding debate this month.

House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) is on the hunt to find a new leader for his outside super PAC, Axios has learned.

Why it matters: As outgoing president of the Congressional Leadership Fund, Dan Conston essentially runs a $200+ million company that needs to develop and execute a new business plan every two years.

• It's one of the top political jobs in Washington, but not an easy one.
• Candidates, consultants, and donors all have to be kept happy. Billionaires write the group big checks at exclusive retreats, but they also want some assurances that it's being well spent.
• Its leader must make strategic and tactical decisions on where to invest its resources with a simple goal in mind: Win more seats than the Democrats.

Driving the news: Johnson's team is considering several candidates to replace Conston, according to people familiar with the matter.

• Conston, who was installed at CLF by former Speaker Kevin McCarthy, considering starting a new strategic consulting firm with other operatives in McCarthy's orbit. His exit was reported Monday by Politico.
• Conston could also stay on at CLF for a cycle as an adviser or a consultant.
• Conston and CLF declined to comment.

Zoom in: Johnson, who looks like he'll start this Congress down two seats from where Republicans began in 2023, will lean on CLF to provide air support for his incumbents, many of whom were outspent by Democrats in the 2024 cycle.

• Johnson will rely on Rep. Richard Hudson (R-N.C.) to run the National Republican Congressional Committee for another cycle.

Conston helped McCarthy come within a whisker of the House majority in 2020, picking up 13 seats in an election where President Trump lost both the popular and Electoral College vote.

• In 2022, Conston and McCarthy got across the line and picked up nine seats.
• In 2024, CLF, working with Johnson, appears to be on track to lose two seats but maintain the majority.

Zoom out: Super PACs, which can accept unlimited amount of "soft money," are growing more important in congressional and presidential races.

• CLF raised $232 million this cycle through mid-October, according to the FEC. That was slightly more than the $228 million raised by the NRCC.

Former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) is launching a new institute to help America win a "technological space race" on everything from artificial intelligence to advanced manufacturing.

Why it matters: McCarthy will tap his 17 years of congressional experience on technology and innovation issues to ensure that America stays ahead of competitors like China with his "ALFA Institute."

• The former California lawmaker — who has been traveling the world giving paid speeches and advising corporations — plans to keep one foot planted in the policy world.

What they are saying: "Our nation faces an inflection point," he writes in an open letter announcing his new plans.

• "Advancements in industries such as manufacturing, defense, energy, and artificial intelligence all have the power to propel our society forward. ... For America to continue as the world's leading force for good, our government, private sector, and idea leaders must collaborate."
• "That is why I have started the ALFA Institute, a policy and idea accelerator."

Flashback: In an Axios exit interview last year, McCarthy telegraphed his plans to stay focused on AI and how Washington can help support it.

• "I view AI as a positive," McCarthy said. "AI is where California is going to come back."

Between the lines: The institute's name — ALFA — is a nod to a NASA-designed module from the space race, chronicled in Tom Wolfe's book, "The Right Stuff," some of which was based in McCarthy's old congressional district.

Zoom in: The institute will be organized as a 501(c)(4) nonprofit, allowing it to engage in issue advocacy.

• It will advocate for pro-technology ideas and work to connect lawmakers and industry leaders.
• In many ways, the institute is an extension of the work McCarthy did in Congress where he established the bipartisan Select Committee on China to foster collaboration between lawmakers and top research universities.

Some House Republicans are prepared to block President-elect Trump from using a recess appointment on attorney general nominee Matt Gaetz.

Why it matters: In the case of recess appointments, the House can use a procedural trick to block a president from bypassing the Senate.

• Several House Republicans would vote against any motion to go into recess, Axios has learned.
• Trump's plan to circumvent the Senate's "advice and consent" role is complicated, but there's a clear constitutional provision that gives him the power to adjourn Congress, which would open the door for a recess appointment.

Zoom in: For Trump's plan to work, he needs the cooperation of Speaker Mike Johnson, with nearly every other House Republican.

• Trump is convinced that Johnson is on board. But Johnson can only afford to lose two or three lawmakers on a vote to go into recess.
• If Johnson lacks a majority, Trump will be denied his pretext to force Congress to adjourn.
• "The advise and consent responsibility is given to the Senate and the Constitution. They need to take that seriously, and they will," Johnson told reporters Tuesday.

What they're saying: Some House Republicans have deep reservations about recessing the House just to give Trump the power to use recess appointments.

• "I've already said we shouldn't be going into recess," said Rep. Mike Lawler (R-N.Y.).
• "It will be something that I'd discuss with leadership first before being public," Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.) told Axios. "I don't want to say either way out of respect to the Speaker. I owe him to talk to him first."

Zoom out: Days after the election, Trump demanded that the candidates to be Senate majority leader accept his power to use recess appointments.

• All of the leading candidates, including eventual winner Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.), agreed with Trump in principle.
• In practice, there are doubts about whether the Senate would agree to go into recess if they know the only purpose would be to install nominees who are shy of the 50 votes needed for confirmation.
• Many Senate Republicans are privately indicating Gaetz doesn't have the votes.

Reality check: Senate Democrats are outraged by the prospect of recess appointments, but recent Democratic presidents have also used it when it met their needs.

• Former President Obama made 32 recess appointments and was rebuked by the Supreme Court for using it when Congress was only out for three days. The Senate needs to be out for 10 days, the court ruled.

The bottom line: For Trump's strategy to work, he needs to have the House and Senate in "disagreement" over adjourning, according to Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution.

• If both the House and Senate agree to stay in session, Trump loses the constitutional pretext for a recess appointment.
• That gives the power to deny Trump to pack his Cabinet to a handful of House Republicans, if all Democrats are also opposed.

President-elect Trump is personally calling senators to press them to confirm former Rep. Matt Gaetz to be his attorney general, according to senators who have spoken with Trump.

Why it matters: Trump is digging in on his embattled and controversial nominee and is sending an unmistakable message to Senate Republicans that he expects him to be confirmed.

• "He clearly wants Matt Gaetz," said Sen. Kevin Cramer (R-N.D.), who received a call from Trump. "He believes Matt Gaetz is the one person who will have the fearlessness and ferociousness, really, to do what needs doing at the Department of Justice."
• "One thing about Donald Trump, people should never confuse his support for one of his nominees as a tactical or strategic tool for somebody else," Cramer said. "And at least to this point, he's putting his own political capital behind it."
• "And he's a pretty persuasive guy," Cramer said.

Another senator also confirmed to Axios that Trump reached out, calling on them to rally behind him.

Zoom out: The House Ethics Committee is debating whether to release its report into allegations of sexual misconduct by Gaetz.

• Multiple House lawmakers speculated that even if the House Ethics Committee does not release the report — with Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) advocating for the report to remain closed — it is highly probable it leaks to the press.
• Gaetz has denied wrongdoing.

The bottom line: The confirmation math remains tight, and Gaetz can lose just three votes in order to be confirmed on the floor.

• It's unlikely any Democrats get on board with the controversial lawmaker. Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill) said that Gaetz is the "least qualified person and most radical person ever nominated to be Attorney General.
• The Florida Republican, who abruptly resigned his House seat last week, will need to win over some lawmakers he has openly criticized in the past.

House Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) is ticking off some House Democrats for publicly opining on what her party did wrong in 2024.

Why it matters: Pelosi needs to let House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) lead the caucus, Democrats tell Axios.

• "She needs to take a seat," said one senior Democratic lawmaker.
• "Making scattershot comments is not just unhelpful, it's damaging," said the lawmaker.

"Hakeem has been tremendously graceful and respectful of her, but I don't think she is being respectful of him," said a member of the Congressional Black Caucus.

• Both lawmakers insisted on anonymity.
• Pelosi still instills fear in the members she led for two decades.

Zoom in: The mounting frustration with Pelosi exists in the private conversations among House Democrats in various corners of the caucus.

• The trouble started when Pelosi agreed to an interview with The New York Times in which she suggested Biden should have dropped out of the race sooner.
• Had that happened, "there may have been other candidates in the race," she said.
• Her comments ignited another round of finger-pointing and blame-shifting between the Biden and Harris camps.

The intrigue: The NYT wrote up their story on Friday but didn't post the full interview until Saturday.

• The transcript had more caveats and compliments than the initial article indicated, but it didn't really matter. Pelosi had started a fire.

🥊 Many of Pelosi's Democratic colleagues privately cheered when she asserted her will over the party this summer by helping push Biden out of the campaign.

• The country's first woman speaker didn't appear to care that Biden's feelings were hurt. "We just have to win the election," she said.

Between the lines: Jeffries' allies, including Pelosi, note Democrats picked up three seats in his native New York.

• On Pelosi's home turf of California, Democrats hoped to knock off five Republicans. So far, they have only taken out one.
• "He did a masterful job in New York in this election," she said in her controversial NYT interview,
• "Speaker Pelosi is immensely proud of Leader Hakeem Jeffries and his masterful stewardship of the House Democratic Caucus," a Pelosi spokesperson told us.
• "We all should praise the excellent progress made by House Democrats under his leadership."

Zoom out: Recriminations are flying over Democrats failing to take the House, with some members airing their grievances in a caucus meeting this week.

• Jeffries told members that "the buck stops with me."

The bottom line: Some Democrats are clearly frustrated Pelosi isn't fading into the sunset like she promised when she lost the gavel two years ago.

• "My advice to my fellow Democrats is simple: Follow the leader. Hakeem Jeffries has done a great job," Pelosi said in 2023.
• "I understand that this is a difficult transition for her, not being the leader, but she is not," the member of the Congressional Black Caucus told us.
• "She needs to understand what her new role is."